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1450 CE – 1750 CE Timeline and Chart (DUE: at the end of February)
For Timeline:
• Choose one of the following pairs of places:
•  AMERICAS and EUROPE
•  EAST ASIA and SOUTH ASIA
•  EUROPE and EAST ASIA
•  CENTRAL ASIA ( w Europe if you need) and EAST ASIA
•  OCEANIA/ SOUTHEAST ASIA and EUROPE
•  SUB SAHARAN AFRICA and EUROPE
•  MIDDLE EAST and EUROPE
For CHART:
• Remember to clearly identify REGIONS for Change and Continuities
• Remember to give REASON for a Change AND Continuity that YOU identified
Week of February 2nd….
Due Tuesday 2/3:
Notebook Check
(50 points)
Due Wednesday 2/4:
C 23 study questions/ terms/YOUR section
of handout
THURSDAY 2/5: In class DBQ
FEBRUARY: AP Test Registration
FIELD TRIP TH 3/12
AP World Midterm review: How much do you remember?
Write the names of the people at your table at the top
of the page. Write your period #
-1 for every question
1.
2.
3.
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6.
7.
22.
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25.
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27.
28.
8.
9.
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13.
14.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
15.
16.
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21.
36.
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wrong and:
2nd Place: addt’l -1
3rd : -2
4th : -3
5th : -4
6th : -5
Tie decided by #correct
PERIODIZATION=
• 
The evaluation of a particular event as a turning
point between different definable historical
periods, when considered in terms of particular
historical evidence.
• 
SO: why 1450? And NOT 1492?
• 
In the development of your argument, explain
what changed and what stayed the same from
the period immediately before the turning point
date and immediately following it.
Medieval vs. Renaissance Art
Plato
Aristotle
Ptolemy
Raphael
Raphael: 1483-1520
“The School of Athens”
Michaelangelo
Sandro Botticelli: 1444-1510
“Birth of Venus”
Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446)
El Duomo: 142 feet high, 4 million bricks
Leonardo da Vinci: 1452-1519
“The Last Supper” 1498
Leonardo da Vinci: 1452-1519
“Mona Lisa”
Jan van Eyck: 1395- 1441
“Arnolfini Wedding”
Chinese and European Exploration: 1405-1498
•  motives = profit (sugarcane, slavery) , missionary activity, show of power
•  Portuguese excel: Prince Henry the Navigator (Gibraltor 1415)
•  wanted to avoid Muslim “middlemen” in trade with the East
•  1488: Bartolomeu Dias sailed around Cape of Good Hope
•  1497-1499 Vasco de Gama : sailed to India and back
•  1492: Columbus: sailed to the “Indies” (a.k.a San Salvador)
Explain the cartoon
1450- 1750 CE: The “Early Modern” Period
•  The two hemispheres are joined in sustained contact AND
British
Hegemony?
so world trade networks flourish- fewer people remain
outside of its influence- process of real GLOBALIZATION begins
•  Balance of power in the world shifts in favor of Western Europe
•  Land based empires retain control and power through
use of gunpowder (Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals)
•  Labor systems transformed: slavery becomes central to world
economy and expands to New World/ social systems established
in Americas based on race
•  Previously held belief systems are challenged (Reformation) while in some
places reaffirmation of traditional beliefs=stability
•  Population compositions change world wide (plague, contact with Americas,
reconfiguration of family, role of women)
Chapter 22: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections
We have seen Transoceanic Encounters BeforeEXAMPLES??
We have seen Global Connections BeforeEXAMPLES?
1. What are the preconditions for exploration in the 15th C?
Why the West?:
Political Stability
Answers lie in:
Economic strength and wealth (government taxes or
investors)
ü  geography
ü  political and economic
Willingness to take risks
pluralism
Skilled and educated workers
ü  military inventions
ü  empowerment of middle
Technological Innovation
class
1. Why the West?
ü  spirit of invention and
free enterprise
(By 1900, Europe controlled 85%
Of the globe)
q Psychological and physical obstacles impeded
early exploration
q Thought there was a vast southern land mass that would
block travel to the East around Africa
q Thought the earth was 7/8 land, underestimated size of earth
Ptolemy’s View of the World (from Geographia c: 150 CE)
- allowed European cartographers to reconstruct Ptolemy's world view
when an ancient Greek manuscript was translated into Latin around 1300.
Chapter 22: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections
Mixed Motives:
New technologies used in navigation:
Chinese and European Exploration: 1405-1498
•  motives = profit (sugarcane, slavery, gold) trade, missionary activity, show of power
•  Portuguese excel: Prince Henry the Navigator (Gibraltor 1415)
•  wanted to avoid Muslim “middlemen” in trade with the East
•  (collapse of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 affected the trade routes… )
•  1488: Bartolomeu Dias sailed around Cape of Good Hope
•  1497-1499 Vasco de Gama : sailed to India and back
•  1492: Columbus: sailed to the “Indies” (a.k.a San Salvador)
Why did England get involved
In exploration so late?
“good voyage” = scurvy
claimed the lives of only
20% of the crew
Da Gama lost 126/170 men
Wind and Current Patterns in the World’s Oceans
Martin Behaim: creator of the first spherical globe of the Earth
Used Ptolemy’s calculations for circumference = 16,000 miles (9000 miles short)
Insisted until the day he died (1504)that he reached Asia
EFFECTS?
• Demographic (+)/ Migrations of Populations (+)(-)
• Economic Growth/ Creation of First Global Trading System (+)
• Creation of New Business Opportunities (+)
• Global Diffusion of Food and Domestic Animals(+)
• Increased Health and Nutrition (+)
Permanent Alteration of
Earth’s Cultural Exchange (+)
Environment (-)(+)
Devastating Spread of Disease Pathogens (-)
Pope Alexander VI issued a “Line of Demarcation” in 1493…
Treaty of Tordesilla 1494
Spain
Portugal
Effects:
FR out of India
GB got FR colonies in Canada
FR kept Caribbean posts
SP kept Cuba
______________________________________________________________________
GB took Florida
1400
1500
1600
1700 GB wins: British hegemony
1800 CE
Prince Henry (P)
Motives?
Alfonso
d’Albuquerque (P)
Bartholomeu Dias (P)
Vasco de Gama (P)
Ferdinand Magellan (P)
Christopher
Columbus(S)
English East
James Cook (GB)
India Co (GB)
Vitus Bering (Russia)
United East
Seven Year’s War
India Co (VOC)
1756-1763
(Dutch) Effects?
GLOBAL COMPETITION
MERCANTILISM
(Dutch kick out Portugal,
FR and GB compete for India,
FR, GB and SP in Americas)
Spain captures
Philippines
Sir Frances Drake (GB)
Russia expands into Siberia
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Advantage of Dutch and English over Portuguese (By 1600) English East India Company, established 1600 Dutch United East India Company (VOC), established 1602 Privately owned ships, government support Empowered with right to engage in trade, build posts, even make war Exceptionally profitable Establishment of Trading
Post Empires
•  Portuguese first
(economic reasons)
•  Alfonso d’Alboquerque
(safe conduct passes?)
•  Portuguese control declines
by end of 16th C (WHY?)
English and Dutch Trading Posts
English East India Trading Co
Dutch United East India Co (VOC)
How were these trading companies
organized and administered?
How were they able to establish
themselves in Asia?
Spanish in the
Philippines
Vs.
Dutch in Indonesia?
(Direct vs. Indirect rule)
Roald Amundsen
1872-1928
Waldeseemuller’s world map 1507
Jan Stobnicza 1512
The Ambassadors (1533)
is a painting by
Hans Holbein the Younger
Social:
S
P
Development
and
Transformation
of social
structures
Political:
State-building,
expansion and
conflict
I
C
Interaction
E
Between
humans and the
environment
Social:
S
Development
and
Transformation
of social
structures
Loss of status for noble class/ rise of the peasants as consumers and a
growing middle class/ middle class assuming larger role in government
economic power rests with family (cottage industries form to replace guilds)
World Population rose: 400 million (1500) to 900 million (1800)
P
Political:
State-building,
expansion and
conflict
State sponsored exploration (Portugal and Spain first)/ helped fuel
economy
Empire building (trading posts, colonies) tied to missionary and
economic efforts
I
Exploration as source of identity and power in W Europe
C
Seven Year’s War (1756-1763)- power shift away from Ming, Abbasid,
Byzantine, Mongols..
Interaction
E
Between
humans and the
environment
European geography facilitated the building of nation-states
Volta do Mar, knowledge of wind currents
North Star, knowledge of latitude
Culture:
S
Development
and interaction
of cultures
P
I
C
E
Economic:
Creation,
expansion and
interaction of
economic
systems
Culture:
S
Development
and interaction
of cultures
Renaissance as a foundation for this period
Primacy of the Roman Christian Church is fading in Western Europe
Role in political affairs is weakening
Still subject of art, missionary movement still strong, Crusades,
Reconquista
P
I
C
E
Adopt sternpost rudder, compass, lateen sail, gunpowder, mapmaking,
Exploration (Manila Galleons 1565-1815)
Nation states are tied to the church
Economic:
Creation,
expansion and
interaction of
economic
systems
Wanted to circumvent Muslim intermediaries- find new route to the East
Land routes not as safe with fall of Mongols – need to find a sea route
Cash crops – mining and trade of silver (Role of the Chinese here?)
Trading post empires, banking, adoption of Arabic numerals, safe conduct passes
English East India Co 1600, United East India Co (VOC) 1602
New business practices: joint stock companies, banking, birth of Capitalism
(explore for profit, supply and demand control the marketplace)
Improvement in mining techniques, Improvements in military technology,
printing press
Period 09: Front of the Room
Door
Christopher
Ayling
Samuel
Rozenfeld
Maria Prato
David
Sinderovsky
Brittany
Swafford
Austin
Marcus
Jonathan
Tunkara
Alexa
Spagnola
Morgan
Fitzpatrick
Abigail
Langer
Chloe
Galler
Jessica
D’Agostino
Michael
Krepich
Brett
Randby
Jessica
Rubanich
Brian
Musial
Kenneth
Meier
Zoe
Hertz
Ryan
Keim
Brian
Deiss
Thayne
George
Isabella
Webster
Callum
Harding
Noel
George
Evan
Kutney
Noah
DeSimone
Windows
ANNOTATE =
add notes to (a text
or diagram) giving
explanation or
comment