Download laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum “to praise” in the subjunctive 1

laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum “to praise” in the subjunctive
1. Present Subjunctive:
Since laudāre is a 1st conjugation verb, to form the present subjunctive change the —ā— of the stem
to —ē—; for the active 1st sg., use —m, not —ō.
Remember: for 2nd conjugation verbs, change the —ē— of the present indicative to —eā—; for third
conjugation verbs change the —i— (or —u —) of the present indicative to —ā—; for fourth conjugation verbs and
—iō verbs of the 3rd conjugation, replace the —ī— of the present indicative with —iā—.
Don’t forget the handy mnemonic for remembering the vowels of the present subjunctive for the four
conjugations:
“We
(laudat becomes laudet)
hear
sad
friars!”
(monet becomes moneat) (agit becomes agat) (audit becomes audiat)
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
sg.
laudem
laudēs
laudet
pl.
laudēmus
laudētis
laudent
sg.
lauder
laudēris/laudēre
laudētur
pl.
laudēmur
laudēminī
laudentur
person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
2. Imperfect Subjunctive:
Use the present active infinitive (= second principal part) as a stem; attach the endings of the present.
(Works for all verbs, even irregulars like sum.)
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
ACTIVE
sg.
laudārem
laudārēs
laudāret
pl.
laudārēmus
laudārētis
laudārent
PASSIVE
sg.
laudārer
laudārēris/laudārēre
laudārētur
pl.
laudārēmur
laudārēminī
laudārentur
3. Perfect Subjunctive:
For the active: go to the 3rd principal part (= perfect active indicative, 1st sg.). Strike off the —ī to get
the perfect stem. Attach the endings of the perfect subjunctive (mostly the same as sum in the future, with
slight changes in the 1st sg. and 3rd pl.). [Works for all verbs, even sum.]
(Perfect Subjunctive continued)
For the passive: form a verb phrase using the perfect passive participle (= fourth principal part) plus
the present subjunctive of sum (see section 5 below); the participle must agree with the subject in number,
gender and case. [Works for all verbs that have a perfect passive participle.]
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
ACTIVE
sg.
laudāverim
laudāverīs
laudāverit
pl.
laudāverīmus
laudāverītis
laudāverint
PASSIVE (masc. subject)
sg.
laudātus sim
laudātus sīs
laudātus sit
pl.
laudātī sīmus
laudātī sītis
laudātī sint
4. Pluperfect Subjunctive:
For the active: use the perfect active infinitive (perfect stem + —isse) as a stem and add the endings of
the present. [Works for all verbs, even sum.]
For the passive: form a verb phrase using the perfect passive participle (= fourth principal part) plus
the imperfect subjunctive of sum (see section 5 below); the participle must agree with the subject in number,
gender and case. [Works for all verbs that have a perfect passive participle.]
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
ACTIVE
sg.
laudavissem
laudavissēs
laudavisset
pl.
laudavissēmus
laudavissētis
laudavissent
PASSIVE (fem. subject)
sg.
laudāta essem
laudāta essēs
laudāta esset
pl.
laudātae essēmus
laudātae essētis
laudātae essent
5. Present & Imperfect Subjunctive of sum esse, fuī, ———:
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
present
imperfect
sg.
sim
sīs
sit
pl.
sīmus
sītis
sint
sg.
essem
essēs
esset
pl.
essēmus
essētis
essen t