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Transcript
Deforming The Earth's Crust! 7-4! ! Using Key Terms! ! (Differences)! ! Christopher Yang! 1/16/2014! ES3 1. compression and tension! compression Compression is when pressure from two sides of an object face inward and gives compaction against the object. tension Tension is when pressure stretches an object outwards. 2. uplift and subsidence! ! weight spring spring subsidence uplift ! When more weight is placed on the lithosphere, subsidence occurs. Subsidence is when rock layers are compressed and the elevation is lowered. When weight is taken off from the lithosphere, uplift occurs. This is when the elevation of rock layers are raised.! Page 1 Deforming The Earth's Crust! Christopher Yang! 1/16/2014! ES3 7-4! Understanding Key Ideas! ! (hanging wall and foot wall)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Footwall ! ! ! Hanging wall 3. The type of fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall is called a reverse fault.! ! ! a. b. c. d. strike-slip fault.! fault-block fault.! normal fault.! reverse fault.! Unstressed-! Horizontal Stress-! Vertical Stress-! Unstressed folding layers are undeformed and are stacked horizontally. Horizontal stress folding layers are bent by pressure from the right and left, pushing against the layers. In the layers, the uphills are called anticline and the downhills are called synclines. Vertical stress folding layers are bent by pressure from the bottom coming up. In the layers, the downhills are called monoclines. ! ! ! Page 2 Deforming The Earth's Crust! 7-4! Christopher Yang! 1/16/2014! ES3 4. Describe three types of folds. ! 5. Describe three types of faults.! ! Normal Fault-! ! Normal faults are when hanging walls and footwalls have tension. Since they cannot just split apart and have a gap between because there are rocks beside, the footwall will slide up. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Reverse Fault-! Strike-Slip Faults-! Reverse faults are when hanging walls and footwalls are compressed together. When the faults are compressed, the hanging wall will slide up. Strike-slip faults are faults that move to the left or right. ! ! ! 6. Identify the most common types of mountains.! ! ! The most common types of mountains are folded mountains, fault-block mountains and volcanic mountains. Folded mountains were once unstressed layers but then was compressed on both sides (horizontal stress) and became a mountain. Faultblock mountains are mountains that had tension and started to fault and drop down. The uneven parts created ridged and jagged sides. Volcanic mountains are located at locations where the asthenosphere includes subduction zones, or magma (hot molten rock) zones. When the magma comes out of the lithosphere, the magma can cool and form volcanic mountains.! ! 7. What is rebound?! ! ! Rebound is a way of uplift. This is when compressed layers slowly loosens and returns to its previous location and thickness.! ! ! Page 3 Deforming The Earth's Crust! 7-4! Christopher Yang! 1/16/2014! ES3 8. What are rift zones, and how do they form?! ! ! Rift zones are formed by the separation of tectonic plates creating deep crack, like how mud cracks after it is dried, after some parts are subsided, big gaps called rift zones are created. ! ! 1 ! Critical Thinking! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 ! ! ! ! subsided 9. If a fault occurs in an area where rock layers have been folded, which type of fault is it likely to be? Why?! ! ! Since rock layers were compressed if they are folded, these tectonic plates may move toward each other in the future, so the fault will most likely be a reverse fault because reverse faults are created by compression.! ! 10. Would you expect to see a folded mountain range at a mid-ocean ridge? Explain your answer.! ! ! I would not expect to see a folded mountain range at a mid-ocean ridge because at a mid ocean ridge, two tectonic plates separate, which is the opposite of compression that creates folded mountain ranges.! ! ! Page 4 Deforming The Earth's Crust! 7-4! Christopher Yang! 1/16/2014! ES3 Interpreting Graphics! ! 11. What type of fault is shown in the diagram?! ! ! A reverse fault is shown in the diagram.! ! 12. At what kind of tectonic boundary would you most likely find this fault?! ! ! I would usually find this kind of fault at a convergent boundary because tectonic plates are compressed at convergent boundaries. Page 5
