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World History: Patterns of Interaction Chapter 30 Revolution and Nationalism, 1900–1939 SECTION 1 Revolutions in Russia SECTION 2 CASE STUDY: Totalitarianism SECTION 3 Imperial China Collapses SECTION 4 Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next World History: Patterns of Interaction Chapter 30 Section-4 Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia Nationalism triggers independence movements to overthrow colonial powers. Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next World History: Patterns of Interaction Chapter 30 Section-4 Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia Indian Nationalism Grows Two Parties • Congress Party—mostly Hindus; Muslim League—Muslims • Both want South Asia to be independent of Britain World War I Increases Nationalist Activity • • • • • British promise steps to self-government in return for war service After war, no changes; resentment grows across India Some radicals carry out acts of violence in protest British pass Rowlatt Acts (1919), tough laws intended to end dissent Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Continued… Next World History: Patterns of Interaction Chapter 30 Indian Nationalism Grows {continued} Amritsar Massacre • • • • • In spring 1919, 10,000 Hindus and Muslims go to city of Amritsar British alarmed by size of crowd, presence of nationalist leaders Military commander thinks crowd is ignoring ban on public meetings Troops fire on unarmed crowd; 400 killed and 1,200 wounded News of this event, the Amritsar Massacre, sparks anger nationwide Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next World History: Patterns of Interaction Chapter 30 Gandhi’s Tactics of Nonviolence {continued} Inspiring Leader • Mohandas K. Gandhi becomes leader of independence movement • With ideas blending many religions, he becomes powerful leader Noncooperation • Gandhi urges civil disobedience—noncooperation with British rule • In 1920, the Congress Party backs the idea Boycotts • Gandhi urges boycott of British goods, schools, taxes, elections • Refusal to buy British cloth cuts into important textile industry Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Continued… Next World History: Patterns of Interaction Chapter 30 Gandhi’s Tactics of Nonviolence {continued} Strikes and Demonstrations • Civil disobedience takes an economic toll on the British • Thousands of striking Indians arrested; jails severely overcrowded The Salt March • • • • In 1930, Gandhi organizes protest of Salt Acts These laws force Indians to buy salt from the government Salt March—240-mile walk led by Gandhi to collect seawater for salt British police brutalize protestors; Indians gain worldwide support Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next World History: Patterns of Interaction Chapter 30 Britain Grants Limited Self-Rule Indian Victory • In 1935, Parliament passes the Government of India Act • Act gives India local self-government and some election reforms • Act does nothing to calm rising tension between Muslims and Hindus Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next World History: Patterns of Interaction Chapter 30 Nationalism in Southwest Asia Turkey Becomes a Republic • • • • Mustafa Kemal—Turkish general who overthrows Ottoman sultan In 1923, Kemal becomes president of the Republic of Turkey Splits government from religion, modernizes Turkey Kemal dies in 1938; given name Ataturk (“father of the Turks”) Persia Becomes Iran • British effort to take Persia after World War I spurs nationalist revolt • In 1921, Reza Shah Pahlavi takes power and begins modernization Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Continued… Next World History: Patterns of Interaction Chapter 30 Nationalism in Southwest Asia {continued} Saudi Arabia Keeps Islamic Traditions • In 1932, Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud unifies Arabia as Saudi Arabia • Keeps many Islamic traditions, but modernizes life in some ways • No effort to bring democracy Oil Drives Development • Rising demand for oil leads to exploration in Southwest Asia • Discovery of oil in 1920s and 1930s brings new foreign investment • Western nations try to dominate the region to keep control of oil Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next World History: Patterns of Interaction Chapter 30 This is the end of the chapter presentation of lecture notes. Click the HOME or EXIT button. Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next World History: Patterns of Interaction Chapter 30 Print Slide Show 1. On the File menu, select Print 2. In the pop-up menu, select Microsoft PowerPoint If the dialog box does not include this pop-up, continue to step 4 3. In the Print what box, choose the presentation format you want to print: slides, notes, handouts, or outline 4. Click the Print button to print the PowerPoint presentation Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company