Download Module 10 Exam Review 1. Skeletal muscles cause movement of

Module 10 Exam Review
1. Skeletal muscles cause movement of bones when they apply force to _____. tendons
2. Muscle contractions that are extended for a period of time help maintain _____. posture
3. Sphincters are ring-like bands of _____ muscle. smooth
4. A wave-like contraction of smooth muscle in the GI tract is called ______. peristalsis
5. Thermogenesis is a function of ______ muscle tissue. skeletal
6. Multi-nucleated, striated muscle describes ________ muscle. skeletal
7. Striated with one central nucleus describes the structure of _______ muscle. cardiac
8. The structure of visceral (smooth) muscle has no striations and one, ______ nucleus. central
9. The thin and thick filaments are formed primarily of _______ and _______, respectively. actin;
myosin
10. The unit of contraction in a skeletal muscle is called a _________. sarcomere
11. Skeletal muscle is under ______ nervous system control. voluntary
12. Branched muscle fibers with intercalated discs are found in _______ muscle. cardiac
13. Spindle-shaped muscle fibers are associated with ________ muscle. smooth
14. A fascicle is a bundle of _____ _____. muscle fibers (cells)
15. The ______ is the plasma membrane (lipid bilayer) covering a muscle cell. sarcolemma
16. _______ is the name of the cytoplasm of the skeletal muscle cell. sarcoplasm
17. Endomysium is composed of ________ connective tissue that wraps the sarcolemma. areolar
18. Perimysium is _______ _______connective tissue that wraps a muscle fascicle. dense irregular
19. The tube-like structures that run perpendicular to myofibrils are ______ ______. T tubules
20. The membranous sac filled with calcium is called the _______ ________. sarcoplasmic reticulum
21. An individual muscle cell is formed by many contractile elements called _______. myofibrils
22. The sarcoplasmic reticulum from one sarcomere, a T tubule, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum from
another sarcomere is collectively referred to as a ______. triad
23. What myofilaments are parallel and interdigitated? thin and thick
24. What separates one sarcomere from another? Z disks/Z line
25. The neuromuscular junction includes the somatic motor neuron and a _____ _____. muscle fiber
26. What is the neurotransmitter released from the terminal processes of the somatic motor neurons?
acetylcholine
27. The motor end plate contains nicotinic acetylcholine ________. receptor
28. What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? breakdown acetylcholine
29. The ____ is the portion of a motor neuron that carries a signal from the spinal cord to the
neuromuscular junction. axon
30. The binding of acetylcholine to receptors on the motor end plate opens ______ channels. Na+
31. T tubules allow for the action potential to penetrate ______ into the cell. deep
32. What ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum when the action potential reaches muscle cell?
Ca++
33. Because of their role in the contraction cycle, troponin and tropomyosin are ________ proteins.
regulatory
34. _____ filaments have both Ca++ and myosin binding sites. thin
35. ATP is hydrolyzed during the _____-_____ cycle. cross-bridge
36. Myosin detaches from actin when _____ binds to the myosin head. ATP
37. Tropomyosin covers the binding sites for _____ when calcium is absent. myosin
38. The sarcomere shortens when ______ and ______ slide past each other. thin and thick filaments
39. Acetylcholine being released from synaptic vesicles starts the events of a muscle _____. contraction
40. Titin is the largest structural protein. It connects the Z disc to the M line and contributes to a
sarcomere’s _______. elasticity
41. A motor unit consists of a somatic motor neuron and all of the _____ _____ it innervates. muscle
fibers
42. Aerobic oxidation of glucose and anaerobic fermentation of glucose both provide _____. ATP
43. What muscle fiber type is most consistently used while running a marathon? slow, oxidative
44. 70-80% of the energy used by muscles is lost as _______. heat
45 Glycogen depletion, decreased ATP, and increased lactic acid contribute to muscle _______. fatigue
46. Agonistic muscle are those that _______ together. work
47. Antagonists are muscle that _____ each other. oppose
48. The attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone is called its _______. origin
49. The attachment of a muscle to the bone it moves (usually distal) is called its _______. insertion
50. The gluteus maximus is named because of its _______. size
51. The tibialis anterior is named by its ______. location
52. Learn the names, origins, insertions, and actions of the individual muscles and muscle groups
identified in the objectives.