Download Common noun - Ms. Guggenheimer`s Education Connection

Parts of Speech
Noun

A noun is a person, place, thing or idea.
Types of Nouns

Common noun: word
used to name any regular,
ordinary person, animal,
place, thing or idea. Nothing
specific.
◦ Examples: car, man, bridge,
town, water, metal, ammonia
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Proper noun: name of a
specific person, place or
thing. Always starts with a
capital letter.
◦ Examples: Michael, Africa,
United Nations, Tower of
London
Collective and Possessive Nouns
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Collective Nouns: a word used for a
group of people or things
◦ Examples: people: audience, crowd, jury, family,
group, nation, staff, cast, gang, team

Possessive Nouns: noun that owns
something in the sentence.
◦ Example: The airplane’s engine was loud.
(The airplane “owns” the engine.)
Compound and Verbal Nouns

Compound nouns: nouns made up of two or more
words. Some compound nouns are hyphenated.
◦ One word examples: shoelace, keyboard, flashlight,
applesauce, notebook, bedroom.
◦ Hyphenated examples: editor-in-chief, great-grandfather,
mother-in-law
◦ Two words: police officer, high school, post office

Verbal nouns: nouns formed by verbs. They are a
type of common noun.
◦ Examples: I love swimming. (Swimming is the name of an
activity. It is formed by the verb to swim.)
◦ Critical thinking is required to solve this problem.
(Thinking is the name of an activity. )
Pronouns

A word that takes the place of a noun.
◦ Examples:
Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns: a pronoun that stands
in for a person.
Indefinite Pronouns

Indefinite pronouns stand in for nouns
that are not named specifically.
◦ Examples: everyone, someone, anyone, no one,
everything, something, anything, nothing,
everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody.
Adjectives

An adjective is a word
that describes a noun or
pronoun.

Adjectives give us more
information about nouns.
They tell us:
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The color of nouns
The size of nouns
The shape of nouns
The texture of nouns
The condition of nouns
How many there are of the
nouns
Adjectives: Articles
A, An and The
 The describes something specific
◦ The book is on the table. (describes a
specific book)

A and an are non-specific and can
refer to any noun.
◦ A book is on the table. (could be any
book)

A is used before a word beginning
with a consonant. An is used
before a word beginning with a
vowel.
Verbs

Action verbs: tell what the
subject of a sentence does.
◦ Examples: run, fall, sit, write,
see, fly, cry, laugh, bake, build,
make, have, buy
 The hawk flew over the field in
search of prey.

Linking verbs- show the
state or condition of a person
or thing. They link the subject
with a word in the predicate.
◦ Examples: am, is, are, was,
were, being, been.
 Juan is an excellent basketball
player.
More Linking Verbs

Verbs like appear, become, feel, grow,
sound seem, and taste can ALSO be
used as linking verbs when they can take
the place of the verb be.
◦ Lana seemed surprised.
◦ Lana was surprised.
◦ The puppies look sleepy.
◦ The puppies are sleepy.
Verb Phrase/Helping Verb

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A verb that contains more than one verb is
called a verb phrase.
The last word in the phrase is called the main
verb.
All other words in the phrase are called helping
verbs.
◦ Tom had made several careless mistakes on his test
◦ Maria may finish her report by Friday.
◦ We will be going to the movies tonight.
Adverbs

Adverbs give information about verbs, adjectives and
other adverbs.
◦ Examples: carefully, slowly, too, somewhere, very,
calmly, shyly, often, here, there, never, not, soon,
anywhere, daringly

They answer the questions:
◦ How? (Megan walked slowly.)
◦ Where? (Class will start soon.)
◦ When?
(Tim stood there.)
◦ To what extent? (She works out daily.)

Hints to recognize adverbs:
◦ They often end in –ly.
◦ The words very and too are probably the most
common adverbs.
Prepositions
A preposition is a word that relates a noun or
pronoun to another word or sentence.
 The noun or pronoun that follows a preposition
is called the object of the preposition.
 A preposition, its object and any words that
modify the object are called a prepositional
phrase.
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More Prepositions
Conjunctions

Conjunctions are words that connect words or groups of words in
a sentence.
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For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
HINT: The above
spells FANBOYS.
Coordinating conjunctions include the words and, but, or, or nor.
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◦
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Either…or
Neither…nor
Not only…but also
Both…and
Commas and Conjunctions

When listing items, use a comma in between
each item and insert and for the last one.
 Example:
 WRONG: I fell and hurt my knee and my head and my back and my
pride.
 RIGHT: I fell and hurt my knee, my head, my back and my pride.

When coordinating conjunctions (F.A.N.B.O.Y.S)
are used to connect two sentences, you must
use a comma before the conjunction.
◦ Note: If the sentences are very short, you can
sometimes leave out the comma.
Interjections
Interjections are words that show strong emotion or
surprise in a sentence.
 Examples:
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Hey!
Yikes!
Oops!
Oh boy!
Ouch!
Yuck!
Oops!
Yo!
Pow!
Ugh!
Parts of Speech Test