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GCSE History Knowledge Test
UNIT 1: 1 How did the Cold War in Europe develop?
Arms race
Alliance
When countries compete to have the most effective armed forces.
A formal agreement between countries.
Propaganda
Information that is deliberately designed to win political support.
An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry
are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
A theory or system of social organisation in which all property is owned by
the community where everybody contributes.
Capitalism
Communism
Nuclear
holocaust
The virtual destruction of the human race by nuclear wrongdoings.
Atomic Bomb
1941: an alliance made during World War II, which joined together the
United States, the Soviet Union and Great Britain.
1943: a strategy meeting of the USSR, USA and Great Britain. The main
outcome was the Western Allies' commitment to open a second front
against Nazi Germany.
1945: the meeting of the United States, the United Kingdom and the
Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war
reorganisation.
Soviet Union leader Josef Stalin; U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt; and
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
1945: Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill (replaced on July 26 by Prime
Minister Clement Attlee), and U.S. President Harry Truman met to
negotiate terms for the end of World War II.
A highly destructive nuclear weapon.
Truman
US President 1945-53.
Stalin
Soviet Premier (leader) 1929-53.
Formed the imaginary boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas
from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in
1991.
US Ambassador in Moscow.
Grand Alliance
Tehran
Conference
Yalta
Conference
‘Big Three’
Potsdam
Conference
Iron Curtain
Kennan
Novikov
USSR Ambassador in Washington.
A diplomat sent by a state as its permanent representative in a foreign
Ambassador
country.
1946: Kennan’s telegram to President Truman stating that the USSR is
Long Telegram
going to destroy capitalism.
Novikov’s
1946: Novikov’s telegram to Stalin saying that the USA desired to
Telegram
dominate the world.
Doctrine
A statement of ideas.
1947: A policy that stated the world had a choice between communist
tyranny and democratic freedom and that America would fight for liberty
wherever it was threatened.
1947: committed $13 billion of American money to rebuild the shattered
Marshall Plan economies of Europe; by encouraging prosperity, they hoped this would
weaken the attraction of Communism.
Aid
Financial assistance given by richer countries to poorer countries.
Tito
Yugoslavian Communist leader 1943-1980.
Countries that are formally independent in the world, but under heavy
Satellite States political, economic and military influence or control from another
country.
‘Sphere of
A country or area in which another country has power to affect
influence’
developments though it has no formal authority.
1947: The Communist Information Bureau, represented Communist
Cominform
parties across Europe and brought them under the direction of the USSR.
1949: The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, Stalin’s answer to the
Comecon
Marshall Plan to encourage the economic development of Eastern
Europe.
Boycott
To refuse to take part in something.
The combination of the American and the British occupation zones in
Bizonia
1947 during the occupation of Germany after World War II.
Blockade
An attempt to prevent resources reaching their destination.
Berlin
1948-49: Stalin set up a blockade around West Berlin to cut Western
Blockade
Germany off from its capital.
FDR
Federal Republic of Germany – West Germany
GDR
German Democratic Republic – East Germany
1949: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, an alliance between the USA
and many other countries in Western Europe stating that if any member
NATO
country came under attack, all other members would come to their
defence.
1955: a military alliance of Eastern European countries that mirrored
Warsaw Pact
NATO.
Rakosi
Leader of Hungary (1949-1953 and 1955-56); known as ‘the Bald Butcher’.
Khrushchev
Soviet Premier (leader) 1953-64.
Nagy
Leader of Hungary 1953-55; very liberal thinker.
‘Secret
Khrushchev promises and end to Stalinism throughout the entire Soviet
Speech’
sphere of influence.
Leader of Hungary 1956-88; re-established Communist control of
Kadar
Hungary.
Truman
Doctrine