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Transcript
The Atmosphere and Weather From Science Content Standards for California Public Schools 5th Grade Water on Earth moves between the oceans and land through the processes of evaporation and condensation. As a basis for understanding this concept: 1st Grade • Weather can be observed, measured, and described. As a basis for understanding this concept: •Students know when liquid water evaporates, it turns into water vapor in the air and can reappear as a • Students know how to use simple tools (e.g., thermometer, wind vane) to measure weather conditions and record changes from day to day and across the seasons. • Students know that the weather changes from day to day but that trends in temperature or of rain (or snow) tend to be predictable during a season. • Students know the sun warms the land, air, and water. 6th Grade Students know most of Earth's water is present as salt water in the oceans, which cover most of Earth's surface. liquid when cooled or as a solid if cooled below the freezing point of water. • Students know water vapor in the air moves from one place to another and can form fog or clouds, which are tiny droplets of water or ice, and can fall to Earth as rain, hail, sleet, or snow. Energy from the Sun heats Earth unevenly, causing air movements that result in changing weather patterns. As a basis for understanding this concept: • Students know uneven heating of Earth causes air movements (convection currents). • Students know the influence that the ocean has on the weather and the role that the water cycle plays in weather patterns. • Students know the causes and effects of different types of severe weather. • Students know how to use weather maps and data to predict local weather and know that weather forecasts depend on many variables. • Students know that the Earth's atmosphere exerts a pressure that decreases with distance above Earth's surface and that at any point it exerts this pressure equally in all directions. Outgassing from Volcanoes Many phenomena on Earth's surface are affected by the transfer of energy through radiation and convection currents. As a basis for understanding this concept: • Students know the sun is the major source of energy for phenomena on Earth's surface; it powers winds, ocean currents, and the water cycle. • Students know solar energy reaches Earth through radiation, mostly in the form of visible light. • Students know heat from Earth's interior reaches the surface primarily through convection. • Students know convection currents distribute heat in the atmosphere and oceans. • Students know differences in pressure, heat, air movement, and humidity result in changes of weather. Layers of the Atmosphere 1 California Annual Thickness of Troposphere with Latitude Pole Precipitation Over 100 in × 7070-75 in × 5555-60 in × 4040-45 in × 3030-35 in × 2020-25 in × 1010-15 in × 0-5 in Source: Oregon Climate Service, 1995 CA Annual Average (1961-1990) inches Equator Average Monthly Precipitation in Bakersfield × Annual Precipitation in Bakersfield 14 1.2 12 1 Average Precipitation (in) 10 0.8 8 0.6 6 0.4 4 2 0.2 0 1880 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep The Hydrologic Cycle Oct Nov 1900 1920 Dec 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 Y ear Relative Humidity 2 Rising and Sinking Air Circulation around Regions of Rising and Sinking Air More Detailed Global Circulation General Global Circulation Driven by Temperature Differences Rain Shadow Effect 3 Large-Scale Pressure Systems Summer Jet Streams Winter From: Whiteman, Mountain Meteorology Position of the Polar Front Jet Stream Cold Front From: Whiteman Mountain Meteorology Warm Front Typical West Coast Winter Weather Pattern Jet Stream April 1, 2007 4 California Winter Storms Weather Pattern Jet Stream December 31, 2005 March 27, 2007 From CSET Practice Exam 5