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Embryonic Development Minimal Requirements for Lab Identify Structure and Name Function I. Models A. Development from a zygote to a gastrula 1. Fertilization – fusion of pronuclei to form a zygote 2. Cleavage – formation of blastomeres (2-, 4-, 8- and 16-cell stages) 3. Morula 4. Blastula i. Inner cell mass (ICM) ii. Blastocoele (blastocyst cavity) iii. Trophoblast 5. Gastrulation – formation of the trilaminar disk (3 primary germ layers) from the bilaminar disk (hypoblast and epiblast) i. Endoderm ii. Mesoderm iii. Ectoderm B. Embryo – 0 to 8 weeks C. Fetus – 9 weeks to birth D. Implantation 1. Fetal portion – chorion that develops from the trophoblast i. Cellular trophoblast (cytotrophoblast) ii. Synctial trophoblast (syncytiotrophoblast) 1) Chorionic villi – containing embryonic blood vessels E. Extraembryonic membranes 1. Yolk sac 2. Amniotic sac 3. Allantois – within the body stalk 4. Chorion F. Umbilical cord – containing 2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein G. Placentation 1. Maternal portion i. Decidua basalis – maternal portion of the placenta and part of endometrium 1) Intervillus space (lacunae) – containing maternal blood ii. Decidua capsularis – endometrium surrounding embryo but not part of placenta iii. Decidua parietalis – endometrium not surrounding embryo or placenta 2. Extraembryonic coelom