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Sentence Structure Notes 1. A simple sentence contains one subject verb relationship. In other words, it contains one independent clause and no subordinate (dependent) clauses. The boys went to the lake, played on the beach, and ate lunch. Sitting by the lake, the boys and girls ate lunch. Jane, Sally, Bob, and John swam, played, and ate at the lake. * Jane and Bob swam and played, and John ate lunch. 2. A compound sentence contains two subject verb relationships. In other words, it contains two independent clauses and no subordinate (dependent) clauses. The boys ran along the beach, but the girls sat in the sun. Bob found various shells; Sally found someone’s garbage. Jane wanted to swim with her brother; however, he was busy eating. 3. A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one subordinate (dependent) clause. A subordinate (dependent) clause is always introduced by a complex connector (subordinating conjunction). Although the boys swim faster, the girls like to race them after they eat lunch. Sally went to the lake because all her friends decided to go. The sunbather who had on the pink bikini was covered in sunscreen. 4. A compound-complex sentence contains two independent clauses and at least one subordinate (dependent) clause. In other words, a compound-complex sentence contains one compound connector and one or more complex connectors. John ate lunch, but Bob swam in the lake until the girls got back from snorkeling. The girl who found a shark’s tooth walked two miles up and down the beach; therefore, she missed lunch with her friends. Compound Connectors Coordinating Conjunctions Semicolon and Transitional Word however furthermore nevertheless meanwhile therefore then nor consequently next for instead thus so otherwise hence yet moreover ; but or SV, SV SV;SV S V ; (word) , S V Complex Connectors 14 WH connectors 6 THAT connectors 7 AS connectors who that as whom the fact that as if whose in order that as though which provided that as well as what so that as soon as when (that omitted) as whether where as just as I know you want an A. why while 7 miscellaneous whenever 3 THOUGH connectors after wherever though how whoever even though if whomever although since than 2 BE connectors unless before until because GRAMMAR HELPS Helping Verbs is am are was were be been being have has had do does did may might must can could will would shall should ought Good Verbs to Take the Place of Helping Verbs accentuate clarify diagnose expound maintain remain accept coach disclose express manipulate render access complicate discuss fail mediate renounce account conceal disguise fashion misconceive represent adapt conceive dismantle feature multiply respond address condemn dismiss focus navigate reveal advance condense display form negate review agree configure disprove frame negotiate scrutinize allege confirm dispute generate obscure shape alter conflate distinguish grasp obstruct shroud amplify conflict divulge guide offer signify analyze conjecture dramatize heighten organize simulate argue connect echo highlight perceive situate arrange consider elaborate hint persuade study ascribe construct elevate identify portray succeed assert contend embody illuminate posit suggest assign contradict emphasize illustrate position support associate counteract enable imply present sustain assume craft enforce indicate prioritize transform attain create engage inform probe treat attest criticize epitomize initiate produce trigger attribute critique establish insinuate pronounce underscore augment deconstruct evaluate insist propose validate authorize defy evoke instigate prove veil bolster demonstrate examine instruct question verify broaden denote exemplify intensify radicalize warp build denounce exhibit interpret rationalize witness carry depict exist interrogate recall work cause deride expand invent recognize censure descend explain investigate reconfigure challenge describe explicate isolate reconstruct characterize detach explore justify refer claim detect expose link reinforce Commonly Used Prepositions aboard about above according to across after against along amid among around as at atop because of before behind below beneath beside between beyond but (except) by concerning despite down during except for from in in spite of inside instead of into like near of off on on account of onto out outside over past since through throughout till to toward under underneath until up upon with within without apart from aside away back of considering due to in addition to in front of in place of next to on top of opposite prior to regarding together with ahead of alongside Transition Words/Phrases (To be used at the beginning of a paragraph to transition to a new idea OR within the paragraph to transition from sentence to sentence.) Chronological order: Order of importance: Add information: Compare things: after a while also additionally although afterwards even more again as as a result finally along with in the same way at any rate first (second, third) also like at first first of all also likewise at last for example another similarly at length for one reason as well Contrast things: at the same time furthermore besides even though at this moment more finally however during moreover for example on the other hand earlier/later most important for instance otherwise eventually next in addition still finally one moreover yet immediately perhaps next Summarize: in the end the greatest reason all in all in the meantime as a result instantly finally meanwhile in conclusion occasionally in summary once/twice lastly prior to therefore seldom/frequently to sum up soon