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Astronomy Test Review Reviewing Content 1. c) light years 2. d) magnitude 3. b) stellar parallax 4. d) blue 5. c) main sequence 6. c) red giant 7. a) black hole 8. b) neutron stars 9. a) distance from Earth 10. d) the big bang Understanding Concepts 11. The temperature of a star can be determined by its color. 13. Parallax is the apparent displacement (movement) of an object due to the change in position of the observer. 14. Apparent magnitude is how bright a star is as seen from Earth where as absolute magnitude is the brightness of a star from a standard distance. (10 parsecs) Understanding Concepts 15. Most massive main-sequence stars are blue while the least massive are red. 16. Nuclear fusion begins at 10 million celcius. 17. A main-sequence star is at equilibrium between gravity and gas pressure. 18. The main fuel for main-sequence stars is hydrogen while red giants burn helium. Understanding Concepts 19. SuperGiants and some Red giant stars end their lives as supernovas. (and some Blue giants) 20. A pulsar is a spinning neutron star that gives off pulses of energy. (radio waves) 21. It takes our solar system 200 million years to orbit the Milky Way. 22. Greater red shifts mean the universe is expanding. Understanding Concepts 24. Radio telescopes are used to determine the structure of the Milky Way because it allows astronomers to “see” through the dust and gas particles that block optical viewing. Analyzing Data 26. Brightest Star: Rigel Hottest Star: Sirius B 27. White dwarfs have a low absolute brightness as compared to supergiants 28. As absolute brightness increases the surface temperature also increases. This is a direct relationship. 1. What factor affects the color of a star? 2. What factor affects the luminosity of a star? 1. Temperature 2. Size, temperature, distance 3. What is the approximate surface temperature of the sun? 3. 6000 K 4. Is the surface temperature of white dwarf stars higher or lower than red super giants? 4. Much Higher 5. Why are Red Giants some much brighter than white dwarfs even though they are cooler? 5. So much larger 6. List the color of the stars from hottest to coldest: 6. Blue, white, yellow, orange, red 7. Most of the stars on the HR Diagram are classified as which type of star? 7. Main sequence 8. What type of star has a high temperature but a low luminosity? 8. Red super giants 9. What type of star has a high temperature and a high luminosity? 9. Blue giants 10. What type of star has a low temperature but a high luminosity? 10. Red giants/Red super giants 11. What type of star has a low temperature and a low luminosity? 11. Main sequence/Red dwarfs 12. What will happen next to the main sequence stars 12. Become red giants 13. What will happen to the white dwarfs? 13. Become black dwarfs 14. What label could be used instead of luminosity? 14. Absolute brightness 15. Which stars will probably end in a supernova explosion 15. Red super giants