Download Review Sheet: Serology and DNA Serology What are the 4 main

Review Sheet: Serology and DNA
Serology
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What are the 4 main types of blood? How do you write the genotypes for those blood groups?
What is the Rh Factor? How do you indicate if it is absent or present?
Know how to do blood type crosses. See me or your notes for examples.
What are antigens? What body system responds to antigens?
What are antibodies?
What is agglutination?
How do you type blood using Anti-Serums?
What is the blood type of the universal donor? What about the universal recipient?
What is the Kastle-Meyer Test?
How does luminol indicate blood is present? How do Hemastix indicate blood is present?
What are the sex chromosome patterns for males versus females?
Define the terms genotype, phenotype, heterozygous, and homozygous.
What does it mean to say a trait is controlled by multiple alleles?
Draw a graph showing the relationship between blood spatter size and height from which you
drop the blood. Why does the graph level off?
What are some pieces of information you can gain from doing bloodstain pattern analysis?
Why does blood have a spherical shape in flight?
What are the characteristics and examples of what might cause Low Velocity Impact Spatter?
What are the characteristics and example of what might cause Medium Velocity Impact Spatter?
What are the characteristics and example of what might cause High Velocity Impact Spatter?
How does the angle of impact affect the blood spatter?
What is back spatter?
What factors of a gun create greater spatter?
Describe what occurs in each of the four phases of impact of blood: Contact and Collapse,
Displacement, Dispersion, Retraction
What is satellite spatter?
Describe and give examples of the following types of bloodstains: Passive, Projected, Transfer,
and Velocity Impact.
About what percent of a person’s weight is blood?
What is true about the amount of blood at the start of a violent act?
How can you tell the difference between a drop of blood that hits a smooth surface versus a
drop that hits a rough surface?
How can you determine the direction of travel of a blood drop?
How do you categorize a blood stain if there are lots of drops of different sizes?
What is cast-off and how can cast-off be used to determine the number of blows in an attack?
What is indicated by a void in blood stain analysis?
DNA
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What is the basic structure of DNA? Which bases pair together?
What is a chromosome? How many do humans have in each body cell?
What is a gene? How many genes do humans have?
What is gel electrophoresis? Describe the steps one takes to run a gel.
Why does DNA move from one end of the gel to the other? Which fragment sizes move
farther and why?
Know how to interpret a DNA fingerprint to determine parents and to determine the
perpetrator of a crime.
What other names is DNA fingerprinting known by?
What is the amelogenin gene and what can it help determine?
What is CODIS?
What are epithelial cells? Buccal cells?
How should you store biological evidence?
How should you store blood in soil and why?
How much of our DNA is identical to other humans?
How many actual bases are unique from person to person?
Where might you get DNA evidence from?
What is the Innocence Project?
Honors Extension: Be familiar with ways to process and compare DNA such as PCR, VNTR, RFLP,
STR, SNP, and mtDNA.