Download Workbook 6 - Macmillan Caribbean

CARIBBEAN PRIMARY SCIENCE
Workbook 6
David and Penny Glover
David and Penny Glover
This course has been written
through
a close
This course
has
been written through a close collaboration
collaboration between experienced
teachers
primary
between experiencedand
teachers
and primary science
science specialists.
specialists.
• Fortuna Anthony • Pamela
Hunte
• Nelson
Longsworth
• Fortuna
Anthony
• Pamela
Hunte • Nelson Longsworth
•
Ryan
Mongroo
• Eulie Mantock • Frank•Newton
Eulie Mantock • Ryan Mongroo • Frank Newton
• Doltan Ramsubeik • Motielall
• Dwight Steadford
• DoltanSingh
Ramsubeik • Moteilall Singh • Dwight Steadford
CONTENTS
Contents
Unit 1 Sight and sound
The eye
Correcting eye defects
Eye care and protection
Optical illusions
Light and materials
Reflection
Refraction
The ear
Ear problems and care
Sound waves
Musical instruments
Sound reflection and absorption
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Unit 2 Systems in plants and animals
Plants: organs and systems
Plants: root systems
Plants: shoot systems
Leaves
Flowers, fruits and seeds
Body systems
Skeleton
Muscle power
Circulation
Excretion
Reproductive organs
Puberty
14
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Unit 3 Health
Communicable disease
Microbes
Food preservation
Vaccination
Drugs
Dangerous drugs
Dealing with drug issues
26
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Unit 4 The environment
The rainforest ecosystem
Deforestation Threats to the environment
Conservation
The 3Rs — Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Sustainable development
33
33
34
35
36
37
38
Unit 5 Measurement and motion
Measuring mass
Measuring volume
Types of motion
Force, weight, motion and mass
Energy and motion
39
39
40
41
42
43
Unit 6 Magnetism and electricity Magnetic materials
Magnetic poles
Making magnets
Using magnets
Electric circuits
Circuit projects
Sources of electricity
Alternative energy sources
Conserving electricity
44
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
Unit 7 The Earth and space
What are earthquakes?
Earthquakes and people
How big are the planets?
Observing the Universe
53
53
54
55
56
UNIT 1 SIGHT AND SOUND
The eye
1. Match the words to their definitions.
pupil
iris
cornea
lens
retina
optic nerve
The light-sensitive layer that covers the inside surface of the back of the eye.____________
The black aperture (hole) at the centre of the iris through which light passes into the eye. ____________
The nerve which carries information from the eye to the brain. ____________
The transparent disc which changes thickness to focus on objects at different distances. ____________
The coloured ring that surrounds the pupil. ____________
The outer surface of the eye. ____________
2. Mark each of these statements as true () or false ().
(a) Information from the eye travels as electrical pulses to the brain. ( )
(b) The lens focuses an image on to the cornea. ( )
(c) The image produced by the lens is upside down. ( )
(d) The point closest to the eye at which you can see clearly is called the far point. (
3. On these diagrams of the eye draw the pupils as they would appear:
(a) in bright light (b) in dim light.
(a) Bright light
(b) Dim light
4. Explain briefly the differences between your drawings for question 3
In bright light the pupil ______________________________________.
In dim light the pupil ________________________________________.
5. Label this diagram of the interior eye. Use the words below.
retina
optic nerve
ciliary muscles
lens
iris
cornea
2
)
UNIT 1 SIGHT AND SOUND
Correcting eye defects
1. Identify these lenses as concave or convex.
2. Draw the light rays after they have passed through the lenses.
3. Name the type of lens that concentrates light. _________________
Name the type of lens that spreads light out. _________________
4. Match these words to their descriptions.
short-sighted
long-sighted
Describes a person whose eyes concentrate light from distant objects too much so that the
image is formed in front of the retina. Distant objects are not in focus. ______________
Describes a person whose eyes cannot concentrate light from nearby objects enough to form an
image on the retina. Nearby objects are not in focus. ___________
5. Mark each of these statements as true () or false ().
(a) A short-sighted person should wear spectacles with concave lenses. ( )
(b) A long-sighted person should wear spectacles with convex lenses. ( )
(c) A concave lens works as a magnifying glass. ( )
(d) A thin convex lens concentrates light more strongly than a thicker lens. ( )
3
UNIT 1 SIGHT AND SOUND
Eye care and protection
1. Label this diagram of the exterior of the eye.
eyelid
eyelashes
iris
pupil
tear duct
2. Describe briefly how the eye protects itself when:
A small insect flies into it _________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Something moves towards it suddenly ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The Sun is very bright ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
There is a sudden bright flash of light _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Mark each of these statements as true () or false ().
You should use a matchstick to remove a piece of grit from your eye. ( )
You should never look directly at the Sun. ( )
It’s better for your eyes to turn out the room lights when you are watching TV. ( )
You should rest your eyes for a few minutes every hour when doing computer work. ( )
4.Regular blinking spreads moisture over the surface of the eye. The moisture helps protect the eye
from dust and other foreign bodies.
Observe a classmate or relative as they read a book. Count the number of times they blink in 5
minutes. Calculate their blink rate in blinks per minute.
Repeat the observation for different people or for one person as they do different tasks. How
much do blink rates differ? What is the average blink rate?
4
UNIT 1 SIGHT AND SOUND
Optical illusions
1. Which arrow passes all the way through, A or B? Check by drawing a line with a ruler.
A
2. Which part of the T is
longer, the top or the
upright? Measure the lines
with a ruler to check your
answer.
B
Top length = _____ cm
Upright length = _____ cm
3. Can you make this shape from modelling clay? Why not? (Try colouring the shape in to see
why it is impossible.)
4. Which line is longer, A or B? Measure the lines to check your answer.
A
B
A = _________ cm
B = _________ cm
5
UNIT 1 SIGHT AND SOUND
Light and materials
1. Match these words to their definitions.
transparent
translucent
opaque
disperse
Describes a material that light does not pass through. _____________
Describes a material that allows light to pass through, but scatters the light in random
direction. _____________
To separate a mixture of different light colours into a spectrum. __________
Describes a material that allows light to pass straight through it. _____________
2. Write the names of these materials in the correct columns of the table.
window glass
black cloth
metal
milk
pure water
rock
Transparent
Translucent
tissue paper
air
Opaque
Add more materials to your table.
3. Mark each of these statements as true () or false ().
(a)A mirror absorbs light. ( )
(b)Shiny metal reflects light. ( )
(c)You cannot see through a black card because it disperses light. ( )
(d)When white light is dispersed, it is separated into the colours of the rainbow. ( )
4. Use a bright torch to compare how well different types of paper block light. Place a sheet of
paper in front of the torch. Can you see the light? How many sheets of the paper are needed to
block the light completely? Record your results in a table.
Type of paper
photocopy paper
tissue paper
drawing paper
6
Number of sheets to block light