Download Fitness Components

FITNESS COMPONENTS
GCaD CYMRU NGfL
By the end of the unit you will know:
• the names of the fitness components
• which group they belong to
• the definition of every component
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Categorizing
GCaD CYMRU NGfL
These components fall into two fields:
1. General or Connected to Health
2. Specific or Connected to Skills
We will now look in more detail at the two fields.
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Definitions - General / Connected to Health
GCaD CYMRU NGfL
Strength
The force implemented
by the muscles when contracting.
Flexibility
The range of movement in a joint
Body composition
The percentage of fat, muscle
and bone in the body.
Stamina
The body’s ability to persevere for
long periods without tiring. It is a
combination of cardiovascular and
muscular endurance
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Strength
GCaD CYMRU NGfL
The power the muscles
execute when contracting.
Static
Dynamic
Explosive(power)
The strength needed to
push or pull a very
heavy object or to hold
heavy weight above
your head.
The strength needed
to keep a load moving
over a long period.
(e.g. rowing)
The strength needed
for one explosive
action
(e.g. high jump)
- Holding a heavy weight motionless will improve your static strength.
- Moving the load will improve your dynamic strength.
- Moving the load as quickly as possible will improve your explosive
power.
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Flexibility
GCaD CYMRU NGfL
The range of movement in a joint.
To improve flexibility you should stretch
the muscles around the joint and hold the
stretch for at least 8 – 10 seconds.
This is called STATIC STRETCH.
It can be active or passive.
- A gymnast shows flexibility when performing the splits.
- A hooker needs flexibility in his shoulders when performing in the scrum.
- An athlete needs flexibility in the backbone when performing the high jump.
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Body composition
GCaD CYMRU NGfL
The percentage of fat, muscle
and bone in the body.
You could be the right weight but still not fit
because you have a lot of fat and small,
weak muscles. Body composition gives a
better idea of fitness and it specifies what
percentage of your body weight is fat.
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Stamina
GCaD CYMRU NGfL
The body’s ability to persevere for long
periods without tiring. It is a combination
of cardiovascular and muscular endurance
Cardiovascular
Muscle
The blood circulation system’s
ability to distribute oxygen which
the muscles need. This is called
Aerobic fitness.
The muscles’ ability to contract
time and time again
without tiring.
- A high level of aerobic fitness
is needed to run a marathon.
Why?
- A high level of aerobic fitness is
needed to keep on going
throughout a game of
Football / Hockey.
- a high level of muscle
endurance is needed for cyclists
in the ‘tour de France’ race.
- a high level of muscle endurance
is needed to keep on rowing in a
competitive race.
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DEFINITIONS – SPECIFIC / RELATED TO SKILLS
GCaD CYMRU NGfL
Flexibility
Change shape and direction
of the body quickly.
Balance
Hold a particular shape without
swaying or falling.
Co-ordination
Power
Reaction Time
Speed
Moving parts of the body smoothly and
correctly in response to messages
from the senses.
A combination. of strength
and speed.
Response speed is the term for the
time taken to respond to a stimulus.
The ability to move your body or part
of your body quickly.
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SPECIFIC / RELATED TO SKILLS - Examples
Flexibility
GCaD CYMRU NGfL
Side stepping in a rugby game.
The ‘Indian dribble’ movement - hockey
.
Balance
STATIC = Headstand - gymnastic
DYNANIC = Skating – ice skating.
Co-ordination
A serve in tennis.
Catching a ball – goalkeeper.
Power
Throwing the Discus / Long jump
Reaction Time
Speed
Starting a 100m race.
‘Slip catch’ in a cricket match.
There is a need for speed in a
hundred metre race.
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Speed
GCaD CYMRU NGfL
The ability to move your body or
part of your body quickly.
The term ‘speed’ does not always mean the
ability to move from A to B as fast as possible.
It can mean the ability to move different
parts of the body quickly.
See below for examples.
- Speed is needed in a hundred metre race.
- Speed is needed to be the first to reach the ball in team games.
- Arm speed is needed when throwing the javelin..
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GCaD CYMRU NGfL
NOW WE CAN ANSWER THESE
QUESTIONS?
What are the names of these components?
To which group do they belong?
What is the definition of every component?
www.gcad-cymru.org.uk