Download Key indicators, 2014 Global Competitiveness Index The most

2: Country/Economy Profiles
Egypt
Key indicators, 2014
GDP (PPP) per capita (int’l $), 1990–2014
Population (millions) ........................................ 86.7
GDP (US$ billions) ........................................ 286.4
GDP per capita (US$) ................................... 3,304
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total ............ 0.87
Egypt
15,000
Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
Global Competitiveness Index
Rank
(out of 140)
Score
(1–7)
Institutions
7
Innovation
GCI 2015–2016 .................................................... 116 ..... 3.7
GCI 2014–2015 (out of 144) ................................... 119 ......3.6
GCI 2013–2014 (out of 148) ................................... 118 ......3.6
GCI 2012–2013 (out of 144) ................................... 107 ......3.7
Infrastructure
6
5
Business
sophistication
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Basic requirements (40.0%) .....................................115 ......3.8
Market size
1st pillar: Institutions ................................................. 87 ......3.6
2nd pillar: Infrastructure ............................................ 91 ......3.4
3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .................. 137 ......2.8
4th pillar: Health and primary education ................... 96 ......5.3
Health and
primary
education
1
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Efficiency enhancers (50.0%) ...................................100 ......3.6
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
5th pillar: Higher education and training ................. 111 ......3.2
6th pillar: Goods market efficiency .......................... 115 ......4.0
7th pillar: Labor market efficiency ........................... 137 ......3.2
8th pillar: Financial market development ................. 119 ......3.2
9th pillar: Technological readiness ............................ 98 ......3.2
10th pillar: Market size.............................................. 24 ......5.1
Egypt
Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan
Stage of development
Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%) .........113 ......3.2
11th pillar: Business sophistication .......................... 89 ......3.7
12th pillar: Innovation ............................................. 120 ......2.7
1
Transition
1–2
Factor
driven
2
Transition
2–3
3
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
The most problematic factors for doing business
Score*
Policy instability .................................................................11.8
Inefficient government bureaucracy ...................................10.5
Poor work ethic in labor force............................................10.4
Inadequately educated workforce ......................................10.1
Access to financing .............................................................9.2
Inadequate supply of infrastructure ......................................7.2
Foreign currency regulations ................................................7.0
Government instability/coups ..............................................6.1
Inflation ................................................................................5.0
Crime and theft ...................................................................4.5
Restrictive labor regulations .................................................4.4
Corruption ...........................................................................4.1
Complexity of tax regulations...............................................3.9
Tax rates..............................................................................3.2
Insufficient capacity to innovate ...........................................1.5
Poor public health ...............................................................1.0
0
*
5
10
15
20
25
From the list of factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score
corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
160 | The Global Competitiveness Report 2015–2016
© 2015 World Economic Forum
30
2: Country/Economy Profiles
Egypt
The Global Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/140
INDICATOR
1st pillar: Institutions
VALUE RANK/140
6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont’d.)
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
Property rights ....................................................... 3.9 ............92
Intellectual property protection ............................... 3.2 ..........108
Diversion of public funds ........................................ 3.5 ............61
Public trust in politicians ......................................... 2.8 ............83
Irregular payments and bribes ................................ 4.1 ............60
Judicial independence............................................ 4.5 ............45
Favoritism in decisions of government officials ....... 4.1 ............25
Wastefulness of government spending ................... 2.2 ..........127
Burden of government regulation ........................... 3.5 ............60
Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes .... 3.4 ............82
Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs. ... 3.4 ............70
Transparency of government policymaking............. 3.7 ............99
Business costs of terrorism .................................... 2.7 ..........138
Business costs of crime and violence..................... 2.9 ..........127
Organized crime ..................................................... 3.7 ..........122
Reliability of police services .................................... 3.3 ..........110
Ethical behavior of firms ......................................... 3.8 ............81
Strength of auditing and reporting standards ......... 4.3 ............88
Efficacy of corporate boards .................................. 3.9 ..........133
Protection of minority shareholders’ interests ......... 3.9 ............82
Strength of investor protection, 0–10 (best)* .......... 4.4 ..........113
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
Quality of overall infrastructure ............................... 3.1 ..........114
Quality of roads ...................................................... 3.0 ..........110
Quality of railroad infrastructure .............................. 2.6 ............70
Quality of port infrastructure ................................... 4.3 ............55
Quality of air transport infrastructure....................... 4.8 ............53
Available airline seat km/week, millions* ............. 686.1 ............35
Quality of electricity supply ..................................... 3.5 ..........101
Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* ......... 114.3 ............69
Fixed-telephone lines/100 pop.* ............................. 7.6 ............97
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
Government budget balance, % GDP*............... –13.6 ..........139
Gross national savings, % GDP* .......................... 13.2 ..........110
Inflation, annual % change* .................................. 10.1 ..........133
General government debt, % GDP* ..................... 90.5 ..........124
Country credit rating, 0–100 (best)* ...................... 29.5 ..........105
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
Malaria cases/100,000 pop.* ................................. 0.0 ..............1
Business impact of malaria .................................... 6.8 ..............1
Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.* ....................... 16.0 ............35
Business impact of tuberculosis ............................. 6.7 ............16
HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* ............................... 0.1 ..............1
Business impact of HIV/AIDS ................................. 6.9 ..............1
Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* .............. 18.6 ............82
Life expectancy, years*......................................... 71.1 ............88
Quality of primary education ................................... 2.1 ..........139
Primary education enrollment, net %* .................. 95.1 ............59
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
Secondary education enrollment, gross %* .......... 86.3 ............80
Tertiary education enrollment, gross %*................ 30.1 ............77
Quality of the education system ............................. 2.1 ..........139
Quality of math and science education .................. 2.6 ..........131
Quality of management schools ............................. 2.5 ..........139
Internet access in schools ...................................... 2.6 ..........132
Availability of specialized training services .............. 2.7 ..........139
Extent of staff training ............................................ 2.7 ..........139
2nd pillar: Infrastructure
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
No. procedures to start a business* .......................... 7 ............76
No. days to start a business* ................................. 8.0 ............42
Agricultural policy costs.......................................... 2.9 ..........129
Prevalence of non-tariff barriers .............................. 4.0 ..........105
Trade tariffs, % duty* ............................................ 14.0 ..........132
Prevalence of foreign ownership............................. 3.4 ..........125
Business impact of rules on FDI ............................. 3.8 ..........113
Burden of customs procedures .............................. 3.8 ............80
Imports as a percentage of GDP* ........................ 29.4 ..........119
Degree of customer orientation .............................. 4.9 ............46
Buyer sophistication ............................................... 2.8 ..........121
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
7.10
Cooperation in labor-employer relations ................. 4.1 ............92
Flexibility of wage determination ............................. 5.0 ............70
Hiring and firing practices ....................................... 3.9 ............65
Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* .................... 36.9 ..........130
Effect of taxation on incentives to work .................. 3.4 ..........105
Pay and productivity............................................... 3.2 ..........126
Reliance on professional management ................... 3.1 ..........133
Country capacity to retain talent............................. 2.9 ..........101
Country capacity to attract talent ........................... 2.7 ..........108
Women in labor force, ratio to men* ..................... 0.33 ..........135
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
Availability of financial services ............................... 3.4 ..........129
Affordability of financial services ............................. 3.3 ..........126
Financing through local equity market .................... 3.8 ............55
Ease of access to loans ......................................... 1.9 ..........128
Venture capital availability ....................................... 2.5 ............91
Soundness of banks .............................................. 4.8 ............70
Regulation of securities exchanges ........................ 3.7 ..........102
Legal rights index, 0–12 (best)* ................................. 2 ..........106
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
9.07
Availability of latest technologies ............................ 3.9 ..........120
Firm-level technology absorption ............................ 3.8 ..........126
FDI and technology transfer ................................... 4.4 ............75
Individuals using Internet, %* ............................... 31.7 ............95
Fixed-broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* .. 3.7 ............91
Int’l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user* .................. 9.3 ..........101
Mobile-broadband subscriptions/100 pop.* ......... 43.5 ............68
10.01
10.02
10.03
10.04
Domestic market size index, 1–7 (best)*................. 5.0 ............20
Foreign market size index, 1–7 (best)* .................... 5.1 ............46
GDP (PPP$ billions)* .......................................... 943.1 ............25
Exports as a percentage of GDP* ........................ 16.5 ..........131
11.01
11.02
11.03
11.04
11.05
11.06
11.07
11.08
11.09
Local supplier quantity ........................................... 4.5 ............68
Local supplier quality.............................................. 3.8 ..........109
State of cluster development.................................. 4.3 ............32
Nature of competitive advantage ............................ 3.2 ............90
Value chain breadth................................................ 3.7 ............73
Control of international distribution ......................... 3.0 ..........133
Production process sophistication.......................... 3.2 ..........108
Extent of marketing ................................................ 3.8 ..........113
Willingness to delegate authority ............................ 4.2 ............34
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Capacity for innovation........................................... 3.1 ..........133
Quality of scientific research institutions ................. 2.6 ..........128
Company spending on R&D................................... 2.4 ..........133
University-industry collaboration in R&D ................. 2.4 ..........132
Gov’t procurement of advanced tech products ...... 3.2 ............80
Availability of scientists and engineers .................... 4.3 ............45
PCT patents, applications/million pop.* .................. 0.6 ............77
7th pillar: Labor market efficiency
8th pillar: Financial market development
3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment
4th pillar: Health and primary education
5th pillar: Higher education and training
6th pillar: Goods market efficiency
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
Intensity of local competition .................................. 4.2 ..........128
Extent of market dominance .................................. 3.3 ............99
Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy ..................... 3.6 ............92
Effect of taxation on incentives to invest................. 3.4 ............90
Total tax rate, % profits* ....................................... 45.0 ............98
9th pillar: Technological readiness
10th pillar: Market size
11th pillar: Business sophistication
12th pillar: Innovation
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section “How to Read
the Country/Economy Profiles” on page 89.
© 2015 World Economic Forum
The Global Competitiveness Report 2015–2016 | 161