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Name: Class: Date: IGNEOUS ROCKS Igneous comes from the Latin word ignis, meaning “fire”. Igneous rock is any rock that forms from cooled magma or lava. Extrusive igneous rocks are formed from lava that erupted at the Earth’s surface. Basalt, pumice and obsidian are common extrusive rocks. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when magma cools and hardens below the Earth’s surface. Granite and gabbro are the most common intrusive rocks. The texture of igneous rocks depends on the size of their mineral crystals. Rapidly cooling lava forms fine-grained extrusive rock with small crystals, such as basalt. If lava cools fast enough to trap air bubbles inside, it can produce a lightweight extrusive rock called pumice. If lava encounters water, it cools instantly. Since there is no time for crystals to form, a type of volcanic glass called obsidian is produced. Below the Earth’s surface, slow-cooling magma forms coarse-grained intrusive rock with large crystals, like granite. 1. Formation of Igneous Rock Fill in the blanks by looking at the diagram below. Word Bank Granite Basalt Pumice Obsidian Instantly Very Quickly Quickly Slowly Frothy lava is thrown into the air Lava flows into a water and cools and cools ____________, trapping _____________. There is no time for pockets of air inside. Rock Name = crystals to form. Rock Name = _______________ _______________ Magma below the surface cools Lava outside the volcano cools ____________. The igneous rock ____________. The igneous rock contains large crystals. contains small crystals. Rock Name = _______________ Rock Name = _______________