Download Name: Date: Section: Science Study Guide: Concepts/Ideas to know

Name:
Date:
Section:
Science
Study Guide:
Concepts/Ideas to know:
1. Functions of the skeleton:
-provides shape and support
-enables you to move
-protects your organs
-produces blood cells
-stores minerals
2. How many bones make up your skeleton? How many make up your backbone? How many bones
does a baby have?
206 skeleton, 26 vertebrae make up the backbone. A baby has 300 bones.
3. What are immovable and movable joints?
Immovable joints connect bones but show little to no movement. Example: skull
Movable joints- most joints in the body are moveable. They are held together by ligaments which are
strong connective tissues
Moveable joints include:
Ball and socket joints, which allows the greatest range of motion, ex: hip/shoulder
Hinge joints: forward or backward motion, ex: knee, elbow, toes
Gliding joints: allows one bone to slide over another, ex: wrist
Pivot joint: allows one bone to rotate around another bone, ex: neck
4. Describe the characteristics of the layers of the bone:
Yellow bone marrow: found in the middle of the bone, it stores fat
Red bone marrow: fills the spaces in the spongy bone and produces most of the blood cells
Compact bone: found beneath the membrane, it is hard and dense but not solid. Contains minerals that
give bones strength.
Outer membrane: thin and tough, it covers all of a typical bone except the edges
Spongy Bone: Lightweight but still strong
Marrow: a soft connective tissue, innermost part of the bone
5. What is cartilage?
A strong connective tissue that is more flexible than bone. When you were born, most of your cones
were made of cartilage.
6. How do you keep bones healthy? What is osteoporosis?
Balanced diet and exercise are important for healthy bones- this includes getting calcium and
phosphorous to keep bones strong while they are growing. As you age your bones start to lose some
minerals, this mineral loss can lead to osteoporosis, where bones break easily.
7. Use your skeletal system model sheet from your table of contents to practice labeling the skeleton.
(Attached)
8. How many muscles are there in the body?
Over 600
9. Know the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles.
Voluntary muscles: muscles under your control, things like waving, running, skateboarding, jumping,
swimming, etc.
Involuntary muscles: muscles not under your conscious control, things like smiling, breathing, blinking,
digesting food
Skeletal muscles-voluntary
Smooth/cardiac= involuntary
10. Know and describe skeletal muscle:
-Moves bones
-React quickly and tire quickly
-Attached to the bone by tendons
-appears striated or banded
-Skeletal muscles work in pairs. Muscle cells can only contract, not lengthen. One muscle contract s and
the other relaxes, ex: biceps and triceps.
11. Know and describe smooth muscle:
-controls movement of internal organs
-react slowly and tire slowly
-not striated
12. Know and describe cardiac muscles:
-found only in the heart & controls the contractions that cause our heartbeat
-cardiac muscle does NOT tire easily!
-appears striated or banded
13. What is a tendon?
A tendon is a strong connective tissue that attaches the muscle to a bone
14. What is the outer surface of bone called?
Periosteum
15. What is the innermost part of bone called?
Bone marrow
16. Know the three basic jobs of the bones:
Allows body to move, protects organs, and produces blood cells
17. Know what bones are made up of:
Blood vessels, nerves, bone tissue
18. Know what a joint is:
The place where bones meet
19. Know what ligaments are:
Strong rubber bands that hold joints together.