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Physical Anthropology Midterm Study Guide Review the following anthropological concepts. Look to your quizzes as aides, and make sure you can apply the vocabulary words to hypothetical situations -What (who) Anthropologists study Guanine = Cytosine -The 4 traditional fields of Anthropology Adenine = Thymine -What defines a species -What is biocultural evolution …also know what -microevoultion vs. macroevolution Uracil is, where it is -The subfields of Physical Anthropology found, and what it -The scientific method -Hypothesis vs. Theory replaces… -Beliefs about species before the Enlightenment -Beliefs about the earth before the Enlightenment -Know why the following people are important, what theories/viewpoints they created/held, and how they did/did not contribute to the theory of evolution: -John Ray -Carolus Linnaeus -Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Be able to recognize the amino acids -Georges Cuvier that mRNA Codons code for -George Louis Leclerc de Buffon (Table 3.1 on page 54) -Charles Lyell -Thomas Malthus -Erasmus Darwin -Charles Darwin -Alfred Russell Wallace -Mary Anning - how Natural Selection works -Fitness -The components and functions of a cell -Somatic Cells vs. Gametes -X and Y chromosomes -How a Zygote is formed -What a chromosome is made up of, the two types of chromosomes -How many chromosomes are in somatic cells, how many chromosomes are in gametes -What DNA is composed of -What enzymes are -The entire process of DNA replication -What RNA, the two types of RNA and how RNA differs from DNA -Exons vs. Introns -What is meiosis and mitosis and how do they differ -What types of things produce genetic variations in populations -Gregor Mendel’s contributions to inheritance -Phenotype vs. Genotype Review your movie notes! -Polygentic traits vs. Mendellian traits -How mutations occur and how they are passed on -Genetic drift vs. Gene flow -Chordata, vertebrates -homologies vs. analogies -ancestral vs. derived vs. shared derived traits and how these are/are not important to cladistic analysis and traditional evolutionary systematics -Differences between reptiles and mammals -adaptive radiation -gradualism vs. punctuated equilibrium -Specialized and Generalized traits in Primates -The locomoter pattern of primates and which primates prefer which pattern -General differences between New and Old World monkeys -Make sure you can name all the primates in the Ape family -K vs. R selection -Quantitative vs. Qualitative data Know how to draw and interpret a Punnet square!
