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Osmosis
7-2.1
The diffusion of water across a cell
membrane.
7-2.1
Cytoplasm
7-2.1
Gel-like mixture inside of a cell that
contains the nucleus and other
organelles.
7-2.1
Bacteria
7-2.3
Single-celled organisms that are
classified by their body shape and are
members of the Monera Kingdom.
7-2.3
Protist
7-2.3
Organisms that are single-celled or multicelled eukaryotes that live in moist
surroundings. They can be plantlike,
fungus-like, or animal-like.
7-2.3
Mitosis
7-2.4
Cellular process by which the nucleus of
the parent cell divides to form two new
daughter cells.
7-2.4
Arteries
7-3.2
Blood vessels that carry blood away from
the heart.
7-3.2
Joint
7-3.2
Anyplace where two or more bones come
together.
7-3.2
Ligament
7-3.2
Tough bands of tissue that hold bones
together at joints.
7-3.2
Pathogen
7-3.4
Any organism that causes disease.
7-3.4
Cell
7-3.1
The basic units of structure and function
within the human body.
7-3.1
Cell Membrane
7-2.1
Protective outer covering of all cells that
regulates the interaction between the cell
and its environment.
7-2.1
Nucleus
7-2.1
Organelle that controls all the activities of
a cell and contains hereditary material
made of proteins and DNA.
7-2.1
Photosynthesis
7-2.4
Producers use light energy to make
sugars, which can be used as food.
7-2.4
Traits
7-2.5
Physical characteristics passed from
parent to offspring during sexual
reproduction.
7-2.5
Diffusion
7-2.1
The movement of molecules from areas
where there are more of them to areas
where there are fewer of them.
7-2.1
Mitochondria
7-2.1
Organelle in the cell that breaks down
food and releases energy.
7-2.1
Vacuole
7-2.1
A fluid-filled structure in a cell that stores
water, waste, or other substances
needed by the cell.
7-2.1
Chloroplast
7-2.1
A green plant cell structure that contains
chlorophyll and uses light energy to
produce sugar to be used as food.
7-2.1
Bacillus
7-2.3
Rod-shaped bacteria.
7-2.3
Cell Wall
7-2.1
Rigid structure that encloses, supports,
and protects the cells of plants, algae,
fungi, and most bacteria.
7-2.1
Heredity
7-2.5
The passing of traits from parent to
offspring.
7-2.5
Genes
7-2.5
A section of DNA on a chromosome that
determines the inheritance of a particular
trait.
7-2.5
Allele
7-2.5
An alternate form a gene may have for a
single trait; can be dominant or
recessive.
7-2.5
Spirilla
7-2.3
Spiral-shaped bacteria.
7-2.3
Coccus
7-2.3
Sphere-shaped bacteria.
7-2.3
Genotype
7-2.5
The genetic makeup of an organism.
7-2.5
Phenotype
7-2.5
Outward physical appearance and
behavior of an organism as a result of
its genotype.
7-2.5
Population
7-4.1
All the members of one species that live
in the same space at the same time.
7-4.1
Communities
7-4.1
All of the populations in a given area that
interact in some way and depend on one
another for food, shelter, and other
needs.
7-4.1
Limiting Factor
7-4.3
Any biotic or abiotic factor that limits the
number of individuals in a population.
7-4.3
Dominant
7-2.5
Describes a trait that covers over
another form of that trait.
7-2.5
Food Chain
7-4.2
A simple model that describes how
energy passes from one organism to
another.
7-4.2
Recessive
7-2.5
Describes a trait that is covered over by
another form of that trait and seems to
disappear.
7-2.5
Products
7-5.7
The substances that form as a result of a
chemical reaction.
7-5.7
Reactants
7-5.7
Substances that exist before the
chemical reaction begins.
7-5.7
Purebred
7-2.6
An organism that has two dominant or
two recessive alleles for a trait. (TT or tt)
7-2.6
Hybrid
7-2.6
An organism that has two different
alleles for a particular trait. (Tt)
7-2.6
Biomes
7-4.1
A region on land with a distinct climate
and ecosystems
7-4.1
Renewable Resources
7-4.6
Natural resources, such as water,
sunlight, and crops, that are constantly
being recycled or replaced by nature.
7-4.6
Water Shed
7-4.5
An area that is drained by a river and all
the streams that empty into it.
7-4.5
Tissue
7-3.1
A group of similar cells that work
together to do one job.
7-3.1
Organs
7-3.1
A structure, such as the heart, made up
of different types of tissues that all work
together.
7-3.1
Atom
7-5.1
A very small particle that makes up most
kinds of matter and consists of smaller
parts called protons, neutrons, and
electrons.
7-5.1
Conservation of matter
7-5.8
Matter is not created or destroyed – It
only changes form.
7-5.8
Element
7-5.2
Atoms of a like substance that cannot be
broken down into any other form by
ordinary means, and that has unique
properties.
7-5.2
Metal
7-5.4
Generally have a shiny or metallic luster
and are good conductors of heat and
electricity.
7-5.4
Non-metal
7-5.4
Elements that are usually gases, brittle,
poor conductors and dull in appearance.
7-5.4
Chemical Reaction
7-5.10
A process that produces a chemical
change, resulting in a new substance
that has different properties from the
original substances.
7-5.10
Chemical Equation
7-5.7
Shorthand form used for writing what
reactants are used and what products
are formed in a chemical reaction.
7-5.7
Systems
7-3.1
A group of two or more organs that work
together to perform a specific function,
such as the digestive system.
7-3.1
Capillaries
7-3.2
Microscopic blood vessels that connect
arteries to veins.
7-3.2
Veins
7-3.2
Blood vessels that carry blood back to
the heart.
7-3.2
Immune System
7-3.2
A complex group of defenses that
protects the body against pathogens.
7-3.2
Mechanical Digestion
7-3.2
The breakdown of food through chewing,
mixing, and churning.
7-3.2
Physical Properties
7-5.9
Chemical Properties
7-5.9
Physical Change
7-5.10
Characteristics that can be observed,
using the five senses, without changing
the substance.
7-5.9
Characteristics that cannot be observed
without altering the original substance.
7-5.9
A change in which the form or
appearance of matter changes, but not
its composition.
7-5.10
Urea
7-3.2
Excess water and other waste materials
released by the cells, and eliminated from
the body as urine.
7-3.2
Cerebrum
7-3.2
The largest part of the brain, where
memory is stored, movements are
controlled, and impulses from the senses
are interpreted.
7-3.2
Cerebellum
7-3.2
The part of the brain that controls
voluntary muscle movements, maintains
muscle tone, and helps maintain balance.
7-3.2
Brain Stem
7-3.2
Connects the brain to the spinal chord.
7-3.2
Tendons
7-3.2
Thick bands of tissue that attach bones to
muscle.
7-3.2
Ecosystem
7-4.1
All of the communities in a given area and
the abiotic factors that affect them.
7-4.1
Energy Pyramid
7-4.2
Shows the amount of energy that moves
from one trophic level to another in a food
chain.
7-4.2
Natural Hazards
7-4.3
Landslides, wildfires, floods, etc. are
naturally occurring events that can cause
changes in the environment.
7-4.3
Soil Profile
7-4.4
All the layers that make up the soil, such
as topsoil, subsoil, and bedrock.
7-4.4