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Newton's Laws of Motion: Main Idea Galileo Supporting Details One of the first to understand that a force does not need to be constantly applied to an object to keep it moving Isaac Newton Used Galileo's research and publishings to better understand the motion of objects Newton's First Law: An object at rest stays at rest, an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an outside unbalanced force. Every day we see moving objects come to a stop. The reason they stop rolling is due to gravity and friction (outside forces) acting on them Inertia: an object's ability to resist a change in motion. The more inertia, the more force needed to change the motion. The more mass, the more inertia an object has. Momentum a measure of an object's inertia Momentum is a measure of the object's motion and its mass. Momentum = mass x velocity Remember, velocity is often called speed P=mxV The more momentum an object has, the greater the inertia Newton's Second Law Connects force, acceleration, and mass If you push an object, it will move in the direction you push it. The harder you push the object, the faster it will move. Force = Mass x Acceleration Force is measured in Newtons F M A Newton's Third Law Forces always act in equal but opposite pairs For every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction. • When a force is put on an object, the second object puts the same size force on the first object If you push the wall, the wall pushes back on you Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation The larger the objects, the stronger the pull of gravity The closer the distance between the objects, the stronger pull of gravity