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Download The Origins of the Cold War
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The Origins of the Cold War I. Roots of Mistrust A. Several Sources of Mistrust Intervened in the Russian Civil War Versailles Peace talks in 1919 Excluded Highly distrustful A world revolution Even after the Nazi assumption of power Strained Western Performance at Munich Non-aggression Pact B. German troops slashed into the Soviet Union Alliance of convenience Made little sense Mistrust lingered Each side Separate peace Linked with Stalin’s attack Open the second front Stalin was unimpressed with the campaigns Africa and Italy D-Day invasion, June 1944 Red Army had suffered serious losses II. Mistrust over the Future of Europe A. Postwar Conferences The fate of postwar Europe Teheran, November 1943 Invade Northwest Europe Eastern Europe to the Red Army Yalta Conference, February 1945 Lived in controversy How to deal with Germany? Zones of occupation Franklin Roosevelt Soviet dominance in the east United Nations War against Japan Stalin was clear Germany had invaded the Soviet Union Buffer states Winston Churchill Some concerns B. Potsdam, July 1945 Relations were strained Truman was deeply concerned Russian actions against Poland Halted aid to the Soviets Demanded free elections Stalin less inclined to respond Truman Less inclined to humor the Soviets III. The Coming of the Cold War A. Soviet Aggression: 1945-1948 Pro-Soviet Communist governments Bulgaria, Romania, 1945 Poland and Hungary, 1947 Czechoslovakia The split was widening Winston Churchill “Iron curtain speech” Soviets refused to cooperate Germany Suffered at their hands Economic reparations Dismantled factories Installed a communist government Aid to Greek Communists The Greek Civil War Determined to draw a line in the sand B. The American Response Soviet attempt to spread Communism Truman Doctrine, 1947 Halting the spread of communism Marshall Plan, 1947 George Marshall Provide economic aid to European countries East and West Soviet thoughts C. Anti-Soviet Policies Deprive the Soviet Union Buffer zone Need friendly regimes This was not aggressive A defensive position Stalin responded First major confrontation Berlin Blockade June 24, 1948 Cut all rail and road sectors of the city Looked like it would lead to conflict D. The Berlin Airlift June 1948 and May 1949 A massive airlift Broke the blockade of the city May 1949 Stalin lifted the blockade
