Download Energy systems ATP

ENERGY
SYSTEMS
YEAR 13 Physical Education
By the end of today you will
Be able to:
 Understand
and explain how ATP is used
to create energy
 Explain the role of food in the production
of ATP
 Identify the role each system plays in
exercise
How do we get energy?
 Food
3
is the basic source of energy
basic nutrients:
 Carbohydrates
 Fat
–
 Protein –
–
Carbohydrates
 Broken
down as glucose and stored as
glycogen in the muscles or liver
 Carb’s
are preferred source of energy
and can be used to produce energy with
or without oxygen
 Glycolysis
– break down of Glycogen
Fats
 Broken
into triglycerides or Free Fatty
 Stored
as adipose
acids
 Used

during aerobic exercise (long runs)
Lipolysis – break down of fats (lipids)
Protein
 Broken
into amino acids
 Used
to create tissues ‘
 Only
used in extreme cases
 Why?
Food as an energy source?

Our body uses molecule called ATP to gain energy.
ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate
When ATP molecule breaks energy is released
Only a small amount is stored at the muscle
e.g to complete a 5m sprint or jumping up.
ATP must be continually rebuilt so energy can be
provided for a long period of time.
3 Energy Systems

There are three ways our muscles get
energy/fuel:
1. ATP
2. ATP-CP
3. Lactic Acid (Lactate system)
4. Aerobic system
We don’t jump from one energy system to the
next we change all the time throughout
activity.
ATP - ADP

Energy for muscle contraction comes from
the breakdown of ATP

The 3 (Tri) phosphate muscles are the key to
the release of energy

As a phosphate molecule is split, energy is
released

ATP is broken down in the muscles – as
muscles are the site of the action
ATP and ATP-CP
ATP is used for first 3sec - THEN
CP (Creatine phosphate) is added to replenish the ATP
for 3-10sec
Adenosine Tri Phosphate = Adenosine Di Phosphate
+ energy
(ATP)

=
ATP/CP system


Energy supply is immediate, can supply large
amounts of ATP for short, high intensity, explosive
activities. The higher the intensity the quicker CP
stores are used up. After 5 secs CP stores are
depleted by up to 50%. Cp powers movement for
between 6 to 8 secs. Without this system actions
such as sprints, explosive throws/jumps would not be
possible.
The ATP/CP system provides energy for maximum
muscle contraction of up to 10-15 seconds. To
replenish the system by up to 70 %, requires 30 secs
rest and up to 8 minutes to fully restore. [95-100% HR]
Lactic acid [anaerobic
glycolysis system]

CHO we eat are broken down to glucose and this is used to
fuel activity. Glucose is much more plentiful than CP. In the
process of using glucose, lactic acid is a by product. This
can lead to muscle fatigue/soreness/burning if lactate
threshold is reached.

With a rise in acidity glucose production is hindered and
acid inhibits calcium binding. Without sufficient calcium
muscles cannot contract.
The lactic acid system is activated at the start of intense
exercise. Its peak power is usually reached after 15 secs
but the system contributes ATP until it fatigues after about
2/3 minutes [depending on intensity]
Recovery ranges from 20 min to 2 hours. [85-100% HR]


Aerobic system

This is the most powerful of the systems as it has the
greatest capacity to produce ATP and produces the
most energy.

As the lactic acid system decreases it becomes the
major ATP contributor.

It supplies energy for extended endurance activities
that remain below 85% [marathon]
.

Recovery 2-5 days depending upon extent of fitness/
exertion/diet/ how soon CHO taken in after.[60-85%
HR]
Aerobic Glycolysis
 Aerobic
means?
 Glycolysis means?
 Aerobic Glycolysis means what?
Glycogen breaks down to
Glucose
sufficient oxygen present
Energy to break down
more ATP