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• BiDi https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Opto-isolator - Bidirectional opto-isolators 1 The simplest bidirectional opto-isolator is merely a pair of LEDs placed face to face and held together with heat-shrink tubing https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Opto-isolator - Bidirectional opto-isolators Visible spectrum LEDs have relatively poor transfer efficiency, thus near infrared spectrum GaAs, GaAs:Si and AlGaAs:Si LEDs are the preferred choice for bidirectional devices. Bidirectional optoisolators built around pairs of GaAs:Si LEDs have current transfer ratio of around 0.06% in either photovoltaic or photoconductive mode — less than photodiode-based isolators, but sufficiently practical for real-world applications. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Travel medicine - Mortality and morbidity 1 Mortality studies indicate that cardiovascular disease accounts for most deaths during travel (50-70%), while injury and accident follow (~25%). Infectious disease accounts for about 2.8-4% of deaths during/from travel. Morbidity studies suggest that about half of people from a developed country who stay one month in a developing country will get sick. Traveler's diarrhea is the most common problem encountered. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rendering (computer graphics) - The bidirectional reflectance distribution function The 'bidirectional reflectance distribution function' (BRDF) expresses a simple model of light interaction with a surface as follows: 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rendering (computer graphics) - The bidirectional reflectance distribution function 1 Light interaction is often approximated by the even simpler models: diffuse reflection and specular reflection, although both can ALSO be BRDFs. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Delayed sleep phase disorder - Comorbidity In the DSPD cases reported in the literature, about half of the patients have suffered from clinical depression or other psychological problems, about the same proportion as among patients with chronic insomnia. According to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders|ICSD: 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Delayed sleep phase disorder - Comorbidity 1 A direct neurochemical relationship between sleep mechanisms and depression is another possibility. DSPD may cause excessive or inappropriate production of melatonin. Serotonin, a mood regulator, is a precursor to melatonin. As a result, increased endogenous melatonin production can deplete serotonin levels and may cause depression. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Delayed sleep phase disorder - Comorbidity It is conceivable that DSPD often has a major role in causing depression because it can be such a stressful and misunderstood disorder. A recent study from the University of California, San Diego found no association of bipolar disorder (history of mania) with DSPD, and it states that there may be 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Delayed sleep phase disorder - Comorbidity 1 The fact that half of DSPD patients are not depressed indicates that DSPD is not merely a symptom of depression. Sleep researcher M. Terman has suggested that those who follow their internal circadian clocks may be less likely to suffer from depression than those trying to live on a different schedule. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Delayed sleep phase disorder - Comorbidity DSPD patients who also suffer from depression may be best served by seeking treatment for both problems. There is some evidence that effectively treating DSPD can improve the patient's mood and make antidepressants more effective. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Delayed sleep phase disorder - Comorbidity 1 Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to depression. As it is a condition which comes from lack of exposure to sunlight, anyone who does not get enough sunlight exposure during the daylight hours could be at risk. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Delayed sleep phase disorder - Comorbidity Persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder are also diagnosed with DSPD at a much higher rate than the general public.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti cles/PMC2219909/?tool=pmcentrez 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Body dysmorphic disorder - Comorbidity There is comorbidity with other psychological disorders, which often results in misdiagnoses by medical individuals. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Impulse control disorder - Co-morbidity 1 Complications of late Parkinson's disease may include a range of impulse control disorders, including eating, buying, compulsive gambling and sexual behavior. One study found that 13.6% of Parkinson's patients exhibited at least one form of ICD. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Impulse control disorder - Co-morbidity 1 There is a significant co-occurrence of pathological gambling and personality disorder, and is suggested to be caused partly by their common genetic vulnerability.Brewer, Potenza(2008). The Neurobiology and Genetics of Impulse Control Disorders: Relationships to Drug Addictions. Biochemical Pharmacology '75'(1) 63–75. PMID 17719013 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Impulse control disorder - Co-morbidity The degree of heritability to ICD is similar to other psychiatric disorders including substance abuse disorder. There has also been found a genetic factor to the development of ICD just as there is for substance abuse disorder. The risk for subclinical PG in a population is accounted for by the risk of alcohol dependence by about 1220% genetic and 3-8% environmental factors. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Impulse control disorder - Co-morbidity 1 There is a high rate of comorbidity between ADHD and impulse control disorders. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity 1 Symptoms of insomnia can be caused by or be co-morbid with: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity 1 *Use of psychoactive drugs (such as stimulants), including certain medications, herbs, caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, aripiprazole, MDMA, modafinil, or excessive alcohol intake. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity 1 *Withdrawal from anti-anxiety drugs such as benzodiazepine withdrawal|benzodiazepines or painrelievers such as opioid withdrawal|opioids. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity 1 *Use of fluoroquinolone antibiotic drugs is associated with more severe and chronic types of insomnia. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity 1 *Restless legs syndrome, which can cause sleep onset insomnia due to the discomforting sensations felt and the need to move the legs or other body parts to relieve these sensations. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity 1 *Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), which occurs during sleep and can cause arousals of which the sleeper is unaware. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity 1 *Pain An injury or condition that causes pain can preclude an individual from finding a comfortable position in which to fall asleep, and can in addition cause awakening. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity 1 *Hormone shifts such as those that precede menstruation and those during menopause. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity *Life events such as fear, stress (psychology)|stress, anxiety, emotional or mental tension, work problems, financial stress, birth of a child and bereavement. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity 1 *Gastrointestinal issues such as heartburn or constipation. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity 1 *Mental disorders such as bipolar disorder, clinical depression, generalized anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, and dementia.Gelder, M., Mayou, R. and Geddes, J. (2005). Psychiatry. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford. p. 167, ISBN 0198528639. or ADHD https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity *Disturbances of the circadian rhythm, such as shift work and jet lag, can cause an inability to sleep at some times of the day and excessive sleepiness at other times of the day. Chronic Circadian rhythm sleep disorder|circadian rhythm disorders are characterized by similar symptoms. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity 1 * Certain Neurology|neurological disorders, brain damage|brain lesions, or a Medical history|history of traumatic brain injury. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity *Disease|Medical conditions such as hyperthyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity *Abuse of over-the counter or prescription sleep aids (sedative or depressant drugs) can produce rebound insomnia. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity 1 *Poor sleep hygiene, e.g., Noise health effects|noise or over consumption of caffeine https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity *A rare genetic condition can cause a prion-based, permanent and eventually fatal form of insomnia called fatal familial insomnia. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity 1 *Physical exercise. Exercise-induced insomnia is common in athletes in the form of prolonged sleep onset latency.[http://cev.org.br/biblioteca/t he-epidemiological-survey-ofexercise-induced-insomnia-inchinese-athletes The epidemiological survey of exercise-induced insomnia in chinese athletes] Youqi Shi, Zhihong Zhou, Ke Ning, Jianhong LIU. Athens 2004: Pre-Olympic Congress. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Insomnia - Causes and comorbidity Sleep studies using polysomnography have suggested that people who have sleep disruption have elevated nighttime levels of circulating cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone They also have an elevated metabolic rate, which does not occur in people who do not have insomnia but whose sleep is intentionally disrupted during a sleep study 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Generalized anxiety disorder - Other comorbidities In addition to coexisting with depression, research shows that GAD often coexists with conditions associated with Stress (medicine)|stress, such as irritable bowel syndrome. Patients with GAD can sometimes present with physical symptoms such as insomnia or headaches. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Generalized anxiety disorder - Other comorbidities 1 Further research suggests that about 20 to 40 percent of individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have comorbid anxiety disorders, with GAD being the most prevalent. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Kleptomania - Comorbidity 1 Psychopathology and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders in patients with kleptomania https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Kleptomania - Comorbidity 1 Family history and psychiatric comorbidity in persons with kleptomania https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Kleptomania - Comorbidity It has been suggested that because kleptomania is linked to strong compulsive and impulsive qualities, it can be viewed as a variation of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, together with pathological gambling, compulsive buying, pyromania, nailbiting and trichotillomania 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Autism spectrum - Comorbidity Autism spectrum disorders tend to be highly comorbid with other disorders. Comorbidity may increase with age and may worsen the course of youth with ASDs and make intervention/treatment more difficult. Distinguishing between ASDs and other diagnoses can be challenging because the traits of ASDs often overlap with symptoms of other disorders and the characteristics of ASDs make traditional diagnostic procedures difficult. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Autism spectrum - Comorbidity 1 The most common medical condition occurring in individuals with autism spectrum disorders is seizure disorder or epilepsy, which occurs in 11-39% of individuals with ASD. Tuberous sclerosis, a medical condition in which non-malignant tumors grow in the brain and on other vital organs, occurs in 1-4% of individuals with ASDs. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Autism spectrum - Comorbidity Intellectual disabilities are some of the most common comorbid disorders with ASDs. Recent estimates suggest that 4069% of individuals with ASD have some degree of mental retardation, with females more likely to be in severe range of mental retardation. Learning disabilities are also highly comorbid in individuals with an ASD. Approximately 25-75% of individuals with an ASD also have some degree of learning disability. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Autism spectrum - Comorbidity 1 A variety of anxiety disorders tend to cooccur with autism spectrum disorders, with overall comorbidity rates of 7-84%. Rates of comorbid Depression (mood)|depression in individuals with an ASD range from 4–58%. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Autism spectrum - Comorbidity 1 Deficits in ASD are often linked to behavior problems, such as difficulties following directions, being cooperative, and doing things on other people's terms. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-like symptoms are seen to be part of the ASD diagnosis. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Major depressive disorder - Comorbidity 1 The 1990–92 National Comorbidity Survey (US) reports that 51% of those with major depression also suffer from lifetime anxiety https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Major depressive disorder - Comorbidity 1 Depression and pain often co-occur. One or more pain symptoms are present in 65% of depressed patients, and anywhere from 5 to 85% of patients with pain will be suffering from depression, depending on the setting; there is a lower prevalence in general practice, and higher in specialty clinics. The diagnosis of depression is often delayed or missed, https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Major depressive disorder - Comorbidity 1 Depression is also associated with a 1.5to 2-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease, independent of other known risk factors, and is itself linked directly or indirectly to risk factors such as smoking and obesity https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Conduct disorder - Comorbidity In this way, there seems to be reciprocal effects of comorbidity with certain disorders, leading to increased overall risk for these youth. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Neuroeducation - A bidirectional relationship 1 Katzir and Pareblagoev (2006) suggest the example of dyslexia research as a model of how this bidirectional collaboration might be achieved https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Social anxiety disorder - Comorbidity There is a high degree of comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Social anxiety disorder - Comorbidity 1 Although the DSM-IV criteria state that an individual cannot receive a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder if their symptoms are better accounted for by one of the autism spectrum disorders such as autism and Asperger syndrome, some people suffer from these disorders along with social anxiety disorder. One study found a comorbidity of 28%, and it is more common in higher-functioning individuals https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Social anxiety disorder - Comorbidity 1 Because of its close relationship and overlapping symptoms with other illnesses, treating people with social phobia may help understand underlying connection in other psychiatric disorders https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabinoid - Cannabidiol 1 Cannabidiol has also been shown to act as a 5-HT1A receptor|5-HT1A receptor agonist, an action that is involved in its antidepressant, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective effects. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabinoid - Cannabidiol It appears to relieve convulsion, inflammation, anxiety, and nausea. CBD has a greater affinity for the CB2 receptor than for the CB1 receptor. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabinoid - Cannabidiol CBD shares a wiktionary:Precursor|precursor with THC and is the main cannabinoid in low-THC Cannabis strains. CBD apparently plays a role in preventing the short-term memory loss associated with THC in mammals. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabinoid - Cannabidiol Some research suggests that the antipsychotic effects of cannabidiol potentially represent a novel mechanism in the treatment of schizophrenia. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabinoid - Cannabidiol 1 Researchers at California Pacific Medical Center discovered CBD's ability to turn off the activity of ID1, the gene responsible for metastasis in breast and other types of cancers, including the particularly aggressive triple negative breast cancer.[http://www.sfgate.com/health/articl e/Pot-compound-seen-as-tool-againstcancer-3875562.php#ixzz2GZmg5kGr Pot compound seen as tool against cancer https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabinoid - Cannabidivarin 1 Although cannabidivarin (CBDV) is usually a minor constituent of the cannabinoid profile, enhanced levels of CBDV have been reported in feral cannabis plants from the northwest Himalayas, and in hashish from Nepal. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cognitive epidemiology - Overall mortality and morbidity 1 A strong inverse correlation between early life intelligence and mortality has been shown across different populations, in different countries, and in different epochs. Various explanations for these findings have been proposed: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cognitive epidemiology - Overall mortality and morbidity First, ...intelligence is associated with more education, and thereafter with more professional occupations 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cognitive epidemiology - Overall mortality and morbidity that might place the person in healthier environments. ...Second, people with higher intelligence might engage in more healthy behaviours. ...Third, mental test scores from early life might act as a record of insults to the brain that have occurred before that date. ...Fourth, mental test scores obtained in youth might be an indicator of a well-put-together 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cognitive epidemiology - Overall mortality and morbidity 1 A study of one million Swedish men found showed a strong link between cognitive ability and the risk of death. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cognitive epidemiology - Overall mortality and morbidity 1 quote|People with higher IQ test scores tend to be less likely to smoke or drink alcohol heavily. They also eat better diets, and they are more physically active. So they have a range of better behaviours that may partly explain their lower mortality risk.|-Dr. David Batty https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cognitive epidemiology - Overall mortality and morbidity 1 A similar study of 4,289 former US soldiers showed a similar relationship between IQ and Mortality rate|mortality. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cognitive epidemiology - Overall mortality and morbidity The strong correlation between intelligence and mortality has raised questions as to how better public education could delay mortality. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cognitive epidemiology - Overall mortality and morbidity There is a known inverse correlation between socioeconomic position and health. A 2006 study found that controlling for IQ caused a marked reduction in this association. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Personality disorder - Comorbidity There is a considerable personality disorder diagnostic co-occurrence. Patients who meet the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for one personality disorder are likely to meet the diagnostic criteria for another. Diagnostic categories provide clear, vivid descriptions of discrete personality types but the personality structure of actual patients might be more accurately described by a constellation of 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Personality disorder - Comorbidity 1 Sites used DSM-III-R criterion sets. Data obtained for purposes of informing the development of the DSM-IV-TR personality disorder diagnostic criteria. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Personality disorder - Comorbidity 'Abbreviations used:' PPD – Paranoid Personality Disorder, SzPD – Schizoid Personality Disorder, StPD – Schizotypal Personality Disorder, ASPD – Antisocial Personality Disorder, BPD – Borderline Personality Disorder, HPD – Histrionic Personality Disorder, NPD – Narcissistic Personality Disorder, AvPD – Avoidant Personality Disorder, DPD – Dependent Personality Disorder, OCPD – Obsessive1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Haloperidol - Psychosis and general morbidity 1 Larger, controlled studies of randomized populations must be performed to differentiate medication-induced from behavior-induced morbidity before definitive conclusions can be drawn. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Promoter (biology) - Bidirectional promoters (mammalian) 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2005.04.027 About 11% of human genes are bidirectionally paired. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Promoter (biology) - Bidirectional promoters (mammalian) 1 Functional consequences of bidirectional promoters https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Promoter (biology) - Bidirectional promoters (mammalian) Some functional classes of genes are more likely to be bidirectionally paired than others. Genes implicated in DNA repair are five times more likely to be regulated by bidirectional promoters than by unidirectional promoters. Chaperone proteins are three times more likely, and mitochondrial genes are more than twice as likely. Many basic Housekeeping gene|housekeeping and cellular metabolic 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Promoter (biology) - Bidirectional promoters (mammalian) 1 The overrepresentation of bidirectionally paired DNA repair genes associates these promoters with cancer. Forty-five percent of human somatic oncogenes seem to be regulated by bidirectional promoters significantly more than non-cancer causing genes. Hypermethylation of the promoters between gene pairs WNT9A/CD558500, CTDSPL/BC040563, and KCNK15/BF195580 has been associated https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Promoter (biology) - Bidirectional promoters (mammalian) 1 Transcription factor binding and modified histones in human bidirectional promoters https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Promoter (biology) - Bidirectional promoters (mammalian) It has been hypothesized that the recruitment and initiation of RNA Polymerase II usually begins bidirectionally, but divergent transcription is halted at a checkpoint later during elongation 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Synchronous Digital Hierarchy - Bidirectional line-switched ring 1 Bidirectional line-switched ring (BLSR) comes in two varieties: two-fiber BLSR and four-fiber BLSR https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Synchronous Digital Hierarchy - Bidirectional line-switched ring 1 BLSRs can operate within a metropolitan region or, often, will move traffic between municipalities https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Blindness - Comorbidities 1 Blindness can occur in combination with such conditions as intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, hearing impairments, and epilepsy. In a study of 228 visually impaired children in Atlanta metropolitan area|metropolitan Atlanta between 1991 and 1993, 154 (68%) had an additional disability besides visual impairment. Blindness in combination with hearing loss is known as https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Blindness - Comorbidities It has been estimated that over half of totally blind people have non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder, a condition in which a person's circadian rhythm is longer than 24 hours. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units 1 *Because optical properties depend on suspended particle size, a stable synthetic material called Formazin with uniform particle size is often used as a standard for calibration and reproducibility.Formazin was first used for standardizing turbidity measurements in 1926. The unit is called Formazin Turbidity Unit (FTU). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units 1 *Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) specified by United States Environmental Protection Agency is a special case of FTU, where a white light source and certain geometrical properties of the measurement apparatus are specified. (Sometimes the alternate form nephelos turbidity units is used[http://www.freepatentsonline.co https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units 1 United States Patent 5034211, Filing date 1990-10-29, Publication date 1991-0723[http://www.floridaconservation.org/code book/2006/Deptartment_of_Agriculture_an d_Consumer_Services.pdf Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 2006 Codebook Chapter 5L-1: The Comprehensive Shellfish Control code]) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units *Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU), prescribed for 9 measurements of turbidity in water treatment by ISO 7027, another special case of FTU with near infrared light (NIR) and 90° scatter. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units *Formazin Attenuation Units (FAU) specified by ISO 7027 for water treatment standards for turbidity measurements at 0°, also a special case of FTU. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units 1 *Formazin Backscatter Units (FBU), not part of a standard, is the unit of optical backscatter detectors (OBS), measured at c. 180°, also a special case of FTU. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units 1 *European Brewery Convention (EBC) turbidity units https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units 1 *Concentration Units (C.U.) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units 1 *Jackson Candle Turbidity Units (JTU; an early measure) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units *American Society of Brewing Chemists (ASBCFTU) turbidity units 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units 1 *Parts Per Million of standard substance, such as PPM/DE (Kieselguhr) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units 1 *Trübungseinheit/Formazin (TE/F) a German standard, now replaced by the FNU unit. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units 1 *diatomaceous earth (ppm SiO2) an older standard, now obsolete https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units The most generally applicable unit is Formazin Turbidity Unit ('FTU'), although different measurement methods can give quite different values as reported in FTU (see below). 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Nephelometer - Turbidity units Gas-phase nephelometers are also used to study the atmosphere 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Subsurface currents - Turbidity current 1 There is one additional effect of turbidity currents: upwelling https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Contourite - Modified drift-turbidite systems 1 Croix were studied by Stanley (1993) in which he found an ancient analog of an alternating turbidite and contourite deposit and generated a stratigraphic model of a continuum from a turbidite dominant environment to a contourite dominant one. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Contourite - Modified drift-turbidite systems Stanley (1993) proposes that the transition from a turbidite to a contourite involves a continuous transition from a sandy deposit to lenticular bedding passing through wavy bedding. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium Natural rubidium is a mix of two isotopes: 85Rb, the only stable one, constitutes 72% of it 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium 1 German chemists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered rubidium in 1861 by the newly developed method of Atomic emission spectroscopy#Flame emission spectroscopy|flame spectroscopy. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium Rubidium's compounds have various chemical and electronic applications. Rubidium metal is easily vaporized and has a convenient spectral absorption range, making it a frequent target for laser manipulation of atoms. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium Rubidium is not known to be necessary for any organism|living organisms. However, rubidium ions are handled by living organisms in a manner similar to potassium ions, being actively taken up by plants and by animal cells. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium - Characteristics 1 Rubidium and potassium show a very similar purple color in the flame test, which makes spectroscopy methods necessary to distinguish the two elements. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium - Compounds 1 Rubidium silver iodide (RbAg4I5) has the highest room temperature electrical conductivity|conductivity of any known ionic crystal, a property that is being exploited in thin film battery (electricity)|batteries and other applications. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium - Compounds Rubidium has a number of Rubidium oxide|oxides, including rubidium monoxide (Rb2O), Rb6O and Rb9O2, which form if rubidium metal is exposed to air; rubidium in excess oxygen gives the superoxide RbO2. Rubidium forms salts with halides, making rubidium fluoride, rubidium chloride, rubidium bromide, and rubidium iodide. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium - Isotopes 1 Aside from 85Rb and 87Rb, another 24 synthetically produced isotopes of rubidium are known, with half times of under 3months; most of these are highly radioactive and have few uses. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium - Isotopes 1 The dates indicate the true age of the minerals only if the rocks have not been subsequently altered (see rubidiumstrontium dating). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium - Isotopes Rubidium-82, one of the element's nonnatural isotopes, is produced by electron capture|electron-capture decay of strontium-82 with a half-life of 25.36days. The subsequent decay of rubidium-82 with a half-life of 76 seconds to stable krypton82 happens by positron emission. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Tidal barrage - Turbidity Turbidity (the amount of matter in suspension in the water) decreases as a result of smaller volume of water being exchanged between the basin and the sea. This lets light from the Sun penetrate the water further, improving conditions for the phytoplankton. The changes propagate up the food chain, causing a general change in the ecosystem. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Global health - Morbidity 1 Morbidity measures include incidence rate, prevalence and cumulative incidence. Incidence rate is the risk of developing some new condition within a specified period of time. Although sometimes loosely expressed simply as the number of new cases during some time period, it is better expressed as a proportion or a rate with a denominator. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Hippocampal prosthesis - Bidirectional communication 1 In order to fully assume the function of the damaged hippocampus the prosthesis must be able to communicate with the existing tissue in a bidirectional manner. in other words the implant must be able to receive information from the brain and give an appropriate and compressible feedback to the surrounding nerve cell.W.BERGER, THEODORE. TOWARD REPLACEMENT PARTS FOR THE BRAIN. Chap 12 Brainimplantable Electronics as a Neural Prosthesis for hippocampal memory Function. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Basenji - Morbidity Among 78 live dogs in the 2004 UKC survey, the most common health issues noted by owners were dermatologic and urologic (urologic issues in Basenjis can be signs of Fanconi syndrome). 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Premature birth - Mortality and morbidity The shorter the term of pregnancy, the greater the risks of mortality and morbidity for the baby primarily due to the related prematurity. Preterm-premature babies have an increased risk of death in the first year of life (infant mortality), with most of that occurring in the first month of life (neonatal mortality). Worldwide, prematurity accounts for 10% of neonatal mortality, or around 500,000 deaths per year. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Premature birth - Mortality and morbidity 1 In the U.S. where many infections and other causes of neonatal death have been markedly reduced, prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal mortality at 25%. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Premature birth - Mortality and morbidity Prematurely born infants are also at greater risk for having subsequent serious chronic health problems as discussed below. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Premature birth - Mortality and morbidity 1 The earliest gestational age at which the infant has at least a 50% chance of survival is referred to as the limit of viability. As NICU care has improved over the last 40 years, viability has reduced to approximately 24 weeks, https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Premature birth - Mortality and morbidity — in particular see [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/co ntent-nw/full/117/1/22/T1 TABLE 1 Survival and Neurologic Disability Rates Among Extremely Premature Infants] 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Premature birth - Mortality and morbidity although rare survivors have been documented as early as 21 weeks.[http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNe ws/story/CTVNews/20070220/baby_prem ature_070219/20070220?hub=CTVNewsA t11] This date is controversial, as gestation in the case reported was measured from the known date of conception (by IVF) rather than, as usual, the date of the mother's last menstrual period, making 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Premature birth - Mortality and morbidity As risk of brain damage and developmental delay is significant at that threshold even if the infant survives, there are medical ethics|ethical controversies over the aggressiveness of the care rendered to such infants. The limit of viability has also become a factor in the abortion debate. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Correlation does not imply causation - A causes B and B causes A (bidirectional causation) :Increased pressure is associated with increased temperature. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Correlation does not imply causation - A causes B and B causes A (bidirectional causation) 1 The ideal gas law, PV=nRT, describes the direct relationship between pressure and temperature (along with other factors) to show that there is a direct correlation between the two properties. For a fixed volume and mass of gas, an increase in temperature causes an increase in pressure; likewise, increased pressure causes an increase in temperature. This demonstrates bidirectional causation. The conclusion that pressure causes temperature is true but is not logically guaranteed by the premise. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Abiding Truth Ministries 1 The Southern Poverty Law Center regards Abiding Truth Ministries as a hate group. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Abiding Truth Ministries - History 1 Abiding Truth Ministries was founded by Scott Lively, an American author, attorney and activist, noted for his LGBT rights opposition|opposition to LGBT rights and his involvement in the ex-gay movement https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Abiding Truth Ministries - History ATM has contributed to organizations including NARTH, American Family Association, Americans for Truth about Homosexuality, Parents' Rights Coalition, Family Research Institute and Mission: America. Lively is the former state director for the California branch of the American Family Association 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Abiding Truth Ministries - History 1 Along with Kevin E https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Abiding Truth Ministries - History The Southern Poverty Law Center regards Abiding Truth Ministries as a hate group. Lively has responded in his blog.[http://www.exposethesplc.blogsp ot.com/ HatewatchWatch]. Blogger (service)|Blogspot. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Abiding Truth Ministries - Positions and issues 1 ATM promotes its message via its Defend the Family website. The website's mission statement is to promote and defend the Biblical view of marriage and family through... education, training, and funding. The Resources section sells books by Lively. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Abiding Truth Ministries - Positions and issues 1 ATM has influenced the upsurge in politicized homophobia in Uganda https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Antisocial personality disorder - Comorbidity When combined with alcoholism, people may show frontal function deficits on neuropsychological tests greater than those associated with each condition. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Earthquake liquefaction - Turbidity currents Investigators suggested that a 60mile-per-hour (100km/h) submarine landslide or turbidity current of water saturated sediments swept 400 miles (600km) down the continental slope from the earthquake’s epicenter, snapping the cables as it passed. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Correlates of crime - General morbidity 1 Criminals probably suffer from more illnesses. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity A 'disease' is an abnormal condition that affects the body of an organism 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity 1 Death due to disease is called death by natural causes https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Concepts In many cases, the terms disease, disorder, morbidity and illness are used interchangeably. In some situations, specific terms are considered preferable. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Concepts :The term disease broadly refers to any condition that impairs normal function, and is therefore associated with dysfunction of normal homeostasis 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Concepts :Illness and sickness are generally used as synonyms for disease. However, this term is occasionally used to refer specifically to the patient's personal experience of his or her disease. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Concepts 1 :In this model, it is possible for a person to have a disease without being ill (to have an objectively definable, but asymptomatic, medical condition), and to be ill without being diseased (such as when a person perceives a normal experience as a medical condition, or medicalization|medicalizes a non-disease situation in his or her life) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Concepts 1 :In medicine, a 'disorder' is a functional abnormality or disturbance https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Concepts 1 :A 'medical condition' is a broad term that includes all diseases and disorders https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Concepts 1 :As it is more value-neutral than terms like disease, the term medical condition is sometimes preferred by people with health issues that they do not consider deleterious. On the other hand, by emphasizing the medical nature of the condition, this term is sometimes rejected, such as by proponents of the autism rights movement. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Concepts :The term medical condition is also a synonym for medical state, in which case it describes an individual patient's current state from a medical standpoint. This usage appears in statements that describe a patient as being in critical condition, for example. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Concepts Comorbidity is the simultaneous presence of two or more medical conditions, such as schizophrenia and substance abuse. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Concepts 1 :In epidemiology and actuarial science, the term morbidity rate can refer to either the incidence (epidemiology)|incidence rate, or the prevalence of a disease or medical condition. This measure of sickness is contrasted with the mortality rate of a condition, which is the proportion of people dying during a given time interval. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Concepts :A syndrome is the association of several medical signs, symptoms, and or other characteristics that often occur together. Some syndromes, such as Down syndrome, have only one cause; others, such as Parkinsonian syndrome, have multiple possible causes. In other cases, the cause of the syndrome is unknown. A familiar syndrome name often remains in use even after an underlying cause has been found, or when there are a number of different possible primary causes. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Concepts 1 :'Predisease' is a type of disease creep or medicalization in which currently healthy people with risk factors for disease, but no evidence of actual disease, are told that they are sick. Prediabetes and prehypertension are common examples. Labeling a healthy person with predisease can result in overtreatment, such as taking drugs that only help people with severe disease, or in useful preventive measures, such as motivating the person to get a healthful amount of physical exercise. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Types 1 ;Infectious diseases https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Types 1 ;Contagious diseases https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Types 1 :Foodborne illness or food poisoning is any illness resulting from the consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, toxins, viruses, prions or parasites. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Types 1 ;Communicable diseases https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Types 1 ;Non-communicable diseases https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Types :A lifestyle disease is any disease that appears to increase in frequency as countries become more industrialized and people live longer, especially if the risk factors include behavioral choices like a sedentary lifestyle or a diet high in unhealthful foods such as refined carbohydrates, trans fats, or alcoholic beverages. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Types 1 :Mental illness is a broad, generic label for a category of illnesses that may include affective or emotional instability, behavioral dysregulation, and/or cognitive dysfunction or impairment https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Types 1 :An organic disease is one caused by a physical or physiological change to some tissue or organ of the body. The term sometimes excludes infections. It is commonly used in contrast with mental disorders. It includes emotional and behavioral disorders if they are due to changes to the physical structures or functioning of the body, such as after a stroke or a traumatic brain injury, but not if they are due to psychosocial issues. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Scope 1 :A localized disease is one that affects only one part of the body, such as athlete's foot or an eye infection. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Scope 1 :A disseminated disease has spread to other parts; with cancer, this is usually called metastatic disease. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Scope 1 :A systemic disease is a disease that affects the entire body, such as influenza or hypertension|high blood pressure. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Causes and transmissibility 1 Only some diseases such as influenza are contagious and commonly believed infectious https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Causes and transmissibility 1 Some diseases, such as most (but not all) forms of cancer, heart disease and mental disorders, are non-infectious diseases. Many non-infectious diseases have a partly or completely genetic basis (see genetic disorder) and may thus be transmitted from one generation to another. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Causes and transmissibility 1 Social determinants of health are the social conditions in which people live that determine their health https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Causes and transmissibility When the cause of a disease is poorly understood, societies tend to mythologize the disease or use it as a metaphor or symbol of whatever that culture considers evil. For example, until the bacterial cause of tuberculosis was discovered in 1882, experts variously ascribed the disease to hereditary disease|heredity, a sedentary lifestyle, depression (mood)|depressed mood, and overindulgence in sex, rich food, or alcohol— all the social ills of the time. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Burdens of disease 1 Disease burden is the impact of a health problem in an area measured by financial cost, mortality, morbidity, or other indicators. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Burdens of disease 1 There are several measures used to quantify the burden imposed by diseases on people https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Burdens of disease 1 A disease that has high morbidity, but low mortality, has a high DALY and a low YPLL https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Burdens of disease :Standard DALYs (3% discounting, age weights). 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Burdens of disease 1 :[http://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/global _burden_disease/DALY14_2004.xls DALY spreadsheet] https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Burdens of disease 1 :[http://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/global _burden_disease/YLL14_2004.xls YLL spreadsheet]. In the developed world, heart disease and stroke cause the most loss of life, but neuropsychiatric conditions like major depressive disorder cause the most years lost to being sick. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Prevention 1 Many diseases and disorders can be prevented through a variety of means. These include sanitation, proper nutrition, adequate exercise, vaccinations, circumcision of male infants, and other self-care and public health measures. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Treatments 1 Medical therapies or treatments are efforts to cure or improve a disease or other health problem. In the medical field, therapy is synonymous with the word treatment. Among psychologists, the term may refer specifically to psychotherapy or talk therapy. Common treatments include medications, surgery, medical devices, and self-care. Treatments https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Treatments 1 A Preventive medicine|prevention or preventive therapy is a way to avoid an injury, sickness, or disease in the first place https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Treatments 1 Treatment for medical emergencies must be provided promptly, often through an emergency department or, in less critical situations, through an urgent care facility. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Epidemiology Epidemiology is the study of the factors that cause or encourage diseases. Some diseases are more common in certain geographic areas, among people with certain genetic or socioeconomic characteristics, or at different times of the year. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Epidemiology 1 Epidemiology is considered a cornerstone methodology of public health research, and is highly regarded in evidence-based medicine for identifying risk factors for disease https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Epidemiology 1 In studying diseases, epidemiology faces the challenge of defining them. Especially for poorly understood diseases, different groups might use significantly different definitions. Without an agreed-on definition, different researchers may report different numbers of cases and characteristics of the disease. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Epidemiology Some morbidity databases are compiled with data supplied by states and territories health authorities, at national level (National hospital morbidity database (NHMD), for example[http://www.aihw.gov.au/national-hospitalmorbidity-database/ National hospital morbidity database] retrieved 2013-07-11 [http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function= getSurveySDDS=3203Item_Id=1724 database containing demographic, administrative and clinical data on inpatient hospitalizations in Canada.]), or at European scale (European Hospital Morbidity Database or HMDB[http://data.euro.who.int/hmdb/ European Hospital Morbidity Database] wich contains hospital discharge data by detailed diagnosis, age and sex, which were submitted by European countries to the WHO Regional Office for Europe.; World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe ; updated oct 2012, retrieved 2013-07-11) but not yet at world scale. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Social and cultural responses How a society responds to diseases is the subject of medical sociology. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Social and cultural responses A condition may be considered a disease in some cultures or eras but not in others. For example, obesity can represent wealth and abundance, and is a status symbol in famineprone areas and some places hard-hit by AIDS wasting|HIV/AIDS. Epilepsy is considered a sign of spiritual gifts among the Hmong people. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Social and cultural responses 1 Sickness confers the social legitimization of certain benefits, such as illness benefits, work avoidance, and being looked after by others https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Social and cultural responses 1 Most religions grant exceptions from religious duties to people who are sick. For example, one whose life would be endangered by fasting on Yom Kippur or during Ramadan is exempted from the requirement, or even forbidden from participating. People who are sick are also exempted from social duties. For example, ill health is the only socially acceptable reason for an https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Social and cultural responses The identification of a condition as a disease, rather than as simply a variation of human structure or function, can have significant social or economic implications 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Social and cultural responses 1 Leprosy|Lepers were people who were historically shunned because they had an infectious disease, and the term leper still evokes social stigma. Fear of disease can still be a widespread social phenomenon, though not all diseases evoke extreme social stigma. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity - Social and cultural responses 1 Social standing and economic status affect health https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Chronic pain - Comorbidities and sequelae 1 Chronic pain is associated with higher rates of depression and anxiety. Sleep disturbance, and insomnia due to medication and illness symptoms are often experienced by those with chronic pain. Chronic pain may contribute to decreased physical activity due to fear of exacerbating pain, often resulting in weight gain. Such comorbid disorders can be very difficult to treat due to the high potential of medication interactions, especially when the conditions are treated by different doctors. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Histrionic personality disorder - Comorbidity 1 Most histrionics also have other mental disorders https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Night eating syndrome - Co-morbidities NES is sometimes associated with excess weight; as many as 28% of individuals seeking gastric bypass surgery were found to suffer from NES in one study.O'Reardon, J.P., Stunkard, A.J., Allison, K.C 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter X - (Y85–Y89) Sequelae of external causes of morbidity and mortality 1 * () Sequelae of specified injuries https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter X - (Y90–Y98) Supplementary factors related to causes of morbidity and mortality classified elsewhere 1 * () Environmentalpollution-related condition https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Sadistic personality disorder - Comorbidity with other personality disorders Studies have found other types of illnesses, such as alcoholism, to have a high rate of comorbidity with sadistic personality disorder.http://www.sciencedirect.co m.proxy.bc.edu/science/article/pii/0 16517819390077T 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Sadistic personality disorder - Comorbidity with other personality disorders Because of its high level of comorbidity with other disorders, researchers have had some level of difficulty distinguishing sadistic personality disorder from other forms of personality disorder. While sadistic personality disorder itself is no longer included in the DSM, partially for this reason, other types of disorders involving sadism, such as sexual sadism, are still found in the DSM as paraphilias. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Borderline personality disorder - Differential diagnosis and comorbidity Lifetime comorbid (co-occurring) conditions are common in BPD. Compared to those diagnosed with other personality disorders, people with BPD showed a higher rate of also meeting criteria for 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Borderline personality disorder - Differential diagnosis and comorbidity * mood disorders, including major depression and bipolar disorder 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Borderline personality disorder - Differential diagnosis and comorbidity 1 * anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder|posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Borderline personality disorder - Differential diagnosis and comorbidity * eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Exercise addiction - Comorbidity 1 An addiction, by definition, includes repeated compulsive behaviors that negatively affect daily living https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Psychopaths - Comorbidity 1 Studies especially suggest strong comorbidity with antisocial personality disorder https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Psychopaths - Comorbidity 1 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is known to be highly comorbid with conduct disorder (a theorized precursor to ASPD), and may also cooccur with psychopathic tendencies https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Psychopaths - Comorbidity 1 It has been suggested that psychopathy may be comorbid with several other conditions than these, but limited work on comorbidity has been carried out. This may be partly due to difficulties in using inpatient groups from certain institutions to assess comorbidity, owing to the likelihood of some bias in sample selection. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Irritable bowel syndrome - Comorbidities Researchers have identified several medical conditions, or comorbidities, which appear with greater frequency in patients diagnosed with IBS. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Irritable bowel syndrome - Comorbidities * 'Headache, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and depression': A study of 97,593 individuals with IBS identified comorbidities such as headache, fibromyalgia, and depression. A systematic review found that IBS occurs in 51% of chronic fatigue syndrome patients and 49% of fibromyalgia patients, and psychiatric disorders were found to occur in 94% 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Irritable bowel syndrome - Comorbidities 1 * 'Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)': Some researchers have suggested that IBS is a type of low-grade inflammatory bowel disease https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Irritable bowel syndrome - Comorbidities 1 * 'Abdominal surgery': A 2008 study found that IBS patients were at increased risk of having unnecessary cholecystectomy (gall bladder removal surgery) not due to an increased risk of gallstones, but rather to abdominal pain, awareness of having gallstones, and inappropriate surgical indications https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Irritable bowel syndrome - Comorbidities 1 * 'Endometriosis': One study reported a statistically significant link between migraine headaches, IBS, and endometriosis. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Irritable bowel syndrome - Comorbidities * 'Other chronic disorders': Interstitial cystitis may be associated with other chronic pain syndromes, such as irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia. The connection between these syndromes is unknown. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Shift work sleep disorder - Causes and comorbidities 1 Insomnia and wake-time sleepiness are related to misalignment between the timing of the non-standard wake–sleep schedule and the endogenous circadian rhythm|circadian propensity for sleep and wake https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Radiometric dating - Rubidium-strontium dating method This is based on the beta decay of rubidium-87 to strontium-87, with a half-life of 50 billion years. This scheme is used to date old igneous rocks|igneous and metamorphic rocks, and has also been used to date moon rock|lunar samples. Closure temperatures are so high that they are not a concern. Rubidium-strontium dating is not as precise as the uraniumlead method, with errors of 30 to 50 million years for a 3-billion-year-old sample. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Chronic fatigue syndrome - Co-morbidity Many CFS patients will also have, or appear to have, other medical problems or related diagnoses 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Airedale Terrier - Morbidity 1 Like most terriers, they have a propensity towards dermatitis https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Airedale Terrier - Morbidity An Airedale's coat was originally designed to protect the dog from its predators—the coat was designed to come out in the claws of the predator the dog was designed to hunt, leaving the dog unharmed 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Airedale Terrier - Morbidity 1 Gastric torsion, or bloat, affects Airedale Terriers. Bloat can turn and block the stomach, causing a buildup of gas. Bloat can be fatal, it can lead to cardiovascular collapse. Signs of bloat are gastric distress (stomach pain), futile attempts at vomiting, and increased salivation. Bloat usually occurs when the dog is exercised too soon after eating. They will eat up to 4-6 cups of food at a time. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Urine - Turbidity 1 Turbidity|Turbid (cloudy) urine may be a symptom of a bacterial infection, but can also be caused by crystallization of salts such as calcium phosphate. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Lymphocytic choriomeningitis - Morbidity and Mortality 1 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis is not a commonly reported infection in humans, though most infections are mild and are often never diagnosed https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Lymphocytic choriomeningitis - Morbidity and Mortality 1 More than 50 infants with congenital LCMV infection have been reported worldwide https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Lymphocytic choriomeningitis - Morbidity and Mortality Transplant-acquired lymphocytic choriomeningitis proves to have a very high morbidity and mortality rate. In the three clusters reported in the U.S. from 2005 to 2010, nine of the ten infected recipients died. One donor had been infected from a recently acquired pet hamster while the sources of the virus in the other cases were unknown. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 * () Unintentional: vehicle and traffic injuries https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 * () Unintentional: falling (accident)|falls https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents ** W20 Struck by thrown, projected or falling object 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W21 Striking against or struck by sports equipment https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W22 Striking against or struck by other objects https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents ** W23 Caught, crushed, jammed or pinched in or between objects 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents ** W29 Contact with other powered hand tools and household machinery 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W30 Contact with agricultural machinery https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W31 Contact with other and unspecified machinery https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents ** W33 Rifle, shotgun and larger firearm discharge 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W34 Discharge from other and unspecified firearms https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W35 Explosion and rupture (engineering)|rupture of boiler https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W36 Explosion and rupture of gas cylinder https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents ** W37 Explosion and rupture of pressurized Tire, pipe (material)|pipe or Hose (tubing)|hose 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W38 Explosion and rupture of other specified pressurized devices https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W43 Exposure to vibration https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W44 Foreign body entering into or through eye or natural orifice https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W49 Exposure to other and unspecified inanimate mechanical forces https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents * () Unintentional: hit/struck/wikt:bite|bitte n by person or animal 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W50 Hit, struck, kicked, twisted, bitten or scratched by another person https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W51 Striking against or bumped into by another person https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W55 Bitten or struck by other mammals https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W57 Bitten or stung by nonvenomous insect and other nonvenomous arthropods https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents ** W58 Bitten or struck by crocodile or alligator 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** W64 Exposure to other and unspecified animate mechanical forces https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 * () Unintentional: exposure to electrical current or radiation https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents * () Unintentional: fire/flames/hot objects 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents * () Unintentional: nature/natural environment|environmental 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents ** X20 Contact with venomous snakes and lizards 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** X21 Contact with venomous spiders https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** X24 Contact with centipedes and venomous millipedes (tropical) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** X25 Contact with other venomous arthropods https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** X26 Contact with venomous marine animals and plants https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** X27 Contact with other specified venomous animals https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents 1 ** X28 Contact with other specified venomous plants https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (V01–X59) Accidents ** X29 Contact with unspecified venomous animal or plant 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (X85–Y09) Assault * () Intentional: assault/homicide 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (X85–Y09) Assault 1 ** () Assault by drugs, medicaments and biotic material|biological substances https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (X85–Y09) Assault 1 ** () Assault by corrosive substance https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (X85–Y09) Assault 1 ** () Assault by other specified chemicals and Poison|noxious substances https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (X85–Y09) Assault 1 ** () Assault by unspecified chemical or Poison|noxious substance https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (X85–Y09) Assault 1 ** () Assault by drowning and wikt:submersion|submersion https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (X85–Y09) Assault 1 ** () Assault by rifle, shotgun and larger firearm discharge https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (X85–Y09) Assault ** () Assault by other and unspecified firearm discharge 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (X85–Y09) Assault 1 ** () Assault by explosive material https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (X85–Y09) Assault 1 ** () Assault by smoke, fire and flames https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (X85–Y09) Assault 1 ** () Assault by pushing from high place https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (X85–Y09) Assault 1 ** () Assault by pushing or placing victim before moving object https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (X85–Y09) Assault ** () Assault by crashing of motor vehicle 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10 Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality - (X85–Y09) Assault 1 ** () Sexual assault by bodily force https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol 1 'Cannabidiol' ('CBD') is one of at least 85 Psychoactive drug|active cannabinoids identified in cannabis. It is a major phytocannabinoid, accounting for up to 40% of the plant's extract. CBD is considered to have a wider scope of medical applications than tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). An orallyadministered liquid containing CBD has received orphan drug status in the US, for use as a treatment for dravet syndrome, under the brand name 'Epidiolex'. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Antimicrobial actions CBD absorbed transcutaneously may attenuate the increased sebum production at the root of acne, according to an untested hypothesis. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Neurological effects A 2010 study found that strains of cannabis containing higher concentrations of cannabidiol did not produce short-term memory impairment vs. strains with similar concentrations of THC, but lower concentrations of CBD. The researchers attributed this attenuation of memory effects to CBD's role as a Cannabinoid receptor#CB1|CB1 antagonist. Transdermal CBD is neuroprotective in 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Neurological effects 1 Cannabidiol's strong antioxidant properties have been shown to play a role in the compound's neuroprotection|neuroprotective and ischemia|anti-ischemic effects. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Psychotropic effect While there was no statistical difference between the two treatment groups, cannabidiol induced significantly fewer side effects (extrapyramidal symptoms, increase in prolactin, weight gain) when compared to amisulpride. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Psychotropic effect Studies have shown cannabidiol decreases activity of the limbic system and decreases social isolation induced by THC. Cannabidiol has also been shown to reduce anxiety in social anxiety disorder. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Psychotropic effect 1 Chronic cannabidiol administration in rats was found to produce anxiogenic-like effects, indicating that prolonged treatment with cannabidiol might incite anxiogenic effects. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Psychotropic effect 1 Those results have been contested by, and contradict whose experimentation cover the same duration. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Dravet syndrome 1 Dravet syndrome is a rare form of epilepsy that is difficult to treat https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - CBD-enhanced cannabis Decades ago, selective breeding by growers in US dramatically lowered the CBD content of cannabis; their customers preferred varietals that were more mindaltering due to a higher THC, lower CBD content. To meet the demands of medical cannabis patients, growers are currently developing more CBD-rich strains. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - CBD-enhanced cannabis 1 In November 2012, Tikun Olam, an Israeli medical cannabis facility announced a new strain of the plant which has only cannabidiol as an active ingredient, and virtually no THC, providing some of the medicinal benefits of cannabis without the euphoria https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Industrial hemp 1 Several industrial hemp varieties can be legally cultivated in western Europe. They might seem to contain very small portion of cannabinoid, which is true in one sense. Nevertheless a variety such as Fedora 17 has a cannabionoid profile consistently around 1% cannabidiol (CBD) with THC less than 0.1%. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Industrial hemp 1% is little though for 1kg of raw plant it yields 10g of pure CBD. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Industrial hemp Hemp world production is around 30000tonnes per year. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Pharmacodynamics While one would assume that this would cause cannabidiol to reduce the effects of THC, it may potentiate THC's effects by increasing Cannabinoid receptor#CB1|CB1 receptor density or through another Cannabinoid receptor#CB1|CB1-related mechanism 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Pharmacodynamics Cannabidiol's pharmacological effects have also been attributed to Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma|PPAR-γ receptor agonist|agonism and Intracellular signaling pathway#Calcium|intracellular calcium release. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Pharmacokinetic interactions 1 There is some preclinical evidence to suggest that cannabidiol may reduce THC clearance, modestly increasing THC's plasma concentrations resulting in a greater amount of THC available to receptors, increasing the effect of THC in a dose-dependent manner. Despite this the available evidence in humans suggests no significant effect of CBD on THC plasma levels. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Pharmaceutical preparations Nabiximols (United States Adopted Name|USAN, trade name 'Sativex') is an aerosolized mist for oral administration containing a near 1:1 ratio of CBD and THC. The drug was approved by Canadian authorities in 2005 to alleviate pain associated with multiple sclerosis.United States Adopted Names Council: [http://www.amaassn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/365/nabixi mols.pdf Statement on a nonproprietary name][http://www.gwpharm.com/ GWPharma- Welcome] 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Isomerism Based on: [http://arizona.openrepository.com/ariz ona/handle/10150/184033 Nagaraja, Kodihalli Nanjappa, Synthesis of delta3-cannabidiol and the derived rigid analogs, Arizona University 1987]. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Chemistry 1 Cannabidiol is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, such as pentane. At room temperature it is a colorless crystalline solid. In strongly basic medium and the presence of air it is oxidized to a quinone. Under acidic conditions it cyclizes to THC. The synthesis of cannabidiol has been accomplished by several research groups. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Biosynthesis 1 Cannabis produces CBD-carboxylic acid through the same metabolic pathway as THC, until the last step, where CBDA synthase performs catalysis instead of THCA synthase. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Legal status 1 Cannabidiol is not scheduled by the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Legal status Cannabidiol is a Schedule II drug in Canada.[http://lawslois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-38.8/page25.html#h-29 Controlled Drugs and Substances Act - Schedule II] 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Legal status 1 Cannabidiol's legal status in the United States: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Legal status 1 While the DEA Drug Schedule classifies THC (Tetrahydrocannabinols) and marijuana as Schedule I, cannabidiol is not found on the list.[http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/sch edules/orangebook/e_cs_sched.pdf CSA Schedule], List of drugs by schedule. Other synthetic cannabinoids such as JWH-019,073,081,122,200,203,250,398 are also listed in Schedule I, but https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Legal status 1 Hemp finished products, including hemp oil high in cannabidiol, are legal in the United States for this reason. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - Legal status 1 In other words, cannabidiol's legal status depends on where it is derived from, as cannabidiol itself is not scheduled. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - US patent The patent mentions cannabidiol's ability as an antiepileptic, to lower intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma, lack of toxicity or serious side effects in large acute doses, its neuroprotectant properties, its ability to prevent neurotoxicity mediated by NMDA, AMPA, or kainate receptors; its ability to attenuate glutamate toxicity, its ability to 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cannabidiol - US patent 1 On November 17, 2011, the Federal Register published that the National Institutes of Health of the United States Department of Health and Human Services was contemplating the grant of an exclusive patent license to practice the invention embodied in U.S. Patent 6,630,507 to the company KannaLife based in New York, for the development and sale of cannabinoid and cannabidiol based therapeutics for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in humans. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Irritable bowel - Comorbidities Several medical conditions, or comorbidities, appear with greater frequency in patients diagnosed with IBS. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Irritable bowel - Comorbidities * Neurological: A study of 97,593 individuals with IBS identified comorbidities such as headache, fibromyalgia, and depression. IBS occurs in 51% of chronic fatigue syndrome patients and 49% of fibromyalgia patients, and psychiatric disorders occur in 94% of IBS patients. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Irritable bowel - Comorbidities * Inflammatory bowel disease: IBS may be a type of low-grade inflammatory bowel disease. Researchers have suggested IBS and IBD are interrelated diseases, noting that patients with IBD experience IBSlike symptoms when their IBD is in remission. A three-year study found that patients diagnosed with IBS were 16.3 times more likely to be diagnosed 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Irritable bowel - Comorbidities 1 * Abdominal surgery: IBS patients were at increased risk of having unnecessary cholecystectomy|gall bladder removal surgery not due to an increased risk of gallstones, but rather to abdominal pain, awareness of having gallstones, and inappropriate surgical indications. These patients also are 87% more likely to undergo abdominal and pelvic surgery and three times https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Irritable bowel - Comorbidities 1 * Endometriosis: One study reported a statistically significant link between migraine headaches, IBS, and endometriosis. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Irritable bowel - Comorbidities 1 * Other chronic disorders: Interstitial cystitis may be associated with other chronic pain syndromes, such as irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia. The connection between these syndromes is unknown. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity 1 In medicine, 'comorbidity' is the presence of one or more additional disorders (or diseases) co-occurring with a primary disease or disorder; or the effect of such additional disorders or diseases. The additional disorder may also be a behavioral or mental disorder. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity In medicine, the term comorbid can be either medical condition(s) existing simultaneously but independently with another condition; or it can indicate a related medical condition or conditions. In psychiatric diagnoses it has been argued in part that this 'use of imprecise language may lead to correspondingly imprecise thinking', [and] this usage of the term 'comorbidity' should probably be avoided. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - In medicine 1 In medicine, comorbidity describes the effect of all other diseases an individual patient might have other than the primary disease of interest. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - In medicine Many tests attempt to standardize the weight or value of comorbid conditions, whether they are secondary or tertiary illnesses. Each test attempts to consolidate each individual comorbid condition into a single, predictive variable that measures mortality or other outcomes. Researchers have validated such tests because of their predictive value, but no one test is as yet recognized 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - In medicine 1 # to indicate a medical condition existing simultaneously but independently with another condition in a patient (this is the older and more correct definition) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - In medicine # to indicate a medical condition in a patient that causes, is caused by, or is otherwise related to another condition in the same patient (this is a newer, nonstandard definition and less wellaccepted). 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - In medicine 1 # to indicate two or more medical conditions existing simultaneously regardless of their causal relationship. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Charlson index Many variations of the Charlson comorbidity index have been presented, including the Charlson/Deyo, Charlson/Romano, Charlson/Manitoba, and Charlson/D'Hoores comorbidity indices. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Charlson index *1 each: Myocardial infarct, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, dementia, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lung disease, connective tissue disease, ulcer, chronic liver disease, diabetes. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Charlson index 1 *2 each: Hemiplegia, moderate or severe kidney disease, diabetes with end organ damage, tumor, leukemia, lymphoma. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Charlson index 1 *6 each: Malignant tumor, metastasis, AIDS. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Charlson index For a physician, this score is helpful in deciding how aggressively to treat a condition. For example, a patient may have cancer with comorbid heart disease and diabetes. These comorbidities may be so severe that the costs and risks of cancer treatment would outweigh its shortterm benefit. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Charlson index 1 Since patients often do not know how severe their conditions are, nurses were originally supposed to review a patient's chart and determine whether a particular condition was present in order to calculate the index. Subsequent studies have adapted the comorbidity index into a questionnaire for patients. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Charlson index 1 The Charlson index, espescially the Charlson/Deyo, followed by the Elixhauser have been most commonly referred by the comparative studies of comorbidity and multimorbidity measures. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Elixhauser comorbidity measure have derived and validated an Elixhauser comorbidity index that summarizes disease burden and can discriminate for in-hospital mortality. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Elixhauser comorbidity measure In addition, a systematic review and comparative analysis shows that among various comorbidities indices, Elixhauser index is a better predictor of the risk especially beyond 30 days of hospitalisation. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Diagnosis-related group 1 Patients who are more seriously ill tend to require more hospital resources than patients who are less seriously ill, even though they are admitted to the hospital for the same reason. Recognizing this, the diagnosis-related group (DRG) manually splits certain DRGs based on the presence of secondary diagnoses for specific complications or comorbidities (CC). The same applies to Healthcare Resource Groups (HRGs) in the UK. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Mental health 1 The Axis II personality disorders are often criticized because their comorbidity rates are excessively high, approaching 60% in some cases, indicating to critics the possibility that these categories of mental illness are too imprecisely distinguished to be usefully valid for diagnostic purposes and, thus, for deciding how treatment resources should be allocated. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Mental health 1 It has been argued that because 'the use of imprecise language may lead to correspondingly imprecise thinking', this usage of the term 'comorbidity' should probably be avoided. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Mental health 1 Due to its artifactual nature, psychiatric comorbidity has been considered as a Kuhnian anomaly leading the DSM to a scientific crisis and a comprehensive review on the matter considers comorbidity as an epistemological challenge to modern psychiatry. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Inception of the term In due course of time after its discovery, comorbidity was distinguished as a separate scientificresearch discipline in many branches of medicine. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Evolution of the term 1 van den Akker, determining comorbidity as the combination in a patient of 2 or more chronic diseases (disorders), pathogenetically related to each other or coexisting in a single patient independent of each disease’s activity in the patient. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Psychiatry Some of the models studied comorbidity as the presence in a person (patient) of more than one disorders (diseases) at a certain period of life, whereas the others elaborated the relative risk, for a person having one disease, of picking up other disorders. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - General medicine The influence of comorbidity on the clinical progression of the primary (basic) physical disorder, effectiveness of the medicinal therapy and immediate and long-term prognosis of the patients was researched by talented physicians and scientists of various medical fields in many countries across the globe 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Synonyms 1 * Multifactorial diseases https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Synonyms 1 * Dual diagnosis, used for mental health issues https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Epidemiology 1 It is hard not to notice the absence of comorbidity in the taxonomy (systematics) of disease, presented in ICD-10. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Clinico-pathological comparisons All the fundamental researches of medical documentation, directed towards the study of the spread of comorbidity and influence of its structure, were conducted till the 1990s. The sources of information, used by the researchers and scientists, working on the matter of comorbidity, were case histories, hospital records of patients and other medical 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Clinico-pathological comparisons The listed methods of obtaining medical information are mainly based on clinical experience and qualification of the physicians, carrying out clinically, instrumentally and laboratorially confirmed diagnosis. This is why despite their competence, they are highly subjective. No analysis of the results of postmortem of deceased patients was carried out for any of the 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Clinico-pathological comparisons 1 It is the duty of the doctor to carry out autopsy of the patients they treat, said once professor :ru:Мудров, Матвей Яковлевич|M. Y. Mudrov. Autopsy allows you to exactly determine the structure of comorbidity and the direct cause of death of each patient independent of his/her age, gender and gender specific characteristics. Statistical data of comorbid pathology, based on these sections, are mainly devoid of subjectivism. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Research The analysis of a decade long Australian research based on the study of patients having 6 widespread chronic diseases demonstrated that nearly half of the elderly patients with arthritis also had hypertension, 20% had cardiac disorders and 14% had type 2 diabetes. More than 60% of asthmatic patients complained of concurrent arthritis, 20% complained of 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Research In patients with chronic kidney disease (renal insufficiency) the frequency of coronary heart disease is 22% higher and new coronary events 3.4 times higher compared to patients without kidney function disorders. Progression of CKD towards end stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapy is accompanied by increasing prevalence of Coronary 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Research 1 A Canadian research conducted upon 483 obesity patients, it was determined that spread of obesity related accompanying diseases was higher among females than males. The researchers discovered that nearly 75% of obesity patients had accompanying diseases, which mostly included dyslipidemia, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. It is to be noted that among the young obesity patients (from 18 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Research 1 Fibromyalgia is a condition which is comorbid with several others, including but not limited to; depression, anxiety, headache, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, and panic disorder. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Research Fortin, based on the analysis of 980 case histories, taken from daily practice of a family doctor, the spread of comorbidity is from 69% in young patients, up to 93% among middle aged people and up to 98% patients of older age groups 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Research 1 According to Russian data, based on the study of more than three thousand postmortem reports (n=3239) of patients of physical pathologies, admitted at multidisciplinary hospitals for the treatment of chronic disorders (average age 67.8 ± 11.6 years), the frequency of comorbidity is 94.2%. Doctors mostly come across a combination of two to three disorders, but in rare cases (up to 2.7%) a single patient https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Research 1 The fourteen-year research conducted on 883 patients of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (Werlhof disease), conducted in Great Britain, shows that the given disease is related to a wide range of physical pathologies https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Research Overall the survivability rate of comorbid larynx cancer patients is 59% lower than the survivability rate of patients without comorbidity. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Research Except for therapists and general physicians, the problem of comorbidity is also often faced by specialists 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Research Based on the available clinical and scientific data it is possible to conclude that comorbidity has a range of undoubted properties, which characterize it as a heterogeneous and often encountered event, which enhances the seriousness of the condition and worsens the patient’s prospects. The heterogeneous character of comorbidity is due to the wide range of reasons causing it. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Causes 1 * Singular pathogenetic mechanism of a number of diseases https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Causes * Terminable causeeffect relation between the diseases 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Causes 1 * One disease resulting from complications of another https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Causes The factors responsible for the development of comorbidity can be chronic infections, inflammations, involutional and systematic metabolic changes, iatrogenesis, social status, ecology and genetic susceptibility. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Types The division of comorbidity as per syndromal and nosological principles is mainly preliminary and inaccurate, however it allows us to understand that comorbidity can be connected to a singular cause or common mechanisms of pathogenesis of the conditions, which sometimes explains the similarity in their clinical aspects, which makes it difficult to 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Types 1 * Etiological comorbidity: It is caused by concurrent damage to different organs and systems, which is caused by a singular pathological agent (for example due to alcoholism in patients suffering from chronic alcohol intoxication; pathologies associated with smoking; systematic damage due to collagenoses). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Types * Complicated comorbidity: It is the result of the primary disease and often subsequent after sometime after its destabilization appears in the shape of target lesions (for example chronic nephatony resulting from diabetic nephropathy (Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease) in patients with type 2 diabetes; development of brain infarction resulting from complications 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Types 1 * Iatrogenic comorbidity: It appears as a result of necessitated negative effect of the doctor on the patient, under the conditions of pre determine danger of one or the other medical procedure (for example, glucocorticosteroid osteoporosis in patients treated for a long time using systematic hormonal agents (preparations); drug-induced hepatitis https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Types 1 * Unspecified (NOS) comorbidity: This type assumes the presence of singular pathogenetic mechanisms of development of diseases, comprising this combination, but require a number of tests, proving the hypothesis of the researcher or physician (for example, erectile dysfunction as an early sign of general atherosclerosis (ASVD); occurrence of erosive-ulcerative https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Types 1 * Arbitrarycomorbidity: initial alogism of the combination of diseases is not proven, but soon can be explained with clinical and scientific point of view (for example, combination of coronary heart disease (CHD) and choledocholithiasis; combination of acquired heart valvular disease and psoriasis). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Structure There are a number of rules for the formulation of clinical diagnosis for comorbid patients, which must be followed by a practitioner. The main principle is to distinguish in diagnosis the primary and background diseases, as well as their complications and accompanying pathologies. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Structure * Primary disease: This is the nosological form, which itself or as a result of complications calls for the foremost necessity for treatment at the time due to threat to the patient’s life and danger of disability. Primary is the disease, which becomes the cause of seeking medical help or the reason for the patient’s death. If the patient has several primary diseases it is 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Structure * Rival diseases: These are the concurrent nosological forms in a patient, interdependent in etiologies and pathogenesis, but equally sharing the criterion of a primary disease (for example, transmural myocardial infarction and massive thromboembolism of pulmonary artery, caused by phlebemphraxis of lower limbs). For practicing 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Structure 1 * Polypathia: Diseases with different etiologies and pathogenesis, each of which separately could not cause death, but, concurring during development and reciprocally exacerbating each other, they cause the patient’s death (for example, osteoporotic fracture of the surgical neck of the femur and hypostatic pneumonia). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Structure 1 * Background disease: This helps in the occurrence of or adverse development of the primary disease increases its dangers and helps in the development of complications. This disease as well as the primary one requires immediate treatment (for example, type 2 diabetes). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Structure 1 In this case they must be identified as the cause of comorbidity https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Structure 1 * Associating diseases: Nosological units not connected etiologically and pathogenetically with the primary disease (Listed in the order of significance). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Diagnosis 1 There is no doubt in the significance of comorbidity, but how to evaluate (measure) it in a given patient? https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Clinical example Patient S., 73 years, called an ambulance because of a sudden pressing pain in the chest 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Methods of evaluation 1 There are currently several generally accepted methods of evaluating (measuring) comorbidity: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Methods of evaluation 1 This way patients S’s comorbidity in 73 years of age can be evaluated as of moderate severity (23 points out of 56), however it is not possible to evaluate the prognosis of the patient, because of the absence of the interpretation of the acquired results their connection with a number of prognostic characteristics.. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Methods of evaluation 1 # Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G): This system is similar to CIRS, but for aged patients, offered by M. D. Miller in 1991. This system takes into account the age of the patient and the peculiarities of the old age disorders.Miller M.D., Towers A. Manual of Guidelines for Scoring the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G) // https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Methods of evaluation Using this method patient S’s, age 73, comorbidity can be evaluated as of moderate severity (16 out of 36 points), however its prognostic value is unclear, because of the absence of the interpretation of the overall score, resulting from the accumulation of the patient’s diseases. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Methods of evaluation 1 In this case comorbidity of patient S, 73 years of age according to this method, is equivalent to mild state (9 out of 40 points). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Methods of evaluation # Modified Charlson Index: R. A. Deyo added chronic forms of ischemic cardiac disorder and the stages of chronic cardiac insufficiency to this index in 1992. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Methods of evaluation # Elixhauser Index: The Elixhauser comorbidity measure include 30 comorbidities, which are not simplified as an index. Elixhauser shows a better predictive performance for mortality risk especially beyond 30 days of hospitalization. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Methods of evaluation 1 For the evaluation of comorbidity the ICED index suggests to evaluate the patient’s condition separately as per two different components: Physiological functional characteristics https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Methods of evaluation # Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI): Developed in 2005. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Methods of evaluation 1 # Total Illness Burden Index (TIBI): Developed in 2007. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Methods of evaluation At the same time due to the inconsistency in approach to the analysis of comorbid state and absence of components of comorbidity in medical universitycourses, the practitioner is unclear about its prognostic effect, which makes the generally available systems of associated pathology evaluation unreasoned and therefore un-needed 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Treatment of comorbid patient 1 Comorbidity affects life prognosis and increases the chances of fatality https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Comorbidity - Treatment of comorbid patient These side-effects are not always considered by the doctors, because they are considered as the appearance of comorbidity and as a result become the reason for the prescription of even more drugs, sealing-in the vicious circle 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *V00-V09 Pedestrian injured in transport accident https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *V10-V19 Pedal cyclist injured in transport accident https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *V20-V29 Motorcycle rider injured in transport accident https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *V30-V39 Occupant of three-wheeled motor vehicle injured in transport accident https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) *V40-V49 Car occupant injured in transport accident 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *V50-V59 Occupant of pick-up truck or van injured in transport accident https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *V60-V69 Occupant of heavy transport vehicle injured in transport accident https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) *V70-V79 Bus occupant injured in transport accident 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *V98-V99 Other and unspecified transport accidents https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) *W00-X58 Other external causes of accidental injury 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) *W20-W49 Exposure to inanimate mechanical forces 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *W50-W64 Exposure to animate mechanical forces https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *W65-W74 Accidental drowning and submersion https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) *W85-W99 Exposure to electric current, radiation and extreme ambient air temperature and pressure 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *X00-X08 Exposure to smoke, fire and flames https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *X10-X19 Contact with heat and hot substances https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *X52, X58 Accidental exposure to other specified factors https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *Y62-Y84 Complications of medical and surgical care https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *Y62-Y69 Misadventures to patients during surgical and medical care https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) *Y70-Y82 Medical devices associated with adverse incidents in diagnostic and therapeutic use 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *Y83-Y84 Surgical and other medical procedures as the cause of abnormal reaction of the patient, or of later complication, without mention of misadventure at the time of the procedure https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html ICD-10-CM - CHAPTER 20 - External causes of morbidity (V01-Y99) 1 *Y90-Y99 Supplementary factors related to causes of morbidity classified elsewhere https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Depressive personality disorder - Comorbidity with Other Disorders Many researchers believe that depressive personality disorder is so highly comorbid with other depressive disorders, manicdepressive episodes and dysthymic disorder, that it is redundant to include it as a distinct diagnosis 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Depressive personality disorder - Comorbidity with Other Disorders 1 Comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders: the rule, not the expception? https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Mapping of Unicode characters - Bidirectional Neutral Formatting 1 Writing direction is the direction glyphs are placed on the page in relation to forward progression of characters in the Unicode string https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Mapping of Unicode characters - Bidirectional Neutral Formatting 1 Some of these characters also have a bidi-mirrored property indicating the glyph should be rendered in mirrorimage when used in right-to-left text. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Mapping of Unicode characters - Bidirectional Neutral Formatting The render-time directional type of a neutral character can remain ambiguous when the mark is placed on the boundary between directional changes. To address this, Unicode includes two characters that have strong directionality, have no glyph associated with them, and are ignorable by systems that do not process bidirectional text: 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Mapping of Unicode characters - Bidirectional Neutral Formatting 1 * Left-to-right mark (U+200E) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Mapping of Unicode characters - Bidirectional Neutral Formatting 1 * Right-to-left mark (U+200F) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Mapping of Unicode characters - Bidirectional Neutral Formatting Surrounding a bidirectionally neutral character by the left-to-right mark will force the character to behave as a left-to-right character while surrounding it by the rightto-left mark will force it to behave as a right-to-left character. The behavior of these characters is detailed in Unicode’s Bidirectional Algorithm. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Mapping of Unicode characters - Bidirectional General Formatting While Unicode is designed to handle multiple languages, multiple writing systems and even text that flows either left-to-right or right-to-left with minimal author intervention, there are special circumstances where the mix of bidirectional text can become intricate— requiring more author control. For these circumstances, Unicode includes five other characters to control the complex 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Mapping of Unicode characters - Bidirectional General Formatting 1 * Left-to-right embedding (U+202A) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Mapping of Unicode characters - Bidirectional General Formatting 1 * Pop directional formatting (U+202C) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Samatha - Nine mental abidings 1 1998 ISBN 1-55939-106-5 pg 19 Asaṅga delineates the nine mental abidings in his Abhidharmasamuccaya and the Śrāvakabhūmi chapter of his Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Samatha - Nine mental abidings ::1. 'Placement of the mind' (S. cittasthāpana, Tib. འཇོག་པ - sems ’jogpa) occurs when the practitioner is able to place his attention on the object of meditation, but is unable to maintain that attention for very long. Distractions, dullness of mind and other hindrances are common. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Samatha - Nine mental abidings ::2. 'Continuous attention' (S. samsthāpana, Tib. རྒྱུན་དུ་འཇོག་པ - rgyun-du ‘jog-pa) occurs when the practitioner experiences moments of continuous attention on the object before becoming distracted. According to B Alan Wallace, this is when you can maintain your attention on the meditation object for about a minute.[http://wisdompubs.org/Pages/sear 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Samatha - Nine mental abidings 1 ::3 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Samatha - Nine mental abidings 1 ::4 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Samatha - Nine mental abidings དུལ་བར་བྱེད་པ - dul-bar byed-pa), by this stage the practitioner achieves deep tranquility of mind, but must be watchful for subtle forms of laxity or dullness, peaceful states of mind which can be confused for calm abiding 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Samatha - Nine mental abidings 1 ::6 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Samatha - Nine mental abidings ::7. 'Fully pacified attention' (S. vyupaśamana,Tib. རྣམ་པར་ཞི་བར་བྱེད་པ་ - nye-bar zhi-bar byed-pa), although the practitioner may still experience of subtle excitement or dullness, they are rare and he can easily recognize and pacify them. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Samatha - Nine mental abidings ::8. 'Single-pointed attention' (S. ekotīkarana,Tib. རྱེ་གཅིག་ཏུ་བྱེད་པ་ - rtse-gcigtu byed-pa) in this stage the practitioner can reach high levels of concentration with only a slight effort and without being interrupted even by subtle laxity or excitement during the entire meditation session. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Samatha - Nine mental abidings ::9. 'Attentional Balance' (S. samādhāna,Tib. མཉམ་པར་འཇོག་པ་བྱེད་པ་ - mnyampar ’jog-pa) the meditator now effortlessly reaches absorbed concentration (ting-nge-‘dzin, S. samadhi.) and can maintain it for about four hours without any single interruption.[http://wisdompubs.org/Pa ges/search_results.lasso Wallace, A: 'The Attention Revolution', Wisdom 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Samatha - Nine mental abidings 1 ::(10. śamatha, Tib. ཞི་གནས་, shyiné - the culmination, is sometimes listed as a tenth stage) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity 'Turbidity' is the cloudiness or haze|haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual Particle (ecology)|particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. The measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity Fluids can contain suspended solid matter consisting of particles of many different sizes. While some suspended material will be large enough and heavy enough to settle rapidly to the bottom of the container if a liquid sample is left to stand (the Settling|settable solids), very small particles will settle only very slowly or not at all if the sample is regularly agitated or the particles are 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity 1 'Turbidity' (or haze) is also applied to transparent solids such as glass or plastic. In plastic production haze is defined as the percentage of light that is deflected more than 2.5° from the incoming light direction.[http://www.thermallaminating films.com/haze.php Haze technical definition] https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Causes 1 Certain industries such as quarrying, coal mine|mining and coal recovery can generate very high levels of turbidity from colloidal rock particles. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Causes 1 The association between drinking water turbidity and gastrointestinal illness: a systematic review https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Causes 1 High turbidity levels can also affect the ability of fish gills to absorb dissolved oxygen https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Causes For many mangrove areas, high turbidity is needed to support certain species, such as to protect juvenile fish from predators. For most mangroves along the eastern coast of Australia, in particular Moreton Bay, turbidity levels as high as 600 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) are needed for proper ecosystem health. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Measurement 1 The most widely used measurement unit for turbidity is the Formazin Turbidity Unit|FTU (Formazin Turbidity Unit). International Organization for Standardization|ISO refers to its units as FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Units). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Measurement 1 The alternatively used Jackson Candle method (units: Jackson Turbidity Unit or 'JTU') is essentially the inverse measure of the length of a column of water needed to completely obscure a candle flame viewed through it https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Measurement For this reason (and the reason that heavier particles settle quickly and do not contribute to a turbidity reading), a correlation between turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) is somewhat unique for each location or situation. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Measurement 1 The Secchi disk has the advantages of integrating turbidity over depth (where variable turbidity layers are present), being quick and easy to use, and inexpensive https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Measurement 1 [http://watsanmissionassistant.wikispaces. com/file/view/TurbidityMyre_Shaw.pdf/360203097/TurbidityMyre_Shaw.pdf The Turbidity Tube] The turbidity tube condenses water in a graded tube which allows determination of turbidity based on a contrast disk in its bottom, being analogous to the Secchi disk. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Measurement Turbidity in air, which causes solar attenuation, is used as a measure of pollution. To model the attenuation of beam irradiance, several turbidity parameters have been introduced, including the Linke turbidity factor (TL).HelioClim (Center for Energy and Processes). Paris, France. [http://www.helioclim.net/linke/index.html Linke Turbidity Factor.] 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Drinking water standards 1 Systems that use filtration other than the conventional or direct filtration must follow state limits, which must include turbidity at no time exceeding 5 NTU https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Ambient water standards (States may also publish their own criteria.) Some states have promulgated water quality standards for turbidity, including: 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Ambient water standards * Louisiana. 25, 50 or 150 NTU, or background plus 10 percent, depending on the water body.Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality. Baton Rouge, LA.[http://epa.gov/waterscience/stan dards/wqslibrary/la/la_6_wqs.pdf Surface Water Quality Standards.] Louisiana Administrative Code (LAC). Title 33, Part IX, Chapter 11. August 6, 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Ambient water standards * Vermont. 10 NTU or 25 NTU, depending on water body classification.Vermont Water Resources Board. Montpelier, VT. [http://www.nrb.state.vt.us/wrp/publ ications/wqs.pdf Vermont Water Quality Standards.] January 25, 2006. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Ambient water standards 1 * Washington (U.S. state)|Washington. 5 NTU over background (when background is 50 NTU or less), or 10 percent increase when background is over 50 NTU.Washington Department of Ecology. Olympia, WA.[http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/standa rds/wqslibrary/wa/wa_10_chapter173201a.pdf Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters of the State of Washington.] Washington Administrative Code (WAC). Chapter 173-201A. November 18, 1997. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Analytical methods 1 Published analytical test methods for turbidity include: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Analytical methods 1 * ISO 7027 Water Quality: Determination of Turbidity International Organization for Standardization. Geneva, Switzerland. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Analytical methods 1 [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetail Page.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=3012 3 ISO 7027: Water quality -- Determination of turbidity.] 1999. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Analytical methods * US EPA Method No. 180.1, TurbidityEPA. Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory. Cincinnati, Ohio. [http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/c wa/bioindicators/upload/2007_07_10_m ethods_method_180_1.pdf Method 180.1: Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry; Revision 2.0.] August 1993. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Analytical methods 1 * Standard Methods, No. 2130B.Clescearl, Leonore S.(Editor), Greenberg, Arnold E.(Editor), Eaton, Andrew D. (Editor). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (20th ed.) American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. ISBN 0-87553-235-7. This is also available on CD-ROM and [http://www.standardmethods.org/ online] by subscription. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Treatment 1 Turbidity is commonly treated using either a settling or filtration process. Depending on the application, chemical reagents, will be dosed into the wastewater stream to increase the effectiveness of the settling or filtration process. Potable water treatment and municipal wastewater plants often remove turbidity with a combination of sand filtration, settling https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Treatment 1 This method is commonly used at coal mines and coal loading facilities where stormwater collection ponds have seasonal issues with turbidity https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Reagents 1 Reagents available for treating turbidity include aluminium sulfate or alum (Al2(SO4)3.xH2O), ferric chloride (FeCl3), gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O), polyaluminium chloride, long chain acrylamide-based polymers and numerous proprietary reagents.Earth Systems, Clear Solutions newsletter Focus on Turbidity [http://www.earthsystems.com.au/wphttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Turbidity - Reagents 1 The dosing process must also be considered when using reagents as the flocs may be broken apart by excessive mixing. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , the journal's editor-in-chief is Ronald Moolenaar.[http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/staff /staff.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Staff], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report As noted in the sequel, some single reports have evoked media interest also outside health and medical contexts 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Notable articles * The spread of Hepatitis A among attendees of jam band concert tours (September 2003).[http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ mmwrhtml/mm5235a5.htm Public Health Dispatch: Multistate Outbreak of Hepatitis A Among Young Adult Concert Attendees -- United States, 2003] (MMWR 52(35), September 5, 2003)O' Neil, John 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Notable articles 1 * Low concerns for risks of elevated blood levels of lead in Washington, DC (April 2004).[http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ mmwrhtml/mm5312a6.htm Blood Lead Levels in Residents of Homes with Elevated Lead in Tap Water --- District of Columbia, 2004] (MMWR 53(12), April 2, 2004) The article was notable and later criticized for not emphasizing the risks, and now is available together with two https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Notable articles * Several dozen deaths in teens participating in what is called the choking game (February 2008)via Associated Press. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html ?res=9A05E6DF1E38F936A25751C0A96 E9C8B63 NATIONAL BRIEFING | SCIENCE AND HEALTH; Count Of 'choking Game' Fatalities], The New York Times, February 15, 2008. Retrieved July 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Notable articles 1 * A report about the elevated death rate among fisherman in the Pacific Northwest (April 2008)Bakalar, Nicholas. [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/13/healt h/13stat.html Northwest Fishery Posts Highest Fatality Rate], The New York Times, May 13, 2008. Retrieved July 24, 2009. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Notable articles 1 * Improvements in public health after the implementation of municipal smoking bans (January 2009)Bakalar, Nicholas. [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/13 /health/research/13prev.html Smoking Ban Improves a City's Health], The New York Times, January 12, 2009. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Notable articles * The initial reports of a novel swine flu virus which led to the 2009 flu pandemic (April 24, 2009)[http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ mmwrhtml/mm5815a5.htm Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Infection in Two Children --- Southern California, March-April 2009], Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, April 24, 2009 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - First report of AIDS 1 [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm 4534.pdf Pneumocystis Pneumonia — Los Angeles], Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, August 30, 1996 / Vol https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Background 1 Between 2001 and 2003, various tests showed that the lead content in drinking water in Washington DC more often than not was higher than 15 PPM (parts per million), which was the action level fixed by U.S https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Background Lead is well known to have toxic effects, especially for embryos and small children. Even in small doses, Lead poisoning#Chronic poisoning|lead poisoning may lead to e.g. permanent intelligence deficiencies and concentration difficulties. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Report details 1 On March 30, 2004, an MMWR dispatch, Blood Lead Levels in Residents of Homes with Elevated Lead in Tap Water --- District of Columbia, 2004 was made available on the MMWR web site https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Report details The report concludes that the high amounts of lead in the drinking water may have led to a slight rise of the blood levels; however, it claimed that no children were identified with Blood lead level|BLLs ref name=salonref name=salon/ref name=salon/ref name=salon/ref name=wapo-underrepref name=wapounderrep/ref name=wapo-underrep/ref name=wapo-cdc-mislead/ref name=wapocdc-mislead/ 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Response to the criticism 1 The CDC did not withdraw the report, but in 2010 amended it with two notices to the readers, with the following explanations https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Human parainfluenza viruses - Morbidity and mortality Mortality caused by hPIV in developed regions of the world remains rare. Where mortality has occurred, it is principally in the three core risk groups (very young, elderly and immuno-compromised). Long term changes can however be associated with airway remodelling and are believed to be a significant cause of morbidity. The exact 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Human parainfluenza viruses - Morbidity and mortality In developing regions of the world, the highest risk group in terms of mortality remains pre-school children. Mortality may be as a consequence of primary viral infection or secondary problems such as bacterial infection. Predispositions, such as malnutrition and other deficiencies may further elevate the chances of mortality associated with infection. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Human parainfluenza viruses - Morbidity and mortality Overall, LRI's cause approximately 25–30% of total deaths in pre-school children in the developing world. hPIV is believed to be associated with 10% of all LRI cases, thus remaining a significant cause of mortality. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cervical cerclage - Morbidity and mortality rates Approximately 1-9% of women will experience premature labor after cerclage. The risk of chorioamnionitis is 1-7%, but increases to 30% if the cervix is dilated greater than 1.2 in (3cm). The risks associated with premature delivery, however, are far greater. Babies born between 22 and 25 weeks of pregnancy are at significant risk of moderate to severe disabilities (46-56%) or death (approximately 10-30% survive at 22 weeks, increasing to 50% at 24 weeks, and 95% by 26 weeks). 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html HIV/AIDS in the United States - Mortality and morbidity Invariably, HIV is a silent disease when first acquired, and this period of latency varies. The progression from HIV infection to AIDS varies from 5–12 years. In the past, most individuals succumbed to the disease in 1–2 years after being diagnosed with AIDS. However, since the introduction of potent anti retroviral drug therapy and better Post-exposure prophylaxis|prophylaxis against opportunistic infections, mortality rate|death rates have significantly declined. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Sakıp Sabancı Museum - The World of Abidin Dino 1 Between November 24, 2007 through January 27, 2008, the museum hosted works and documents of the renowned Turkish painter Abidin Dino, a multifaceted artist and man of culture, who died in 1993. The comprehensive exhibition comprised his drawings and writings https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Sakıp Sabancı Museum - The World of Abidin Dino along with photographs and documents chronicling the various periods throughout his 80 years in Turkey, France and other countries.[http://muze.sabanciuniv.e du/exhibition/exhibition.php?lngExhi bitionID=66bytLanguageID=2 Sakıp Sabancı Museum Web Site - Past Exhibitions - The World of Abidin Dino] 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Anhedonia - Comorbidity 1 Anhedonia is present in several forms of psychopathology.American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as antigay hate groups - Abiding Truth Ministries Abiding Truth Ministries is a Christian fundamentalism|conservative Christian organization located in Temecula, California 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-gay hate groups - Abiding Truth Ministries 1 Along with Kevin E https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium oxide 1 The final product of oxygenation of Rb is principally RbO2, rubidium superoxide: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium oxide 1 This superoxide can then be reduced to Rb2O using excess rubidium metal: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium-87 'Rubidium' ('Rb') has 32 isotopes, with naturally occurring rubidium being composed of just two isotopes; 85Rb (72.2%) and the radioactive 87Rb (27.8%). Normal mixes of rubidium are radioactive enough to fog photographic film in approximately 30 to 60 days. Standard atomic mass is 85.4678(3) unified atomic mass unit|u. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium-87 1 See rubidium-strontium dating for a more detailed discussion. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium-87 1 82Rb is used in some cardiac positron emission tomography|PET scans to assess Myocardial perfusion scan|myocardial perfusion. It has a half-life of 1.273 minutes. It does not exist naturally, but can be made from the decay of 82Sr. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium-87 Even though rubidium-85 is more abundant, rubidium-87 has a positive scattering length, which means it is mutually repulsive, at low temperatures 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium-87 1 Rubidium-87 has an atomic mass of 86.9091835 u, and a binding energy of 757,853 keV. Its atomic percent abundance is 27.835%, and has a halflife of . https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium-87 - Notes 1 * Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium-87 - Notes * Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium-87 - Notes 1 * Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Cutaneous horn - Mortality/Morbidity The lesion at the base of the keratin mound is benign in the majority of cases. Malignancy is present in up to 20% of cases, with Squamous-cell carcinoma|squamous cell carcinoma being the most common type. The incidence of Squamous-cell carcinoma|squamous cell carcinoma increases to 37% when the cutaneous horn is present on the penis. Tenderness at the base of the lesion is often a clue to the presence of a possible underlying Squamous-cell carcinoma|squamous cell carcinoma . 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of ICD-9 codes 780–799: symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions - Illdefined and unknown causes of morbidity and mortality (797–799) 1 * () Sudden infant death syndrome https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of ICD-9 codes 780–799: symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions - Illdefined and unknown causes of morbidity and mortality (797–799) * () Other ill-defined and unknown causes of morbidity and mortality 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of ICD-9 codes 780–799: symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions - Ill-defined and unknown causes of morbidity and mortality (797–799) 1 ** () Anxiety|Nervousness https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Misophonia - Prevalence and comorbidity The prevalence of misophonia is unknown, but groups of people identifying with the condition suggest it is more common than previously recognized. Among patients with tinnitus, which is prevalent in 4–5% of the general population, some surveys report prevalence as high as 60%, while prevalence in a 2010 study was measured at 10%. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Misophonia - Prevalence and comorbidity 1 The Dutch study published in 2013 of a sample of 42 patients with misophonia found a low incidence of psychiatric disorders, with the exception of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (52.4%). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Misophonia - Prevalence and comorbidity 1 It has been suggested that there is a connection between misophonia and synesthesia, a neurological condition in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway.Cytowic, Richard E https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of ICD-9 codes 760–779: certain conditions originating in the perinatal period - Maternal causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality (760–763) * () Fetus or newborn affected by material conditions which may be unrelated to present pregnancy 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of ICD-9 codes 760–779: certain conditions originating in the perinatal period - Maternal causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality (760–763) 1 ** () Noxious influences affecting fetus or newborn via placenta or breast milk https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of ICD-9 codes 760–779: certain conditions originating in the perinatal period Maternal causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality (760–763) 1 *** () Exposure to narcotics, perinatal https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of ICD-9 codes 760–779: certain conditions originating in the perinatal period - Maternal causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality (760–763) 1 * () Fetus or newborn affected by complications of placenta, Umbilical cord|cord, and Biological membrane|membranes https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of ICD-9 codes 760–779: certain conditions originating in the perinatal period - Maternal causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality (760–763) ** () Other compression of umbilical cord affecting fetus or newborn 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of ICD-9 codes 760–779: certain conditions originating in the perinatal period Maternal causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality (760–763) * () Fetus or newborn affected by other complications of Childbirth|labor and delivery 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Pancreaticoduodenectomy - Morbidity and mortality 1 Pancreaticoduodenectomy is considered, by any standard, to be a major surgical procedure. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Pancreaticoduodenectomy - Morbidity and mortality Even at high-volume hospitals, morbidity has been found to vary by a factor of almost four depending on the number of times the surgeon has previously performed the procedure.[http://www.patienteducati oncenter.org/aspx/HealthELibrary/H ealthETopic.aspx?cid=L0409b The Whipple Procedure] Pri-Med Patient Education Center, Harvard Health 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Pancreaticoduodenectomy - Morbidity and mortality de Wilde et al. have reported statistically significant mortality reductions concurrent with centralization of the procedure in the Netherlands.De Wilde, R.F. et al., 2012. Impact of nationwide centralization of pancreaticoduodenectomy on hospital mortality. The British journal of surgery, 99(3), pp.404–410. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Pancreaticoduodenectomy - Morbidity and mortality 1 One study reported actual risk to be 2.4 times greater than the risk reported in the medical literature, with additional variation by type of institution. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium hydroxide 1 'Rubidium hydroxide' (RbOH) is a strong Base (chemistry)|basic chemical and alkali that is formed by one rubidium ion and one hydroxide ion. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium hydroxide 1 Rubidium hydroxide does not appear in nature. However it can be obtained by Chemical synthesis|synthesis from rubidium oxide. In addition, rubidium hydroxide is commercially available in form of an aqueous solution from a few suppliers. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium hydroxide Rubidium hydroxide is highly corrosive, therefore suitable protective clothing, gloves and eyeface protection are required when handling this material. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium hydroxide - Synthesis Rubidium hydroxide can be synthesized from rubidium oxide by dissolving the oxide into water: 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium hydroxide - Synthesis 1 Rubidium hydroxide is also commercially available from a certain number of chemical suppliers in form of 50% or 99% water|aqueous solution at multiples of 5 gram|g. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium hydroxide - Uses 1 Rubidium hydroxide is rarely used in industrial processes because potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide can perform nearly all the industrial functions of rubidium hydroxide in a less violent and hence safer way. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium hydroxide - Uses 1 Rubidium hydroxide is used in scientific research. It is often used sparingly to prevent waste of the expensive element rubidium. For example, it is used to give fireworks a violet color in place of pure rubidium. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium hydroxide - Uses Despite the fact that rubidium hydroxide is rarely used in normal industrial processes, it is notable that the synthesis of nearly all rubidium compounds involves rubidium hydroxide as an intermediate. Natural rubidium oxide is added to water, and the resulting reaction forms soluble rubidium hydroxide as a product. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium hydroxide - Hazard prevention Rubidium hydroxide is a corrosive compound that causes immediate Burn (injury)|burns to the skin on contact. Ultimate care must be carried out when handling this chemical. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium hydroxide - Hazard prevention In the laboratory, protective clothing, gloves, and eye-face protection made from alkali-resistant materials are to be worn to prevent injury caused by accidental Leakage (chemistry)|leakage of rubidium hydroxide onto human skin. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium hydroxide - Hazard prevention 1 :wikt:dilution|Dilution of this strong alkali must be done by adding the hydroxide slowly into the beaker of water. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Rubidium hydroxide - Hazard prevention 1 In addition, chemical experiments on this compound must be performed with caution to prevent the great amount of heat released in an exothermic reaction from causing the solution to boil-over or damage the vessel. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and mortality conference 'Morbidity and mortality' (MM) 'conferences' are traditional, recurring conferences held by medical services at academic medical centers, most large private medical and surgical practices, and other medical centers 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbidity and mortality conference 1 Morbidity and Mortality conferences have long been part of the practice of medicine, having originated in the early 1900s with Dr https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html National Comorbidity Survey 1 The 'National Comorbidity Survey: Baseline' (NCS-1) was the first largescale field survey of mental health in the United States https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html National Comorbidity Survey The 'National Comorbidity Survey: Reinterview' (NCS-2) was a follow up study conducted between 2001 and 2002. The participants in NCS-1 were reinterviewed with the aim to collect information about changes in mental disorders, substance use disorders, and the predictors and consequences of these changes over the ten years between the two surveys. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html National Comorbidity Survey In conjunction with the NCS-2, two other surveys were done. The 'National Comorbidity Survey Replication' (NCS-R) was a study done with 9,282 new participants. And the 'National Comorbidity Survey: Adolescent Supplement' (NCS-A) was a study done between 2000 and 2004 with 10,000 adolescents. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html National Comorbidity Survey - Most notable findings -Comorbidity: Of the people who experience mental illness in their lifetime (48% of pop), 27% will experience more than one. The resulting average is 2.1 mental disorders per (disordered) person. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Ureterostomy - Morbidity and mortality rates The outcome and prognosis for ureterostomy patients depends on a number of factors. The highest rates of complications exist for those who have pelvic cancer or a history of radiation therapy. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Ureterostomy - Morbidity and mortality rates In one study, a French medical team followed 69 patients for a minimum of one year (an average of six years) after TUU was performed 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Binge eating disorder - Comorbidities 1 Individuals who have binge eating disorder commonly have other psychiatric comorbidities such as major depressive disorder, personality disorder, bipolar disorder, substance abuse, body dysmorphic disorder, kleptomania, irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, or anxiety disorder https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Binge eating disorder - Comorbidities 1 Binge eating disorder is similar to, but distinct from, compulsive overeater|compulsive overeating https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of languages by writing system - Nsibidi 1 *Ekoid languages|Ekoi https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of languages by writing system - Nsibidi 1 *Igbo language|Igbo https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of languages by writing system - Nsibidi 1 *Ibibio language|Ibibio https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Incidence matrix - Signed and bidirected graphs 1 It is the incidence matrix of any bidirected graph that orients the given signed graph https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Sensory processing disorder - Other comorbidities 1 Various conditions can involve SPD, such as schizophrenia, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, primary nocturnal enuresis, prenatal alcohol exposure, learning disability|learning difficulties and autism, as well as people with traumatic brain injury or who have had cochlear implants placed https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbid obesity - Morbidity Obesity increases the risk of many physical and mental conditions. These comorbidities are most commonly shown in metabolic syndrome, a combination of medical disorders which includes: diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension|high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia|high blood cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia|high triglyceride levels. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbid obesity - Morbidity Complications are either directly caused by obesity or indirectly related through mechanisms sharing a common cause such as a poor diet or a sedentary lifestyle. The strength of the link between obesity and specific conditions varies. One of the strongest is the link with type 2 diabetes. Excess body fat underlies 64% of cases of diabetes in men and 77% of cases in 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Morbid obesity - Morbidity 1 Health consequences fall into two broad categories: those attributable to the effects of increased fat mass (such as osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea, social stigmatization) and those due to the increased number of fat cells (diabetes mellitus|diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Gene promoter - Bidirectional promoters (mammalian) 1 Transcription factor binding and modified histones in human bidirectional promoters https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Supercentenarian - Morbidity Research on the morbidity of supercentenarians has found that they remain free of major age-related diseases (e.g., stroke, cardiovascular disease, dementia, cancer, Parkinson’s disease and diabetes) until the very end of life when they die of exhaustion of organ reserve, which is the ability to return organ function to Human_homeostasis|homeostasis 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html List of Dragon Ball characters - Bobbidi Bobbidi is voiced by Jōji Yanami in the original series and by Bin Shimada in Kai, Terry Klassen in the Ocean dub, and Duncan Brannan in the Funimation dub. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Hantaan River virus - Morbidity and mortality 1 In hantavirus induced hemorrhagic fever, incubation time is between two to four weeks in humans before symptoms of infection present https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom 'Bidi bidi bom bom' is a song by American Tejano music|Tejano pop singer Selena from her album Amor Prohibido|Amor prohibido (1994). The album's second single, Bidi bidi bom bom was written by Selena and Pete Astudillo. It was produced by A.B. Quintanilla|A.B. Quintanilla III– Selena's brother– and Bebu Silvetti. It was released on 13 August 1994 in the 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom 1 Bidi bidi bom bom received mixed to positive review from contemporary music critics. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom 1 Bidi bidi bom bom has been covered by many artists since its release. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Background and production 1 Bidi bidi bom bom, one of the first songs composed for Selena's fifth studio album Amor Prohibido|Amor prohibido (1994), is regarded as Selena's signature song https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Background and production 1 with writing the song, while Selena's widower Chris Perez helped gather Rock fusion and guitar solos into Bidi bidi bom bom https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Background and production 1 Selena had done takes for Bidi bidi bom bom at Q-Productions https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Composition and lyric content 1 Her heart would palpitate (Bidi bidi bom bom) every time he walks near her https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Critical reception 1 Ilan Stavans and Harold Augenbraum reviewed Amor prohibido and stated that Bidi bidi bom bom, No me queda más, and Techno Cumbia are the key hits of the album https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Critical reception Diosdada Sagarra Díaz of Adelante (newspaper)|Adelante highly praised Bidi bidi bom bom's mixing styles and the addicting rhythms of the song 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Critical reception Bidi bidi bom bom was highly liked by children and was covered in various children compilation albums after Selena's death. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Background and development 1 The music video for Bidi bidi bom bom was filmed from 28–30 April 1994 and was directed by Cecilia Miniucchi. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Background and development 1 The video was shot in Santa Monica, California at the Santa Monica Pier https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Background and development 1 Meanwhile, she begins to sing the song Bidi Bidi Bom Bom https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Reception 1 Fuegues editor, François Petit, said, The music video for 'Bidi Bidi Bom Bom' was astonishing and greatly appreciated among French gays for its grooves and addicting lyrics, in nightclubs across Canada https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Credits and personnel 1 All credits were taken from the albums liner notes. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Credits and personnel 1 *Pete Astudillo – writer https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Credits and personnel 1 *List of music arrangers|Roger Emerson – music arranger https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Credits and personnel 1 *Brian Red Moore – audio mixing (recorded music)|audio mixer https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Covers 1 Bidi Bidi Bom Bom was also included in a lesbian pride event in Long Beach, California|Long Beach, California. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - Covers Puerto Rican boy band, Tick Tock (band)|Tick Tock, covered the song, as well as creating a music video to promote the song in 2004 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Australian Shepherd - Morbidity Based on a sample of 48 still-living dogs, the most common health issues noted by owners were eye problems (red eye, epiphora, conjunctivitis, and cataracts). Dermatological and respiratory problems also ranked high. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Australian Shepherd - Morbidity 1 Collie eye anomaly (CEA) is rare in the breed, but it and cataracts are a concern in Aussies https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Australian Shepherd - Morbidity Some Australian shepherds (as well as collies, German Shepherd|German shepherds and many other herding dogs) are susceptible to a genetic mutation of the MDR1 gene. Dogs with the mutation can suffer toxicity from anti-parasitics such as Ivermectin in high doses, and other drugs. A test is available to determine if a particular dog carries the mutated gene. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Dobrava-Belgrade virus - Morbidity and Mortality 1 The fatality rate is 12%, making Dobrava virus the most life-threatening hantavirus disease in Europe. Variant DOBV genotypes have different degrees of pathogenicity.Papa A.Dobrava-Belgrade virus: phylogeny, epidemiology, disease.Antiviral Res. 2012 Aug;95(2):104-17. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.05.011. Epub 2012 May 30. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Dragon Ball Z Collectible Card Game - Babidi saga Another Booster only set, Babidi Saga expanded upon the Majin (Dragon Ball)|Majin mechanic 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Dragon Ball Z Collectible Card Game - Babidi saga The Personality cards in this set included Son Goku (Dragon Ball)|Goku, Son Gohan|Gohan, Android 18, Mr. Satan|Hercule, Videl, List of Dragon Ball characters#Kaioshin, East|Supreme Kai, Babidi|Majin Babidi, Dabura|Majin Dabura, List of Dragon Ball characters#Pui-Pui|Majin PuiPui, List of Dragon Ball 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Dragon Ball Z Collectible Card Game - Babidi saga 1 The 6-star Ultra Rare cards printed in this set were Majin Vegeta, Level 1 and Majin Vegeta, the Malevolent, Level 5. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen 1 'Law Abiding Citizen' is a 2009 American Thriller (genre)|thriller film directed by F. Gary Gray from a screenplay written by Kurt Wimmer and stars Jamie Foxx and Gerard Butler. The film takes place in Philadelphia and tells the story of a man driven to commit multiple murders while targeting not only his family's killer but also a corrupt criminal justice system. Law Abiding Citizen was released theatrically in https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen The film was nominated for a Saturn Award as the Best Action/Adventure/Thriller Film of the year, but lost to Inglourious Basterds, and the film also garnered NAACP Image Awards nominations for both Jamie Foxx (Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture) and F. Gary Gray (Outstanding Directing in a Motion Picture). 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Plot 1 In a 1999 Philadelphia violent home invasion, Clyde Shelton (Gerard Butler) is forced to witness the rape and murder of his wife and young daughter, by Clarence James Darby (Christian Stolte) and his accomplice Rupert Ames (Josh Stewart) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Plot 1 Ten years later, Ames's time on death row is up https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Plot 1 As he leaves the interrogation room, Rice receives a phone call from his wife, and learns that Shelton had sent a copy of the snuff film of Darby's demise to his house, traumatizing his young daughter https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Plot Once in jail, Shelton demands a porterhouse steak lunch be delivered to his cell by a specific time, in return for disclosing where to find Darby's lawyer, who they then discover was reported missing three days earlier 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Plot Cantrell arranges a meeting with a CIA contact and takes Rice along 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Plot Rice discovers that Shelton owns an auto garage right next to the prison 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Plot 1 Shelton returns to his garage after planting the city hall bomb, then returns to his cell https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Cast 1 * Colm Meaney as Detective Dunnigan https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Cast 1 * Bruce McGill as Jonas Cantrell https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Cast 1 * Emerald-Angel Young as Denise Rice https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Cast * Annie Corley as Judge Laura Burch 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Production 1 Filming began in August 2008 and took place in and around Philadelphia. Filming locations included Philadelphia's City Hall and the old Eastern State Penitentiary. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Production 1 The film was edited after being threatened with an Motion Picture Association of America film rating system|NC-17 rating for violence, with the full version released unrated on Blu-ray. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Soundtrack The Law Abiding Citizen (soundtrack)|score to Law Abiding Citizen was composed by Brian Tyler (composer)|Brian Tyler, who recorded his score with a 52-piece ensemble of the Hollywood Studio Symphony at the Sony Scoring Stage with help from Kieron Charlesworth 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Soundtrack 1 The tune at the end for closing credits is Sin's A Good Man's Brother by Grand Funk Railroad. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Release 1 The film was released theatrically on October 16, 2009. The first theatrical trailer was released on August 14, 2009 and was attached to District 9. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Release 1 The premiere was held on November 15, 2009 at the Cineworld complex in Glasgow - hometown of Gerard Butler. Many British tabloids have labeled this event as the Homecoming Premiere, in reference to the Homecoming Scotland celebrations. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Reception Law Abiding Citizen received negative reviews from critics. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives it a 25% score, with an average rating of 4.3/10 based on 155 reviews. The site's critical consensus states that Unnecessarily violent and unflinchingly absurd, Law Abiding Citizen is plagued by subpar acting and a story that defies reason. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/law_abi ding_citizen/ 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Law Abiding Citizen - Reception In his review for the Chicago Sun Times, Roger Ebert said, Law Abiding Citizen is the kind of movie you will like more at the time than in retrospect. He then went on to say, Still, there's something to be said for a movie you like well enough at the time. Ebert rated the film 3 out of 4 stars.http://www.rogerebert.com/revi ews/law-abiding-citizen-2009 Roger 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Alaskan Malamute - Morbidity The most commonly reported health problems of Alaskan Malamutes, in the 2004 UK Kennel Club survey (based on a sample size of 64 dogs) were musculoskeletal (Hip dysplasia (canine)|hip dysplasia), and hereditary cataracts. There are additional health issues in the breed whose origins are unknown at this time including varied seizure disorders found in young puppies as well as adults, Epilepsy, congenital heart problems, kidney problems and skin disorders. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Alaskan Malamute - Morbidity 1 Other health issues in Malamutes include Elbow dysplasia, Polyneuropathy in dogs and cats|inherited polyneuropathy, chondrodysplasia, heart defects, and eye problems (particularly cataract and progressive retinal atrophy).http://www.alaskanmalamute.org/Health/h ealth.asp Alaskan Malamute Club of America Health Committee Retrieved July 10, 2007 A growing problem among arctic dog breeds, including the Alaskan Malamute, but especially their cousin, the Samoyed, is canine diabetes with onset occurring typically in middle age (5 to 7 years)[http://www.adrtc.org/canine-diabetes/ Arctic Dog Rescue and Training Center » Canine Diabetes] https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Ernest Shackleton - Biding time 1 In the period immediately after his return, Shackleton engaged in a strenuous schedule of public appearances, lectures and social engagements https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html Ernest Shackleton - Biding time 1 Any future resumption by Shackleton of the quest for the South Pole depended on the results of Scott's Terra Nova Expedition, which left from Cardiff in July 1910 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html For More Information, Visit: • https://store.theartofservice.co m/itil-2011-foundationcomplete-certification-kitfourth-edition-study-guideebook-and-online-course.html The Art of Service https://store.theartofservice.com