Download Course : Chem-311F

File:Sly-2008(H) Part-3
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
B. Sc. (Honours) Part-III Examination, 2008
Session: 2007 - 2008
The courses and distribution of marks are as follows:
Course Number
Course Title
Unit
Credit
Marks
Chem-301F
Theoretical Chemistry-I
1.0
4
75
Chem-311F
Electrochemistry & Chemical
Kinetics
1.0
4
75
Chem-312F
Physical properties, Colloids, Surface
Phenomena and Catalysis
1.0
4
75
Chem-321F
1.0
4
75
1.0
4
75
Chem-323H
Reaction mechanism &
stereochemistry
Natural products & Medicinal
Chemistry
Industrial Chemistry – I
0.5
2
50
Chem-331F
Inorganic Chemistry – III
1.0
4
75
Chem-332F
Chem-333 H
Nuclear Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry – I
1.0
0.5
4
2
75
50
Chem-301AH
Chem-301VH
Class Assessment-III
Viva-voce in Chemistry-III
0.5
0.5
2
2
50
50
Chem-301L
Practical Chemistry-III
1.5
6
125
Total
12 Courses
10.5
42
850
Chem-322F
Examination of the theory courses of 75 marks (1.0 unit, 4 credit) shall be of 4
(four) hours' duration, and those of 50 marks (0.5 unit, 2 credit) shall be of 3
(three) hours' duration. The practical courses of 125 marks (1.5 unit, 6 credit)
shall be of 24 (twenty four) hours duration (4 days). Marks of the practical
course (Chem-301L) include 38 marks for continuous lab. assessment. The
students are required to submit a report after each Lab. class to the class
teacher(s) for evaluation. After evaluation the report shall be returned to the
students. The class teacher(s) shall submit the average marks of all lab.
evaluation in sealed envelopes to the Chairman of the relevant examination
committee within three weeks from the last class held. The examination
committee shall send a copy of each of the consolidated practical and lab.
Evaluation marks to the controller of examinations.
Course Chem-301AH (class assessment) includes tutorial, terminal, home
assignment and /or class examinations on theoretical courses by the relevant
course teacher(s) and attendance* of the students in the classes during the
academic year. Class assessment comprises (a) 80% marks in tutorial, terminal,
home assignment and /or class examinations and (b) 20% marks for attendance
in the class. The class teacher of each course shall submit the average
consolidated marks of class assessments and attendance in sealed envelope to
the Chairman of the relevant examination committee within three weeks from
the last lab. class held. The relevant examination committee shall prepare the
result by taking the average marks of class assessments as submitted by the class
teachers of all the courses, and send a copy of the average consolidated marks to
the controller of examinations.
Viva-voce examination (Chem-301VH) includes the assessment of the students
through oral examination (of all the courses) by the members of the relevant
examination committee. The examination committee shall send a copy of the
marks to the controller of examinations.
*No student shall be allowed to sit for the examination having less than 60%
class attendance.
Course : Chem-301F
(Theoretical Chemistry-I)
Examination : 4 hours
Full Marks : 75 ( 1 unit, 4 credit)
60 lectures, 3 lectures per week , total 20 weeks
1.
Quantum chemistry (7 lectures): Experimental foundation of the old
quantum theory: blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, heat capacity of
solids; Compton effect, spectrum of atomic hydrogen; Bohr-Sommerfield
theory; correspondence principle; dual nature of light; particle wave; de
Broglie equation; experimental evidence of wave nature of electron;
Heigenburg’s uncertainty principle.
2.
Wave mechanics (13 lectures): The time dependent and time independent
Schrödinger wave equation, physical significance of Ψ, free particle in one
and three dimensions, particle in one-dimensional and three-dimensional
boxes; quantum mechanics of rigid rotators, simple harmonic oscillators
and hydrogen like atoms; normalization and orthogonalization of wave
functions; orbitals and their shapes; meaning of quantum numbers.
3.
Atomic spectra (8 lectures): Spectral lines of hydrogen; wave mechanics
of spectral lines; quantum numbers; electron spins; L-S and J-J coupling;
term symbols and selection rules; spectra of alkali and alkaline earth
elements; the Zeeman and Stark effects.
4.
Molecular symmetry and group theory (12 lectures): Properties of a
mathematical group; examples of groups, sub-groups and classes; symmetry
elements and symmetry operations; product of symmetry operations; point
groups; reducible and irreducible representation of groups; character tables
and their applications to spectroscopy.
5.
Statistical thermodynamics (20 lectures): Distribution of molecular
states: configurations and weights, instantaneous configuration, dominating
configuration, the Boltzmann distribution. Molecular partition function:
interpretation of the partition function, partition function for a uniform
ladder of energy states, translational partition function, internal energy and
entropy for non-interacting molecules. Canonical partition function: the
canonical ensemble and canonical partition function, internal energy and
entropy for interacting systems, relation between canonical and molecular
partition functions for distinguishable and indistinguishable molecules,
entropy of a monatomic gas: the Sakur-Tetrode equation. Some
applications of statistical thermodynamics: Enthalpy and free energy
from partition function; translational, rotational, vibrational, and electronic
contributions to the molecular partition function and their estimation;
calculation of mean translational, rotational, and vibrational energies and
the heat capacities; partition function and equations of state for ideal and
real gases; residual entropies; relation between equilibrium constant and
partition function.
Reference Books:
1. Ira N. Levine
2. J.N. Murrel, S.F.A. Kettle & J.M. Tedder
3. H. Eyring, J. Walter & G.E. Kimball
4. R. Anantharaman
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5.
A.K. Chandra
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6.
Donald A. McQuarrie
:
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
S. Glasstone
Donald A. McQuarrie
P.W. Atkins
W.J. More
Gurdeep Raj
Robert G. Mertimer
G.N. Banwell
Rajkumar
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Quantum Chemistry
Valence Theory
Quantum Chemistry
Fundamentals of Quantum
Mechanics
Introductory Quantum
Chemistry
Physical Chemistry,
A Molecular Approach
Theoretical Chemistry
Statistical Thermodynamics
Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Advanced Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Molecular Spectroscopy
Atomic and molecular
Spectra’s copy
Course : Chem-311F
Electrochemistry and Chemical Kinetics
Examination : 4 Hours
Full Marks : 75 ( 1 unit, 4 credit, 60 lectures, 3 lectures per week, total 20
weeks)
1.
Conductance of electrolytic solutions (15 lectures): Faraday’s laws of
electrolysis; electrochemical equivalents; determination of the faraday (F)
by silver coulometer; significance of Faraday’s laws; measurements of
electrolytic conductivity; equivalent and molar conductances; molar
conductance at infinite dilution; law of independent migration of ions;
solvation of ions; transport numbers and mobilities of ions; measurements
of transport numbers; results of transference measurements; abnormal
conductance of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in water and other hydroxylic
solvents; diffusion and ionic mobility; theories of electrolytic conductance:
Debye-Hűckel-Onsagar theory; validity of Debye-Hűckel-Onsagar
equation; ion association; conductances at high frequency and at high fields:
the Debye-Falkenhagen and Wien effects; conductometric titrations.
Activities and standard states; ion activities; activity coefficients from
freezing points; the ionic strength; experimental activity coefficients; theory
of strong electrolytes: the Debye-Hűckel theory; poisson-Boltzmann
equation; the Debye-Hűckel limiting law for activity coefficients;
2.
Electrochemical cells ( 15 lectures): Reversible cells; electromotive force
(emf) of a cell and free energy of cell reaction. Types of electrodes (half
cells) constituting reversible cells. Classification of electrochemical cells:
chemical and concentration cells; liquid junction potentials and their
elimination. Standard emf of cells: the Nernst equation; thermodynamics of
single electrode potentials; arbitrary potential zero: the hydrogen scale;
standard electrode potentials; sign convention; electromotive series and its
significance; redox potentials; convention of representing electrochemical
cells and calculation of the emf of a cell; reference electrodes; equlibrium
constant of cell reaction and emf of a cell; electrode-concentration cells;
electrolyte-concentration cells Measurement of emf. Application of
potential measurements: calculation of solubility product constants,
standard free enthalpies and entropies of aqueous ions, activity coefficients,
dissociation constants and pH; potentiometric titrations.
3.
Chemical kinetics (20 lectures): Theory of reaction rates: Collision theory
of bimolecular gas reactions: basic calculations, comparison with
experiments, steric requirement. Diffusion controlled reactions in solutions:
diffusion and reaction, formulation and solution of the material balance
equation. Activated complex theory: the reaction co-ordinate and the
transition state, the Eyring equation, rate of decay of the activated complex,
concentration of the activated complex, the rate constant; collision of
structureless particles; the kinetic isotope effect; experimental observation
of the activated complex. Thermodynamic aspects of activated complex
theory. Dynamics of molecular collisions: reactive collisions, potential
energy surfaces, attractive and repulsive surfaces, classical trajectories.
Theory of unimolecular reactions: Lindemann-Christiansen hypothesis,
Hinshelwood’s treatment.
4.
Kinetics of photochemical and radiation chemical reactions (10
lectures): Photochemical reactions: primary processes, reactions of
electronically excited species, photochemical thresholds, laws of
photochemical equivalence, rotating sector technique, flash photolysis.
Laser
photochemistry:
pulsed
lasers,
multiphoton
excitation.
Photosensitization. Radiation chemical reactions: primary processes, pulse
radiolysis, hydrated electrons. Chemiluminescence.
Recommended Books:
1. P.W. Atkins
2. W.J. Moore
3. N. Kundu and S.K. Jain
4. Gurdeep Raj
5. S. Glasstone
6. E.C. Potter
7. G. Kotum and J.O’M. Bockris
8. K.J. Laidler
9. S.R. Logn
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Physical Chemistry (6th edn. +)
Physical Chemistry (4th edn.+)
Physical Chemistry
Advanced Physical Chemistry
Introduction to electrochemistry
Electrochemistry
Introduction to electrochemistry
Chemical Kinetics (3rd. edn.)
Fundamentals of Chemical Kinetics
2.
Chemistry of colloids (10 lectures):
Colloids and crystalloids;
classification; shape and size of colloidal particles; preparation and
purification of colloids; properties of colloids: general, optical, electric and
kinetic properties; coagulation, peptization and protection of colloids;
stability of colloids. Origin of charge; electrokinetic phenomena; structure
of double layer; zeta potential; elctrocapillary phenomena; Donnan
membrane equilibrium; determination of size of colloids. Gels, emulsions
and foams and their properties; colloidal electrolytes; importance and
applications of colloids.
3.
Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces (10 lectures): Surface and
interfacial tensions; curved interfaces: bubbles, cavities, and droplets;
Laplace and Kelvin relations, nucleation. Variation of surface tension with
temperature; measurements of surface and interfacial tensions; adsorption
and orientation at interfaces; surface activity and surfactants; classification
of surfactants; rate of adsorption; thermodynamics of adsorption: Gibbs
adsorption equation and its verification. Association colloids: micelle
formation, critical micelle concentration (cmc), factors affecting cmc,
structure of micelles, solubilization, surface behaviour, conductance,
sharpness of cmc, energetics of micellization, the Krafft phenomenon.
Spreading: adhesion and cohesion, spreading of one liquid over other,
monomolecular films.
4.
Processes at solid-gas interfaces (10 lectures) : The extent of adsorption:
physisorption and chemisorption; adsorption isotherms: Langmuir isotherm,
BET and other (Temkin and Freundlich) isotherms. Rates of surface
processes: rates of adsorption and desorption, mobility on surfaces.
Catalytic activity at surfaces: adsorption and catalysis – Eley-Riedel
mechanism, Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism; molecular beam studies.
Examples of catalysis: hydrogenation, oxidation, cracking and reforming.
5.
The solid-liquid interface (10 lectures): Contact angle and wetting:
spreading wetting, adhesional wetting, immersional wetting, measurement
of contact angles; factors influencing contact angles and wetting; wetting
agents; water repellency; ore floatation. Detergency: mechanism of
detergency, wetting, dirt removal, redeposition of dirt, detergent additives.
Adsorption from solutions: solution adsorption isotherms, isotherm
equations, surface areas.
6.
Homogeneous catalysis (10 lectures): General catalytic mechanisms:
equilibrium treatment, steady-state treatment, activation energies for
catalyzed reactions. Acid-base catalysis: mechanism, catalytic activity and
acid-base strength, salt effects, acidity functions. Enzyme-catalysis:
influence of substrate concentration, pH, and temperature; transient-phase
kinetics, enzyme mechanisms. Catalysis in gaseous systems; chain
mechanisms, catalysis by variable valency; activation of molecular
hydrogen.
----------------
Course : Chem-312F
Physical properties, Colloids, Surface Phenomena and Catalysis
Examination : 4 Hours
Full Marks : 75 ( 1 unit, 4 credit)
(60 lectures, 3 lectures per week, total 20 weeks)
1.
Physical properties and chemical constitution (10 lectures): Molar
volume; molar refraction; optical activity; effect of applied field on charge
distribution in molecules; molar polarization; mechanism of polarization;
electrostatics for dielectric media; molecular basis of dielectric constant;
Debye equation; determination molar polarization and dipole moment;
thermodynamic properties and dielectric permitivity. Behaviour of matter in
magnetic field; molecular interpretation of paramagnetism, diamagnetism
and ferromagnetism ; determination of magnetic susceptibility.
Recommended Books:
1. P.W. Atkins
2. W.J. Moore
3. N. Kundu and S.K. Jain
4. Duncan J. Shaw
5. A.W. Adamson
6. Gurdeep Raj
7. K.L. Kapoor
8. Donald H. Napper
6.
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Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Introduction to Colloid and Surface Chemistry
Physical Chemistry of Surfaces
Advanced Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry vol. II and III
Polymeric Stabilization of Colloidal Dispersions
Stereochemistry (14 Lectures): (a) optical isomerism: plane polarised light,
specific rotation, molecular dissymmetry, optical isomerism due to
asymmetric carbon atoms. Compounds with one asymmetric carbon atom,
with two or more similar and dissimilar asymmetric carbon atoms, racemic
modification and their resolutions, relative and absolute configuration,
asymmetric synthesis, (b) Geometrical isomerism: Geometrical isomerism
with reference to olefines, oximes and cyclic compounds, determination of
configuration of geometrical isomers and their interconversions.
Recommended Books:
------------------Course : Chem-321F
( Reaction mechanism & stereochemistry)
Examination-4 hours
Full Marks-75 (1 unit, 4 credit, 60 lectures)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
Organic acids and bases (6 Lectures): Inductive, mesomeric and structural
effects affecting the acidity and basicity. Acid and base catalysis.
5.
6.
2.
Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution (8 Lectures): SN2 and SN1
mechanisms, stereochemistry, kinetics of SN2 and SN1 reactions, effect of
solvent, effect of structure, effect of attacking reagents and leaving groups,
aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions.
7.
8.
3.
Elimination Reaction (8 Lectures): E2 and E1 mechanism; stereochemistry,
orientation, competition between elimination and substitution.
4.
Addition Reactions (8 Lectures): Addition to carbon-carbon multiple
bonds; addition of water to alkenes (acid catalyzed hydration). Addition of
hydrogen halides, Markownikoff's rule, peroxide initiated addition of
hydrogen halide, addition of halogens - mechanism and stereochemistry,
nucleophilic additions.
5.
Organic Reactions: (16 Lectures)
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
(c) Molecular rearrangement: Hofmann, Lossen, Schmidt, PinacolPinacolone, Beckmann and Curtius.
: Organic Chemistry, Vol. I & II
: Organic Chemistry
: Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds
: Stereochemistry, Conformation and
mechanism
K. Mislow
: Introduction to Stereochemistry
P. Sykes
: A Guide Book to Mechanism in
Organic Chemistry
R.T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd : Organic Chemistry
E.S. Gould
: Mechanism and Structure in
Organic Chemistry
J. March
: Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions
Mechanisms and Structure
C.K. Ingold
: Structure and Mechanism in
Organic Chemistry
Elliot R. Alexandar
: Principle of Ionic Reactions
Raj K. Bansal
: Organic reaction mechanism
J.N. Gurtu and R. Kapoor
: Organic reactions and reagents
--------------
(a) Mechanisms: Brief idea of the following: Carbocations, carbanions,
free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles. Important organic reactions
with their mechanisms and synthetic applications: Reformatsky, ReimerTiemann, Arndt-Eistert, Carbanion condensation: Aldol condensation,
Claisen condensation, Perkin condensation, Cannizzaro reaction and DielsAlder reactions.
(b) Oxidation and Reductions: Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, Wolff-Kishner
reduction, Clemmensen reduction, Swern oxidation, Moffat oxidation.
I.L. Finar
J.B. Hendrickson,
D.J. Cram and G.J. Hammond
E.L. Elliel
P.S. Kalsi
Course : Chem-322F
(Natural products & Medicinal Chemistry)
Examination-4 hours
Full Marks : 75 (1 unit, 4 credit, 60 lectures)
1.
Carbohydrates (10 Lectures): Classification, structure and configuration of
aldoses and ketoses, projection formulae and conformations, reactions of
monosaccharides, mutarotation, anomerization epimerization; determination
of ring size, conformation of aldohexoses. Molecular rotation and Hudson's
rule.
2.
Alkaloids (10 Lectures): Occurrence, classification, extraction and isolation
of alkaloids, general methods of determining structures. Chemistry of
ephedrine, nicotine, atropine and morphine.
3.
Purines (5 Lectures): Purine and Uric acid derivatives; Adenine, xanthine,
hypoxanthine, guanine, caffeine, theobromine and theophylline.
4.
Terpenes (15 Lectures): The essential oils: Classification of terpenes,
isoprene rule, occurrence, extraction and isolation. General methods of
determining structures of terpenes. Detailed studies of some monoterpenes:
(i) acyclic terpenes (citral); (ii) monocyclic terpenes (limonene), (iii)
Bicyclic monoterpenes (-pinene).
5.
6.
a)
Amino Acids and polypeptides (10 Lectures): Classification, physical and
chemical behaviour of amino acids, synthesis, analysis of amino acids,
polypeptides; synthesis (assay and sequence).
4.
5.
Synthesis of important drugs (10 Lectures):
Supha-drugs: sulphanilamide, sulphapyridine, sulphathiazole, sulphadiazine,
sulphamethazine, sulphaguanidine, prontosil, chloramine -T.
b) Antimalarials: Pamaquine, Chloroquine, Camoquine.
c) Fever sinking drugs: Paracetamol, Aspirin, Phenacetin.
Recommended Books:
1. I.L. Finar
:
2. W. Pigman
:
3. S.W. Fox and J.F. Foster
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4. Alfred Burger
:
5. J.B. Hendrickson, D.J. Cram :
and G.J. Hommond.
6. A. Kar
:
7. O.P Agarwal
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8. G. Chatwal
:
9.
3.
L. Wade Jr.
Organic Chemistry Vol. I & II
Carbohydrates
Protein Chemistry
Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. I & II
Organic Chemistry
Medicinal Chemistry
Chemistry of natural products Vol. I & II
Organic Chemistry of natural
products Vol. I & II
: Organic Chemistry
Course : Chem-323H
(Industrial Chemistry)
Examination - 3 hours
Full Marks : 50 (0.5 unit, 2 credit, 45 lectures)
1
Unit operations and unit processes (2 Lectures): Introduction,
evaporation, distillation, crystallization, and their applications in common
industries
2.
Pulp and paper (5 Lectures): Sources and classification of raw materials,
production of pulps, physical and chemical processes involved in it, making
of paper and paper boards, characterization of papers and their evaluations,
outlines for the utilization of wastes and used paper.
6.
7.
8.
Petroleum (9 Lectures): General idea of formation, composition and
evaluation.
(a) Separation operation: Distillation, adsorption, filtration, crystallization,
extraction and treating process.
(b) Conversion process: Cracking, polymerization, alkylation, hydrogenation,
hydrocracking, isomerization, reforming or aromatization, esterification
and hydrolysis, motor and aviation fuel and their characteristics and
evaluation.
Natural gas (5 Lectures): Origin, composition and purification, production
of hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide; production of urea and the
physico-chemical processes associated with its manufacture.
Soap and detergents (6 Lectures):
(a) General idea of soap and principles of its cleansing action; production
of soaps: raw materials, characterization of fats, oils and waxes,
manufacturing procedure, phenomena involved in the improvement of
soapy character.
(b) Definition of detergents, detergency principles; classification of
detergents and their quality comparison with soaps, production of
detergents and physico-chemical operations.
Chlor-alkali industry (6 Lectures): General principles of electrolysis,
electrolysis of sodium chloride at very dilute, concentrated and molten
conditions, definition of brine, sources of sodium chloride, preparation and
purification, production of caustic soda and chlorine by electrolytic method,
principles of using diaphragm, diaphragm materials, general information of
different types of electrolytic cells and their merits and demerits.
Refractory and allied materials (7 Lectures): General idea of the
composition, classification, characteristics and manufacture of cements and
glass including explanations for the various physicochemical operations
involved, characteristics and testing.
Sugar industry (5 Lectures): Raw materials, production, detail of the
operations and processes, refining of sugar, utilization of by-products.
Recommended Bbooks:
1. R.N. Shreve
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2. A. Roger
:
3. Riegel
:
4. G. Martin
:
5. Nelson
:
6. Vincent Souchelli :
7. R.K. Das
:
8. Robert B. Leighu :
9. Hayward
:
The Chemical Process Industries
Roger’s Manual of Industrial Chemistry Vol. I & II
Riegel’s Industrial Chemistry
Industrial Chemistry, Vol. I & II
Petroleum Refinery Engineering
Fertilizer Nitrogen
Industrial Chemistry, Part I & II
Chemistry of Engineering Materials
Outline of Metallurgical Practice
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Course : Chem-331F
Inorganic Chemistry-III
Examination - 4 hours
Full Marks : 75 ( 1 unit, 4 credit, 60 lectures)
1.
Wave mechanics (7 Lectures): Schrodinger’s wave equation, physical
significance of , principle of superposition, particle in one dimensional
box, particle in three dimensional box, solution of Schrodinger’s wave
equation for H-atom, atomic and molecular orbitals.
2.
The chemistry of the main group elements (12 Lectures):
a) Group VA(15), VIA(16), VIIA(17) and VIIIA (18): Properties of the
elements, and their oxides, hydrides, and halides
b) Interhalogens, polyhalides and pseudohalogens
c) Oxides & oxyacides of sulpher & phosphorus
3.
Chemical bonding:
a) Covalent bond (8 Lectures): Wave mechanical treatment of covalent
bond, valence bond (V.B.) theory, Heitler-London treatment and some
improvements, molecular orbital (M.O.) theory; comparison between VB
and MO theories.
b) Metallic bond (3 Lectures): Properties of metal, electron gas model,
free electron model (Sommerfeld model).
c) van der Waals’ forces (3 Lectures): Dipole-dipole interactions, dipole
induced dipole interactions and London dispersion forces.
4.
5.
6.
Recommended Books:
1.
2.
3.
R.C. Day and J. Selbin
Manas Chanda
J.E. Huheey
: Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry
: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bond
: Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of
Structures and Reactivity
4. D.K. Sabera
: Electronic Structure and
Chemical Bonding
5. F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson : Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
6. B.E. Douglas and D.H.
: Concepts and Models of
McDaniel and J. Alexander
Inorganic Chemistry
7. K.F. Purcell and J.C. Kotz
: Inorganic Chemistry
8. W.U. Malik, G.D. Tuli
: Selected Topics in Inorganic Chemistry
and R.D. Madan
9. B.R. Puri and L.R. Sharma
: Principles of Inorganic Chemistry.
10. G.S. Manku
: Theoretical Principles of
Inorganic Chemistry
-------------------Course : Chem-332F
(Nuclear Chemistry)
Examination - 4 hours
Full Marks : 75 (1 unit, 4 credit, 60 lectures)
1.
Nuclear forces and nuclear structure (10 Lectures):
a) Nuclear forces: Nucleon, nuclear forces, characteristic of nuclear
forces, meson field theory.
b) Nuclear Structure: Liquid-drop model, shell model, collective model.
b) Molecular geometry ( 4 Lectures) : Shapes of molecules (eg. NH3,
H2O, CO32-, NO3-, BF3, SF6, PCl5, etc.) on the basis of the concept of
hybridization of bond orbitals; linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, square
planar, trigonal bipyramid, square pyramid and octahedral.
2.
Nuclear reaction (10 Lectures): Definition, energetics, nuclear cross
section, compound nucleus theory, direct interaction, different types of
nuclear reactions: nuclear fission theory, energy and mass distribution,
nuclear fusion.
Coordination chemistry (10 Lectures): Valence bond theory and crystal
field theory, splitting of d-orbitals in octahedral and square planar
complexes, Factors affecting the magnitude of crystal field splipping,
factors affecting CFSE, spectrochemical series; magnetic and spectral
properties of coordination compounds, Jahn-Teller distortion; uses of
complexation in analysis.
3.
Interaction of radiation with matters (7 Lectures): Energy loss per ion
pair, range, stopping power, velocity and energy of -particles; loss of
energy by -particles, Bremsstrahlung, gamma ray interaction with matter –
photoelectric effect, Compton effect, pair production and annihilation.
4.
Radiation detection and measurements (12 Lectures): Specific ionization,
behaviour of ion-pairs in electric fields, ionization chambers, proportional
counters, Geiger-muller counters, scintillation counters, semiconductor
detectors, Wilson cloud chambers and bubble chambers.
5.
Acceleration of charged particles (7 Lectures): The Cockcroft-Walton
(voltage multiplier) accelerator, Van de Graaff generator, linear accelerator,
cyclotron, synchrocyclotron.
a) Valence-shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR) (5 Lectures):
Shapes of molecules of non-transition elements.
Solvents (8 Lectures) : Solubilities of compounds, effect of temperature
on solubility, role of water as a solvent, chemical structure and solubility,
solubility from chemical reactions, energy change in solution formation.
The effect of hydration and lattice energies. Born’s equation for
solubilities of salt.
6.
Nuclear reactors (8 Lectures): Basic principles of chain-reacting systems,
general aspects of reactor design; thermal, fast and intermediate reactors;
reactor fuel, moderators, reflectors, coolants and control materials; critical
size of a reactor.
b) Complexometric tritrations with (i) inorganic complexing agents, e.g.,
Cl-, SCN-, CN- and (ii) aminocarboxylic acids, e.g. EDTA; EDTA
titrations: effect of pH, titration curves, effect of the complexing agents,
indicators, titration methods and scope.
7.
Radiochemical applications (6 Lectures): Tracer technique, radiometric
analysis, isotope dilution, activation analysis, reaction kinetics and
mechanisms; hot-atom chemistry (Szilard-Chalmers process), radiocarbon
dating.
c)
Recommended Books:
1. S. Glasstone
2. G. Friedlander, J.W. Kennedy,
E.S. Macias and J.M. Miller
3. G.R. Choppin
4. H.J. Arnikar
5.
B.G. Harvey
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5.
Source Book on Atomic Energy
Nuclear and Radiochemistry
Nuclear and Radioactivity
Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry
Precipitation tritrations : principle; titration curves; Mohr, Volhard and
Fajan's method of titration.
Gravimetric methods (5 Lectures): Mechanism of precipitate formation,
particle size and purity, colloidal precipitates, coagulation, peptization,
coprecipitation, precipitation from homogeneous solution, organic and
inorganic precipitating agents, applications, merits and demerits of
gravimetric methods.
Recommended Books:
1. D. A. Skoog, D.M. West &
F.J. Holler.
2. G.D. Christian
3. D.A. Skoog
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--------------Course : Chem-333H
(Analytical Chemistry – I)
Examination- 3 hours
Full Marks : 50 (0.5 unit, 2 credit, 45 lectures)
1.
2.
Brief idea on (1 Lecture):
a) Scope of analytical chemistry
b) Units of weight and concentration
Evaluation of analytical data (10 Lectures):
Definition of terms: mean, median, precision, accuracy; determinate errors
and their correction, indeterminate errors, normal error curve & its
properties; standard deviation, confidence level, tests of significance (t & F
tests), rejection of data (Q-test), sensitivity, detection limit, least square
analysis of data.
3.
Preliminary steps of analysis (8 Lectures): Sampling, decomposing and
dissolving samples; separation of impurities from sample solution:
precipitation, solvent extraction and ion-exchange methods; selection of a
method for analysis.
4.
Titrimetric methods of analysis (8 Lectures):
a)
Definition of terms: Titration, standard solution, primary standard,
equivalence point, end point, equivalent weight, normality, molarity,
ppm, titer.
4.
5.
H.A. Laitinen and W.E. Harris
:
Bassett, Danney, Inorganic Analysis :
6.
H.H. Willard, L.L. Merritt,
J.A. Dean and F.A. Settle
:
Fundamentals of Analytical
Chemistry (6th Ed.)
Analytical Chemistry (4th Ed.)
Principles of Instrumental
Analysis (4th Ed.)
Chemical Analysis
Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative
Joffery and Mendhams
Instrumental Methods of
Analysis (6th Ed.)
-------------Course : Chem-301L
(Physical , Organic & Inorganic Chemistry Practical)
Examination - 24 hours
Full Marks : 125 (1.5 unit, 6 credit)
Section A: Physical Chemistry Practical, Exam-6 Hours, Marks- 37
(i) Experiment: 26* Marks, (ii) Continuous Lab. assessment : 11** Marks
1. Measurement and control of temperature, setting of water thermostat at
certain temperature with the help of toluene-mercury regulator, preparation
of reference electrodes.
2. Determination of viscosity coefficient of the (a) water-alcohol and (b) nitric
acid-chloroform mixtures and comments on the structure of the solutions.
3. Determination of the viscosity coefficient of different mixtures of toluene
and nitrobenzene to test the validity of Kendall’s equation.
4. Construction of adsorption isotherm of a suitable acid from aqueous
solution by charcoal.
5. Determination of the rate constant of acid-catalysed hydrolysis of an ester
by titrimetric method at different hydrogen ion concentration.
6.
Determination of the rate constant of acid-catalysed hydrolysis of sucrose
by polarimetric method.
7. Kinetic studies of reduction of hydrogen peroxide.
8. Determination of the partial molal volume of alcohol in alcohol+water
mixture by slope method.
9. Determination of cell constant, equivalent conductance at infinite dilution
and verification of D-H-O equation conductometrically.
10. Determination of cooling corves of binary solid system.
11. Boiling temperature vs composition diagram of completely miscible binary
liquid pairs.
12. Construction of Daniel cell and determination of the (a) e.m.f. of the cell,
(b) standard electrode potential of quinhydrone, silver and silver-silver
chloride electrodes.
NB: A few more experiments, relevant to the theoretical courses may be done,
subject to the availability of the Lab. facilities.
Recommended Books:
1. D.P. Shoemaker et al
: Experiment in Physical Chemistry
2. G.S. Weiss et al
: Experiments in General Chemistry
3 A. Findlay
: Practical Physical Chemistry
4. R.C. Das
: Experimental Physical Chemistry
5. J.N. Gurtu
: Advanced Experimental Chemistry
6. K.K. Sharma
: An Introduction of Practical Chemistry
7. J.C. Muhler et al
: Introduction to Experimental Chemistry
8. J. Rose
: A Textbook of Practical Physical Chemistry
9. J.B. Yadav
: Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry
10. Newcomb, wilson et al : Experiments in Physical Chemistry
11. Daniels et al
: Practical Physical Chemistry
12. Brennan et al
: Experiments in Physical Chemistry
13. S.R. Palit
: Practical Physical Chemistry
14. C.D. Hodgman et al
: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
15. R.C. West et al
: CRC Handbook of Physics and Chemistry
16. L.A. Lange
: Handbook of Chemistry
Section B: Organic Chemistry Practical, Exam-12 Hours, Marks- 50
(i) Experiment: 35* (ii) Continuous Lab. assessment: 15**
1.
Separation of a mixture of organic compounds and their systematic
identification (both solids and liquids)
2.
Analysis of cement for (a) insoluble materials, (b) silica, (c) iron (III) oxide,
and (d) calcium oxide etc.
3.
Determination of iodine value, saponification value, acid value and R.M.
value of oils and fats.
4.
Analysis of molasses for (a) moisture, (b) total sugars (c) reducing sugars.
5.
Estimation of celluose, hemicellulose and lignin in a sample of jute fibre.
Recommended Books:
1. A.I. Vogel
2.
3.
4.
Shiriner, Fusion & Curtin
H.T. Clarke
A.I. Vogel
5.
J. Bassett & others
6.
7.
Skoog & West
Schwarzenbach & Flaschka
: A Textbook of Practical
Organic Chemistry
: Systematic Organic Analysis
: Practical Organic Chemistry
: Elementary Practical Organic
Chemistry  Part I, II & III
: Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative
Inorganic Analysis
: Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry
: Complexometric Titrations
Section C: Inorganic Chemistry Practical, Exam-6 Hours, Marks- 38
(i) Experiment: 26* marks (ii) Continuous Lab. assessment: 12** marks
1.
2.
Gravimetric estimation of the following :
i)
Iron as ferric oxide.
ii)
Barium as barium sulphate.
iii)
Zinc as zinc ammonium phosphate.
iv)
Maganese as manganese pyro-phosphate.
Quantitative separation of one component and estimation of the other
from the following mixtures :
i)
Iron and manganese (separation of iron and gravimetric
estimation of manganese as pyro-phosphate).
ii)
Copper and zinc (separation of copper and gravimetric
estimation of zinc as zinc ammonium phosphate).
iii)
Copper and nickel (separation of copper and gravimetric
estimation of nickel as nickel(II) dimethylglyoximate.
3.
Estimation of hydrochloric acid as silver chloride.
4.
Analyses of alloys, ores and minerals.
5.
Analysis of coal for (a) moisture, (b) volatile matter and (c) ash, (d)
sulphur.
Recommended Books:
1. A.I. Vogel
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
: A Textbook of Inorganic
Quantitative Analysis
Alexeve
: Qunatitative Chemical Analysis
D.A. Skoog and D.M. West and : Fundamentals of Analytical
F.J. Holler
Chemistry (6th Edn)
Jugal Kishore Agarwal
: Practicals in Engineering Chemistry
R.K. Das
: Industrial Chemistry, part II
A.I. Vogel
: A Textbook of Inorganic
Quantitative Analysis
* The examiners shall mark the experiment(s) of section A, B & C and submit
the marks to the chairman of the relevant examination committee. The final
marks shall be computed by the committee.
** The Lab. teachers of sections A, B & C shall evaluate continuously the Lab.
classes and submit the average marks of Lab. assessment in sealed envelopes to
the Chairman of the relevant examination committee within three weeks from
the last lab. held.
The average marks shall be computed by the examination committee. The total
marks for the practical course shall be obtained by adding the marks of section
A, B & C. The examination committee shall send a copy of the consolidated
marks to the controller of examinations.