Download Chapter 7, Lesson 2 - Leon County Schools

1. STUDY FOR QUIZ!!!
2. TAKE OUT A
WRITING UTENSIL
AND PREPARE FOR
THE QUIZ.
1. TAKE OUT OUTLINE
& TURN TO 7.2
2. HAVE A WRITING
UTENSIL OUT
ANCIENT GREECE
LESSON 2: SPARTA AND ATHENS
POLITICAL CHANGES
A. As Greek city-states grew, wealthy nobles
seized power from kings, however they did
not rule for very long.
B. Small farmers wanted political change,
and merchants and artisans also called for
reforms.
C. The growing unrest led to the rise of
tyrants, a leader who seized power and
ruled with total authority. The harsh rule of a
few tyrants gave the word “tyranny” its
current meaning: Rule by a cruel and
unjust person.
POLITICAL CHANGES
D. Tyrants ruled many of the Greek city-states until about 500 B.C.
Then, most city-states developed into either oligarchies, in which a
few wealthy people hold power over a group of citizens, or
democracies, where citizens share in running the government.
E. Two of the major city-states in ancient Greece, Sparta and
Athens, were governed very differently and created different societies.
SPARTA: A MILITARY SOCIETY
Located on the Peloponnesus
Peninsula in southern Greece, the
people living in the city-state of
Sparta were known as Spartans and
were descendants of the Dorians.
Sparta invaded neighboring citystates and enslaved the local
people, calling these laborers helots a Greek word meaning “capture”.
A STRONG MILITARY
A military society that stressed
discipline, Sparta’s government
prepared all boys and men for a life
of war. Boys left their homes at age
seven to join the military. Men
entered the regular army at age 20.
A STRONG MILITARY
Since Spartan men lived away from
home, Spartan women enjoyed
more freedom than the women of
other Greek city-states:
 They could own property and
travel.
 Girls were trained in sports.
 Their main goal was to raise
sons who were brave and strong
soldiers.
HOW WAS SPARTA GOVERNED?
A. An oligarchy, two kings ruled jointly but
they had little power. Sparta had two
other governing bodies: the assembly
and the council of elders.
B. The assembly, including all male citizens
over the age of 30, made decisions about
war and peace. The council of elders
served as judges and each year elected five
people to be ephors – those who enforced
the laws and managed the collection of
taxes.
HOW WAS SPARTA GOVERNED?
C. Sparta’s strict government
brought stability, but because the
government feared losing the
helots, they discouraged free
thinking and new ideas. Sparta did
not welcome foreign visitors and
prevented citizens from
traveling outside the city-state
except for military reasons.
HOW WAS SPARTA GOVERNED?
D. For Sparta’s
strong army, the
only important
goals were
military power
and victory.
ATHENS: A YOUNG DEMOCRACY
Located northeast of Sparta, Athens
was founded by the descendants of
the Mycenaeans and was very
different from the city-state of
Sparta.
ATHENS: A YOUNG DEMOCRACY
An Athenian Education
 Males were educated in Athens. Boys
studied arithmetic, geometry, drawing,
music and public speaking.
 Athenians believed this form of education
produced young people with strong minds
and bodies.
 Athenian mothers educated their daughters
at home where they learned spinning,
weaving, and other household duties.
 Overall, women were expected to marry and
care for their children. They did not
play an active role in business or
government in Athens.
Boys:
- Protect the city
- Be a good citizen
- Book and physical
- Girls & Boys learn to
learning
fight
- Until 6, taught at home
- Unhealthy babies die
on hill
Military - Until 14, go to school –
reading writing, math,
training
Boys:
literature, sports, singing,
for all
*Age 7 – go to camp to
and playing instruments
boys
learn how to be tough,
- 18 – military training
steal, and fight
Girls:
* Age 20 – take a
– how to read, write, cook,
warrior test
clean, make clothing, songs,
and dances
* Live in barracks until
30 years old
- Some rich women had a
better education
EARLY REFORMS
In 594 B.C., a merchant named
Solon ended the farmers’ debts
and freed the enslaved. He
also opened the assembly and law
courts to all male citizens.
The common people praised
Solon’s reforms, but many
Athenians remained unhappy.
EARLY REFORMS
In 560 B.C., a tyrant named
Peisistratus made reforms that
divided large estates among
farmers who had no land. He
provided loans to help farmers
buy equipment and gave
citizenship to Athenians who did
not own land.
TOWARD DEMOCRACY
After Peisistratus died, a noble named
Cleisthenes became the leader of Athens
and made the assembly the citystate’s major governing body. Assembly
members could now discuss issues
freely, hear legal cases and appoint
army officials.
Cleisthenes also created a new council
of 500 citizens to help the assembly
manage daily government affairs.
TOWARD DEMOCRACY
Because council members could only
serve a year term, and only two terms,
every citizen had a chance to be a
council member.
Still, people who were not citizens
could not participate in the
government – this group included
Athenian women, foreign-born men,
and enslaved people.