Download Acromiodeltoid Clavobrachialis Levator Scapulae Ventralis

Clavobrachialis
Craniolateral view, left side
Cat information:
clavobrachialis (cat only – corresponds
to the anterior portion of the deltoid)
origin: clavicle and raphe lateral to theclavicle
insertion: ulna
nerve: axillary
action: flexes forearm
Human information:
clavobrachialis (cat only – corresponds
to the anterior division of the deltoidwhich is pictured above)
origin: anterosuperior border of the
lateral third of the clavicle
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
on the anterolateral surface
nerve: axillary (C5, C6)
action: horizontal adductor, prime
flexor, and medial (internal) rotation of
shoulder (arm)
Acromiodeltoid
Lateral view, left side
Cat information:
acromiodeltoid (cat only – corresponds
to the lateral portion of the deltoid)
origin: caudal border of the acromion
and sometimes the metacromion
insertion: surface of spinodeltoid and
humerus
nerve: axillary
action: flexes and rotates shoulder
(arm)
Spinodeltoid
Dorsolateral view, left side
Cat information:
spinodeltoid (cat only – corresponds to
the posterior portion of the deltoid)
origin: middle third of the spine of
scapula
insertion: deltoid ridge of humerus
nerve: axillary
action: flexes and rotates humerus
(arm)
Human information:
Human information:
spinodeltoid (cat only – corresponds to
acromiodeltoid (cat only – corresponds
the posterior portion of the deltoid
to the lateral (middle) portion of the
which is pictured above)
deltoid which is pictured above)
origin: inferior margin of spine of
origin: the acromion process of scapula scapula
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
nerve: axillary (C5 and C6)
nerve: axillary (C5 and C6)
action: abducts (horizontal abduction),
action: abducts shoulder (arm)
laterally (externally) rotates and
extends shoulder (humerus or arm)
Dr. J likes to tell his students that the
spinodeltoid looks a bit like a
football! If you don't like that analogy
you can decide what it looks like to you,
a gum drop for example.
Levator Scapulae Ventralis
Dorsolateral view, left side
Cat information:
levator scapulae ventralis (levator
scapulae in humans)
origin: transverse process of C1 and the
occipital bone
insertion: metacromion and infraspinatus
fossa
nerve: dorsal scapular
action: elevates scapula
Human information:
levator scapulae
origin: transverse processes of C1-C4
insertion: vertebral border of scapula
between the superior angle and the
spine of the scapula
nerve: dorsal scapular (C5) and
anterior rami of C3 and C4
action: elevates and downward rotates
scapula, flexes neck laterally
Some authors call this simply levator
scapula.
Clavotrapezius
Dorsal view, left side
Cat information:
clavotrapezius (cat only – corresponds
to the superior portion of the trapezius)
origin: superior nuchal line of occipital bone
and the mid-dorsal line of the neck to the spine
of the axis
insertion: clavicle and the raphe between
the clavotrapezius and the clavobrachialis
nerve: spinal accessory (XI) and ventral rami
of cervical vertebrae 1-4
(adducts)
action: elevates and retracts
scapula
Human information:
clavotrapezius (cat only – corresponds to the
superior portion of the trapezius)
origin: external occipital protuberamce,
medial third of superior nuchal line,
ligamentum nuchae, and spinous process of
C7
insertion: lateral third of clavicle and the
acromion process
nerve: spinal accessory (XI) and anterior
rami of C3 and C4 (sensory component)
action: elevation and upward rotation of
scapula, when contracting with other
portions of the trapezius it retracts (adducts)
the scapula
Acromiotrapezius
Spinotrapezius
Dorsolateral view, left side
Dorsolateral view, left side
Cat information:
acromiotrapezius (cat only – corresponds
to the middle portion of the human
trapezius)
origin: spinous process of the axis to a
point between the first and fourth
thoracic vertebrae
insertion: metacromion, scapular spine
totuberosity, and superficial surface
of spinotrapezius
nerve: spinal accessory (XI) and ventral
rami of cervicals 1-4
action: hold the vertebral border of the
two scapulae together and retracts
(adducts) them
Cat information:
spinotrapezius (cat only – corresponds
to the inferior portion of the human
trapezius)
origin: spinous process of T4-T12
insertion: tuberosity of scapular
spineand fascia of supraspinatus and
infraspinatus muscles
nerve: spinal accessory (XI) and ventral
rami of cervicals 1-4
action: retracts (adducts) and
depresses scapula
Human information:
acromiotrapezius (cat only – corresponds
to the middle division of the trapezius
which is pictured above)
origin: spinous processes of 7th cervical
and 1st-3rd thoracic vertebrae
insertion: superior border of the spine
of scapula
nerve: spinal accessory (XI) and
anterior rami of C3 and C4
action: retracts (adducts) and helps in
elevation of scapula
Human information:
spinotrapezius (cat only – corresponds
to the inferior portion of the trapezius
which is pictured above)
origin: spinous processes of T6-T12
insertion: medial third of spine of
scapula
nerve: spinal accessory (XI) and
ventral rami of cericals 3 and 4
action: retracts (adducts), depresses
and rotates scapula
Latissimus Dorsi
Lateral view, left side
Rhomboideus Major
Rhomboideus Minor
Lateral view, left side
Lateral view, left side
Cat information:
latissimus dorsi
origin: spinous processes of T4-T12 and
L1-L6
insertion: medial surface of humerus
nerve: thoracodorsal and ventral thoracic
action: extends humerus (arm)
Cat information:
rhomboideus major
origin: spinous processes of T2-T5
insertion: medial border of scapula
nerve: dorsal scapular
action: retracts (adducts), rotates and
stabilizes scapula
Human information:
latissimus dorsi
origin: aponeurosis from the spinous
processes of T7-T12 and L1-L5, posterior
iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum,
inferior 3 or 4 ribs, and the inferior angle
of the scapula
insertion: medial lip of intertubercular
groove of the humerus, anterior and
parallel with the tendon from pectoralis
major
nerve: thoracodorsal (C6, C7, C8)
action: extends, hyperextension, retracts
(adducts) and medially rotates (internal
rotation) humerus
Human information:
rhomboideus major
origin: spinous processes of T2-T5
insertion: medial border of scapula
from spine to inferior angle
nerve: dorsal scapular (C5)
action: retracts (adducts), elevates
and inferior rotation of scapula
Cat information:
rhomboideus minor
origin: supraspinous ligament in the
cervical region and spinous processes of
the first four vertebrae
insertion: vertebral border ofscapula
nerve: ventral rami of cervical nervesnearits origin
action: draws cranially, retracts (adducts)
and rotates scapula
Human information:
rhomboideus minor
origin: spinous processes of C7 and T1
and lower part of ligamentum nuchae
insertion: vertebral (medial) border of
scapula at the root of the spine of the
scapula
nerve: dorsal scapular (C5)
action: retracts (adducts), elevates
and inferior rotation of scapula
Rhomboideus Capitis
Dorsal view, left side
Cat information:
rhomboideus capitis
(occipitoscapularis) (cat only)
origin: medial half of cranial nuchal line
not extending quite to midline
insertion: scapula near cranial angle
nerve: ventral ramus C4
action: draws cranially and rotates
scapula
Pectoantebrachialis
Ventral view, left side
Cat information:
pectoantebrachialis (cat only)
origin: lateral surface of manubrium
insertion: forearm
nerve: ventral thoracic
action: adducts arm
Xiphihumeralis
Ventral view, left side
Pectoralis Major
Ventral view, left side
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Ventralis
Ventrolateral view, left side
Ventrolateral view, left side
Cat information:
pectoralis major
origin: manubrium, the first three
divisions of the sternum and the median
raphe
insertion: greater tubercle and along a line
to the pectoral ridge of humerus
nerve: anterior thoracic
action: adducts arm
Cat information:
pectoralis minor
origin: lateral half of the first six divisions
of the body of the sternum and sometimes
the xiphoid process
insertion: ventral border of the bicipital
groove at the proximal end of humerus
nerve: anterior thoracic
action: adducts arm
Human information:
pectoralis major (sternal division)
origin: sternum, costal cartilages of ribs
1-6
insertion: lateral lip of bicipital groove
of humerus
nerve: lateral and medial pectoral (C7,
8, and T1)
action: extends humerus to
approximately 90 degrees
Human information:
pectoralis minor
origin: anterior surface of ribs 3, 4, and
5 near the costal cartilages
insertion: coracoid process of scapula
nerve: medial pectoral (C8, T1)
action: depress, protract, and inferior
rotation of scapula
Cat information:
xiphihumeralis (cat only)
origin: a median raphe along xiphoid process or at an angle to the median line on the rectus abdominis muscle
insertion: with latissimus dorsi near ventral border of the
bicipital groove
nerve: cranial pectoral nerves and branches of C7 and C8
action: assists pectoralis minor -adducts arm
Pectoralis minor is one of the group of
five muscles that stabilize the scapula. In humans it is one of two pectoral
muscles and it is smaller than pectoralis
major but in the cat it is the largest of
the four pectoral muscles.
Cat information:
serratus ventralis (anterior in human)
origin: ribs 1-9 or 10
insertion: medial surface of scapula deep
to the vertebral border
nerve: long thoracic
action: depresses scapula,supports the
trunk and aids in inspiration
Note that is muscle can be tagged in
two places!
Human information:
serratus anterior (ventralis in cat)
origin: superior lateral surface of ribs
1-8
insertion: anterior surface along the
vertebral border of scapula
nerve: long thoracic (C5, C6, C7)
action: protracts (abducts) and rotates
scapula upward, prevents scapular
winging
Serratus ventralis in the cat looks like
fingers because it attaches to the ribs,
but has nothing to attach to between
the ribs. The name implies that it
looks like a serrated knife.
Cleidomastoid
Ventrolateral view, left side
Cat information:
cleidomastoid (cat only – corresponds
to the lateral portion of the
sternocleidomastoid)
origin: mastoid process
insertion: clavicle and the raphe
lateral to the clavicle
nerve: spinal accessory (XI) and
ventral rami of C2 and C3
action: elevates clavicle when head is
fixed, turns head and depresses snout
when clavicle is fixed
Sternohyoid
Sternomastoid
Ventrtral view, left side
Ventrtral view, left side
Cat information:
sternohyoid
origin: cranial border of first costal
cartilage and manubrium
insertion: lateral half of ventral surface
of hyoid
nerve: hypoglossal (XII) and ventral
ramus of C1
action: draws hyoid caudally, draws ribs
and sternum cranially when hyoid is fixed
Human information:
sternohyoid
Human information:
origin: manubrium and medial end of
cleidomastoid (cat only – corresponds the clavicle
to the lateral portion of the
insertion: inferior margin of hyoid
sternocleidomastoid)
nerve: anterior rami of C1-C3 through
origin: superior surface of the
ansa cervicalis
medial third of the clavicle
action: depress larynx and hyoid if
insertion: lateral surface of the
mandible is fixed; may flex skull
mastoid process and the lateral half
of the superior nuchal line
nerve: spinal accessory (XI) and
anterior rami of C2 and C3
action: bilateral contraction leads to
flexion of the head; unilateral
contraction causes rotation of head
to the opposite side (contralateral
rotation) and movement of head
toward the ipsilateral shoulder
(ipsilateral sidebending)
Cat information:
sternomastoid (cat only – corresponds
to the medial portion of the
sternocleidomastoid)
origin: manubrium and median raphe
insertion: lateral half of lambdoidal
ridge and mastoid portion of temporal
bone as far as the mastoid process
nerve: spinal accessory (XI) and ventral
rami of C1-C3
action: bilateral contraction depresses
snout, unilateral contraction turns head
and depresses snout
Sternothyroid
Ventrtral view, left side
Cat information:
sternothyroid
origin: first costal cartilage deep to the
sternohyoid
insertion: lateral half of cranial boder of
thyroid cartilage
nerve: hypoglossal (XII) and ventral ramus
of C1
action: draws larynx caudally
Human information:
sternothyroid
origin: posterior surface of manubrium
insertion: thyroid cartilage
Human information:
nerve: anterior rami of C1-C3 through ansa
sternomastoid (cat only – corresponds to cervicalis
the medial portion of the
action: depress larynx and hyoid
sternocleidomastoid)
origin: anterior surface of manubrium
insertion: lateral surface of the mastoid
process and the lateral half of the
superior nuchal line
nerve: spinal accessory (XI) and
anterior rami of C2 and C3
action: bilateral contraction leads to
flexion of the head; unilateral
contraction causes rotation of head to
the opposite side and movement of
head toward the ipsilateral shoulder
Axillary Nerve
Dorsolateral view, left side
The axillary nerve is a branch of the
posterior cord of the brachial plexus.
It serves the deltoids and teres
minor. In this lab we will find it on the
deep side of the clavobrachialis
muscle. In a later lab we will find it
near its origin in the axilla.
Cephalic Vein
Lateral view, left shoulder
The cephalic vein is observed on the
superficial, lateral side of the
forearm and arm. Inferior to the
clavicle it passes into the axilla
where it joins the axillary vein. The
axillary vein passes through the
thoracic wall to become the
subclavian vein.
Long Thoracic Nerve
Ventrolateral view, left thoracic
The long thoracic nerve serves
serratus ventralis. It is found on the
superficial side of this muscle. It is a
lateral branch of the anterior rami of
C5, C6, and C7. This nerve has been
known by students as the Paul
McCartney nerve because he named it
for his famous song "The Long
Thoracic Nerve", which was on an early
release of the Beatles album "Let It
Be". The name didn't catch on and I
think he may have changed the name
later.
Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI)
Ventrolateral view, left thoracic
Dorsolateral view, left side
The spinal accessory nerve is cranial
nerve XI. It serves the
sternocleidomastoid muscle and the
trapezius muscle. We will find it on the
deep side of the acromiotrapezius
muscle.
External Jugular Vein
Ventrolateral view, left cervical
The external jugular vein is
observed on the superficial, lateral
side of the neck. It receives blood
from the head region except the
cranial cavity. It joins the
subclavian vein to form the
brachiocephalic vein.
Thoracodorsal Nerve
The thoracodorsal nerve is also called
the third subscapular nerve. It is a
lateral branch of the posterior cord of
the brachial plexus and serves the
latissimus dorsi muscle. We will find it
on the deep side of the latissimus
dorsi at its humeral end.
Thoracodorsal Artery
Lateral view, left side
The thoracodorsal artery is a branch of the
subscapular artery. It serves the latissimus dorsi
muscle and can be observed on the deep side of
that muscle at its humeral end where it runs with
the thoracodorsal nerve.