Download Revised Final Edition World History Study Guide 1

Revised Final Edition World History Study Guide 1-316
Name:
1. What three advantages fostered the Renaissance in Italy?
ANSWER:
1. thriving cities
2. a wealthy merchant class
3. a heritage of Greece and Rome
2. How were expectations for the Renaissance Man and Renaissance Woman similar?
ANSWER: Both were expected to be educated and knowledgeable of art
and culture.
3. What major changes did a belief in individual merit bring about in art?
ANSWER: It focused on revealing the uniqueness of each person.
4. Does Machiavelli think that a prince should prefer to be loved or feared? Why?
ANSWER: He thought that it was better to be both feared and loved, but if he had
to choose one it would be feared.
5. What are some of the characteristics of the Renaissance Man, and
Renaissance Woman?
ANSWER: Renaissance Men excelled in many fields; charming; witty;
educated; politically powerful. Renaissance Woman – Well
educated in classics; charming; modest; knowledgeable in the arts.
6. How did Italy’s cities help to make it the birthplace of the Renaissance?
ANSWER: Cities offered wealth, talent, and new ideas.
7. What was the attitude of Church leaders and the wealthy toward the arts?
Why?
ANSWER: They supported the arts, because they wanted to beautify
their communities, and show their importance.
8. What were the major effects of the invention of the printing press?
ANSWER: It made books readily available, and cheap enough for people to
afford.
9. What was one way the Renaissance changed society?
ANSWER: More people were exposed to ideas because they could read
the information in their own language.
10. What were the main points of Luther’s teaching?
ANSWER: belief in God’s forgiveness; authority of the Bible; equality among
all with faith.
11. Why did Luther’s ideas encourage the peasants to revolt?
ANSWER: Luther’s ideas were revolutionary and reform-minded, which the
peasants applied to their own demands.
12. How did Henry VIII’s divorces and marriages cause religious turmoil in England?
ANSWER: They led to a general abandonment of Catholicism in England, and
the creation of the Anglican Church.
13. What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the Reformation?
ANSWER: 1. Political – Rise of opposing states; rulers resented pope’s control.
2. Economic - Rulers jealous of Church’s wealth; merchants resented
paying Church taxes.
3. Social - People question Church; printing presses spread ideas
critical of the Church.
14. From where did the term Protestantism originate?
ANSWER: It originated from a German prince who protested.
15. What impact did Henry VIII’s actions have on England in the second half of
the 1500s?
ANSWER: His children brought religious turmoil by switching from Protestant
to Catholic and back.
16. How did Protestant teaching lead to the forming of new groups?
ANSWER: It encouraged people to discover their own truths in the Bible.
17. Why was it easier for women to take part in the early stages of the Reformation
than in the later stages?
ANSWER: In the earlier stages, most churches did not have formal leaders
who could tell women what to do.
18. What was Calvin’s idea of the “elect” and their place in society?
ANSWER: “Elect” were the few God chose to be saved. They had a high
position in society.
19. What role did noblewomen play in the Reformation?
ANSWER: Noblewomen, such as Marguerite, protected reformers.
20. What were the goals of the Jesuits?
ANSWER: They wanted to improve Catholic education, convert non-Christians,
and stop spread of Protestantism.
21. Why was taking Constantinople so important to Mehmed II?
ANSWER: The city controlled many waterways that kept the
Ottoman Empire divided.
22. What were the advantages of the Devshirme system of the Sultan?
ANSWER: The Sultan had a loyal force that was highly trained and able
to run and defend his empire.
23. Which cultural achievements of Suleyman’s reign were similar to the
European Renaissance?
ANSWER: There were similarities in the flowering of architecture, art,
and literature.
24. By what means did the early Ottomans expand their empire?
ANSWER: They bought land, formed alliances, and used new technology.
25. Why was Suleyman called the law giver?
ANSWER: He created a law code, simplified taxes, and reduced bureaucracy.
26. How powerful was the Ottoman Empire compared to other empires at the time?
ANSWER: The Ottoman Empire was the most powerful empire.
27. What are some significant effects of cultural blending? Why are they significant?
ANSWER:
Language, religious systems, and government are significant,
because they are a direct part of everyday life.
28. How did Tahmasp’s cultural borrowing lead to the expansion of the
Safavid Empire?
ANSWER: By adopting artillery from the Ottomans, he was able to
conquer more lands for the empire.
29. In what ways were Shah Abbas and Suleyman the Law Giver similar?
ANSWER: They both reformed civilian life, and brought culture to their
empires; adopting the best from around the world.
30. What are the 4 causes of cultural blending?
ANSWER:
1. migration
2. trade
3. conquest
4. pursuit of religious conversion or religious freedom
31. What reforms took place in the Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas?
ANSWER:
1. Shah Abbas limited power of the military.
2. Armies were created that were loyal to him.
3. They began using artillery.
4. Corruption was punished.
5. Christians came to the land.
32. Why did the Safavid Empire decline so quickly?
ANSWER: All the capable heirs were killed.
33. How might the phrase God, Glory, and Gold summarize the Europeans motives
for exploration?
ANSWER: European explorers wanted to spread Christianity, bring fame to
themselves and their country, and become rich.
34. How did the treaty of Tordesillas ease tensions between Spain and Portugal?
ANSWER: It appeased both nations by granting them their own territories
to colonize.
35. What did the Albuquerque see as the outcome of a Portuguese victory
at Malacca?
ANSWER: They saw it as the end of Muslim domination of the Indian Ocean trade.
36. What role did the Renaissance play in launching an age of exploration?
ANSWER: The Renaissance encouraged a new spirit of adventure and curiosity.
37. What was Prince Henry’s goal? Who actually achieved it?
ANSWER: Prince Henry wanted to explore new lands, find treasures,
and spread the Christian faith.
38. What European countries were competing for Asian trade during the
Age of Exploration?
ANSWER: Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, England, France
39. What did other countries think about China after one of Zhang He’s visits?
ANSWER: They believed that China was very powerful.
40. Why was the Kowlow rule so important to the Chinese emperor?
ANSWER: It reaffirmed for him the Chinese belief that the culture
was vastly superior to others.
41. What was the effect on the emphasis of tradition in early modern China?
ANSWER: Emphasis of tradition produced little creativity, but provided stability in times of
change, and it helped unify Chinese society.
42. How did Beijing become the capital of China?
ANSWER: Yonglo moved the royal court to Beijing.
43. What evidence indicates that China lost interest in contacts abroad after 1433?
ANSWER: The voyages of Zheng He were stopped.
44. What did Christian missionaries bring to China?
ANSWER: Christianity and European inventions.
45. When was the English Civil War?
ANSWER: 1642-1646
46. Who was the leader of the Royalists in the English Civil War?
ANSWER: King Charles the First (King Charles I)
47. Who was the leader of the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War?
ANSWER: Oliver Cromwell
48. Describe the English Civil War
ANSWER: The English Civil War (1642-1646) was between the Parliamentarians
and the Royalists. King Charles I was the leader of the Royalists.
Oliver Cromwell was the leader of the Parliamentarians. The
Royalists wanted the Catholic Church to have power over the
government. The Parliamentarians were against having the Church
run the government.
49. Describe the Glorious Revolution.
ANSWER: The Glorious Revolution was in 1688. Parliament gained
enough power to make sure the King would not have total
control of the government (checks and balances).
50. What factors enabled the Spaniards to defeat the Aztecs?
ANSWER:
1. superior weaponry
2. help from other indigenous people
3. spread of European diseases
51. What process did Columbus and his followers begin?
ANSWER: They started the process of bringing together the peoples of
Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
52. Why were most of the Spanish explorers drawn to the Americas?
ANSWER: They were lured by gold, silver, and land.
53. Which country was the richest and most powerful in the 16 century, and why?
th
ANSWER: Spain, because of its colonies and the wealth they produced.
54. Why were France’s North American holdings sparsely populated?
ANSWER: Most of the settlers were priest or fur trappers who had no desire
to build towns or start families.
55. How were Dutch and French colonies different from the English colonies
in North America?
ANSWER: The English colonies were more populated and begun for religious
reasons. Dutch and French colonies were begun mainly for commerce.
56. Why were the Dutch and French able to coexist in relative peace with
Native Americans?
ANSWER: Both groups benefited from the fur trade. The Native Americans
did the trapping, and traded the furs with the Dutch and French for
goods.
57. Why did the issue of land cause strife between the Native Americans and
European settlers?
ANSWER: Settlers wanted more land for growing population and crops.
They also viewed the Native Americans as godless devils.
58. What was the basic difference between the French and the English attitudes
about the land they acquired in North America?
ANSWER: English wanted to farm, and the French wanted to take part in the fur trade.
59. What was the main result of the French and Indian war?
ANSWER: The British controlled most of the eastern half of North America.
60. What were some of the results for Native Americans of European colonization in North
America?
ANSWER: Many Native Americans lost their land and their lives from disease and
warfare.
61. What advantages did Europeans see in enslaving Africans?
ANSWER:
1. African slaves had built up immunity to many diseases.
2. They were experienced in farming.
3. They were in an alien environment that made it less likely for them
escape.
62. Why did many African rulers participate in Atlantic slave trade?
ANSWER: It was profitable, and they received valuable goods in return.
63. What effect did the spread of Islam have on the slave trade?
ANSWER: Slave trade increased.
64. How did enslaved Africans resist their bondage?
ANSWER: They broke tools, uprooted plants, worked slowly, escaped, and revolted.
65. How did African slaves contributed to the development of the Americas?
ANSWER: They contributed through labor, knowledge of agriculture, and culture.
66. What did Philip II want his palace to demonstrate about his monarchy?
ANSWER: He wanted to demonstrate that he was a strong and religious king.
67. Why didn’t Spain’s economy benefit from gold and silver from America?
ANSWER: Silver flooded the market causing the value to drop. Gold and silver were
not used to buy Spanish goods.
68. How was Philip II typical of an absolute monarch?
ANSWER: He involved himself in every aspect of government, trusted no one, built an
imposing palace, tried to force his subjects to accept his religion, and raised
Taxes.
69. What is the significance of the English defeat of the Spanish Armada?
ANSWER: It weakened Spain, and opened the way for more European ventures in the
Americas.
70. Why did the Dutch revolt against Spain?
ANSWER: They revolted because Philip II raised taxes, and tried to crush
Protestantism.
72. Why did absolute monarchs believe that they were justified in exercising absolute
power?
ANSWER: They believed their power was God-given.
73. What impact did French religious wars have on French thinkers?
ANSWER: It turned them toward skepticism.
74. What was the result of the War of the Spanish Seccesion?
ANSWER:
1. France and Spain were not allowed to unite.
2. Britain gained Gibraltar.
3. Austrian Hapsburgs took Spanish Netherlands.
75. Why was Russia culturally different from western Europe?
ANSWER: 1. It had a feudal economy rather than a commercial economy.
2. It had been influenced by Constantinople and the Mongols.
3. It followed a different form of Christianity.
76. What rights were guaranteed by the Habeas Corpus Act?
ANSWER: It guaranteed the right to have a judge decide whether a prisoner should be
tried or set free.
77. How does constitutional monarchy differ from an absolute monarchy?
ANSWER: Under a constitutional monarchy, laws written by a legislative body limit the
ruler’s power.
78. What 3 actions demonstrated that Philip II saw himself as a defender of Catholicism?
ANSWER: 1. He fought the Muslim Ottoman Empire.
2. He sent his Armada (Navy) against Protestant England.
3. He fought Protestantism in the Netherlands.
79. According to French writer Jean Bodin, should a prince share power with anyone else?
ANSWER: No, because if he does, he becomes that person’s subject.
80. Define intendant.
Definition: An intendant was an administrative official in France who served as an agent of the
king in each of the provinces. From about 1640 until 1789, the intendants were
the chief instrument used to achieve administrative unification and centralization
under the French monarchy.
81. What strategies did Louis XIV use to control the French nobility?
ANSWER: He used intendants and forced nobles to live in Versailles.
82. In what ways did Louis XIV cause suffering to the French people?
ANSWER: 1. He ran up a huge debt.
2. He fought unpopular wars.
3. He imposed heavy taxes.
83. Why did the Third Estate propose a change in the Estates-General voting rules?
ANSWER: They wanted to gain control of, and exercise more power in, the meeting of the
Estates-General.
84. How did the Women’s March mark a turning point in the relationship between King Louis XIV
and the people?
ANSWER: King Louis XIV had to bow to the will of the people.
85. Why were members of the Third Estate dissatisfied with life under the Old Regime?
ANSWER: Members of the Third had little political power.
86. How did the purpose of the meeting of the Estates-General, in 1789, change?
ANSWER: The purpose of the Meeting of the Estates-General changed from a debate on new
taxes to an effort to reform the entire political system of France.
87. After the meeting of the Estates-General, in 1789, the National Assembly replaced the Meeting
of the Estates-General. What was the difference between the Meeting of the Estates-General
and the National Assembly?
ANSWER: The Estates-General consisted of three houses: the nobility; the clergy. and the
commoners. A law had to pass all three houses. The National Assembly did not
recognize the nobility and clergy. The Meeting of the Estates-General and the
National Assembly are both defined as legislative assemblies.
88. How did Louis XIV’s weak leadership contribute to the growing crisis in France?
ANSWER: Louis XIV let political problems and debt got out of hand.
89. How did differences of opinion on how to handle such issues as food shortages and debt affect
the legislative assembly?
ANSWER: Differences of opinion caused the legislative assembly to split into 3 factions:
1. Radicals;
2. Moderates;
3. Conservatives.
90. How did Robes Pierre justify the use of terror?
ANSWER: Robes Pierre justified the use of terror by saying that terror was the same thing as
Justice.
91. How was Napoleon able to become a dictator?
ANSWER: General political chaos created a need for a strong leader, and Napoleon had control
of the Army.
92. Why did Napoleon crown himself emperor?
ANSWER: Napoleon wanted to show that he was not under the control of anyone.
93. What effects did Napoleon intend the sale of Louisiana to have on France, on the United States,
and on Britain?
ANSWER: Napoleon hoped to obtain the money needed to continue his conquest of Europe,
and to increase the power of the United States in order to punish Britain.
94. By 1805, how successful had Napoleon been in his efforts to build an empire?
ANSWER: By 1805, Napoleon controlled most of Europe, except for Britain.
95. How could the growing feeling of nationalism in European countries hurt Napoleon?
ANSWER: Feelings of nationalism inspired strong resistance to Napoleon’s rule.
96. In what ways was the Congress of Vienna a success?
ANSWER: 1. The Congress of Vienna involved the cooperation nations of an entire continent;
2. It created a new balance of power;
3. It created a time of peace.
97. How did the French Revolution affect not only Europe but also other areas of the world?
ANSWER: 1. Colonies wanted independence;
2. Ideas about power and authority changed forever.
98. What seeds of democracy were sown by the French Revolution?
ANSWER: 1. sharing of power;
2. social equality;
3. freedom of speech and religion;
4. fair taxation;
5. voting rights
99. How did the French Revolution affect the colonists in the Americas?
ANSWER: The French Revolution inspired Latin Americans and Haitians to rebell when the
French were least able to respond.
100. Why did Europeans and Americans support the Greek Revolutionary Movement?
ANSWER: 1. They appreciated the culture;
2. They wanted the area to be free of Ottoman control;
3. They felt connected with Greek Orthodox Christians.
101. Why were the revolutions of 1830 and 1848, in France, unsuccessful?
ANSWER: 1. The Conservatives held more power;
2. The uprisings were ethnic in nature, and may not have gathered enough people
to be successful.
102. Why did Czars push for industrialization in Russia?
ANSWER: The Czars needed to reform Russia to bring its power up the level of western
European Powers.
103. Why might a policy of Russification produce results that are opposite of those intended?
ANSWER: Trying to force a language or culture on a group of people will cause resentment.
As a reaction, the group might even take greater pride in it’s own language and
culture.
104. What are some of the themes that are key to romantic literature and art?
ANSWER: 1. Beauty
2. Mystery
3. Terror
4. Heroism
5. Love
6. Tragedy
7. Isolation
105. How did population growth spur the Industrial Revolution?
ANSWER: Population growth spurred the Industrial Revolution by doing the following:
1. pushed farmers off of the land;
2. sent workers off to cities;
3. and created a ready market for new goods.
106. What inventions transformed the textile (cloth) industry?
ANSWER: 1. Flying Shuttle: Machine used for preparing wool for weaving or spinning cloth;
2. Spinning Jenny: Machine used for weaving or spinning cloth;
3. Water Frame: A water powered weaving or spinning machine.
4. Spinning Mule: Machine used for weaving or spinning cloth;
5. Power Loom: Machine used for weaving or spinning cloth.
107. How did improvements in transportation promote industrialization in Britain?
ANSWER: 1. Canals cut the cost of transporting materials;
2. Improved roads fostered the movement of heavy wagons;
3. Railroads linked manufacturing cities with raw materials.
108. What are the four factors that contributed to the industrialization of Britain?
ANSWER: 1. large work force;
2. expanding economy;
3. natural resources
4. political stability
109. What American invention aided the British textile industry?
ANSWER: Eli Whitney’s cotton gin
110. Describe the social classes in Britain during the years between 1800 and 1850.
DESCRIPTION: 1. Upper Class: landowners and autocrats
2. Upper Middle Class: managers; merchants; government employees;
doctors; lawyers
3. Lower Middle Class: factory workers; skilled workers
4. Working Class: unskilled laborers
111. Whose interests did child labor serve?
ANSWER: 1. Factory owners profited by being able to pay low wages.
2. Families also benefited from the wages children earned.
112. Why did people flock to British cities and towns during the Industrial Revolution?
ANSWER: People flocked to British cities and towns to find jobs in factories.
113. What social classes expanded as a result of industrialization?
ANSWER: Upper Middle Class and Lower Middle Class
114. What were some of the negative effects of rapid growth of cities during the Industrial
Revolution?
ANSWER: 1. crowded housing
2. poor sanitation
3. pollution
115. What factors slowed industrialization in Germany?
ANSWER: 1. Germany was politically divided.
2. Germany was economically isolated.
3. Germany’s resources were scattered.
116. Why did imperialism grow out of industrialization?
ANSWER: Industrialized countries seized countries for raw materials and markets.
117. What early industries mechanized in the United States?
ANSWER: 1. Textiles
2. Clothing
3. Shoemaking
118 Why did Belgium lead Europe in industrialization?
ANSWER: Belgium had rich deposits of iron and coal, and had good water transportation.
119. How did the Industrial Revolution shift the world balance of power?
ANSWER: The Industrial Revolution promoted competition between industrialized nations, and
increased poverty in less developed nations.
120. What did British economist, Thomas Malthus say about the effects of population growth?
ANSWER: Malthus said that population growth could cause starvation.
121. What did British economist, David Ricardo say about the effects of population growth?
ANSWER: Ricardo said that population growth could cause low wages.
122. Define Laissez-faire economics.
DEFINITION: Laissez-faire economics refers to the economic policy letting owners of industry
and business do what they want to do without regulations or government
Interference. This policy favors a free market.
123. Adam Smith, a professor at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, defended the idea of a free
economy or free markets in his 1776 book “The Wealth of Nations. According to Smith,
economic liberty guaranteed economic progress. As a result, government should not
interfere. Smith’s arguments rested on what he called the 3 natural laws of economics. What
are Adam Smith’s 3 natural laws of economics?
ANSWER: 1. Law of Self Interest: People work for their own good.
2. Law of Competition: Competition forces people to make a better product.
3. Law of Supply and Demand: Enough goods would be produced at the lowest
possible price to meet demand in a market economy.
124. Utilitarianism: English philosopher, Jeremy Bentham, modified the ideas of Adam Smith. In
the late 1700s, Bentham introduced the philosophy of Utilitarianism. According to Bentham,
people should judge ideas, institutions, and actions on the basis of their utility or usefulness.
He argued that the government should try to promote the greatest good for the greatest
number of people. A government policy was only useful if it promoted this goal. Bentham
believed that the individual should be free to pursue his or her own advantage without
interference from the state.
John Stuart Mill, a philosopher and economist, led the Utilitarian movement in the 1800s. Mill
came to question unregulated capitalism. He believed it was wrong that workers should lead
deprived lives that, sometimes, bordered on starvation. How did Mill want to change the
economic system?
ANSWER:
Mill wanted to equalize distribution of wealth to give the poor a break, and he
favored a cooperative system of agriculture;
125. What were the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels concerning relations between business
owners and the working class?
ANSWER: Marx and Engels believed that the working class and business owners were natural
enemies.
126. What kind of society did early socialists want?
ANSWER: Early socialists wanted a society with cooperation and economic planning where
workers shared profits.
127. Why did workers join together in unions?
ANSWER: Workers joined together in unions to have enough power to bargain for better
working conditions and higher wages.
128. What were the four natural resources needed for British industrialization?
ANSWER: 1. water power and coal
3. rivers
2. iron ore
4. good harbors
129. List 6 important inventions that happened during the Industrial Revolution.
1. steam engine
2. locomotive
3. factory
4. Spinning Jenny
5. Flying Shuttle
6. Cotton Gin
130. Only a small percentage of men were eligible to vote in Britain. A popular movement arose
among the workers and other groups who still could no vote. It was called the Chartists
Movement, because the group first presented its demands to Parliament in a petition called
The People’s Charter of 1838. Why did Chartists demand a secure ballot rather than public
Voting?
ANSWER: A secret ballot allowed people to vote their conscience, made voters less subject to
intimidation, and reduced power of bribery.
131. Why did the Women Suffrage Movement in Britain become more militant?
ANSWER: Decades of peaceful efforts to gain the right the vote for women had been
unsuccessful.
132. What cultural conflict caused conflict in Canada?
ANSWER: The differences between English speaking and French speaking Canadians caused
conflict.
133. How did early history of Australia differ from other British colonies.
ANSWER: Australia was not open to ordinary settlers. It was used by the British government as
a penal colony to relieve the problem of overcrowded prisons.
134. Why did the British pass a home rule bill for Southern Ireland only?
ANSWER: Britain was concerned about the Protestants in Northern Ireland who wanted British
Protection.
135. In what ways did the United States gain territory in the 1800s?
ANSWER: The United States gained territory in the 1800s through the following:
1. Louisiana Purchase from France
2. Florida Cession from Spain
3. Texas Annexation
4. Treaties with Britain
5. Mexican Cession
6. Gadsden Purchase from Mexico
136. What was Darwin’s Principle of Natural Selection?
ANSWER: The members of a species that are best adapted to their environment survive.
137. What prompted the growth of social sciences?
ANSWER: The scientific theories of the 19th century (1800s) motivated people to study society
in a scientific way. The scientific method was applied to the study of human
behavior.
138. Why did Europeans control such a small portion of Africa during the 1800s?
ANSWER: It was difficult for Europeans to control Africa, because Africa had powerful armies,
many rivers were impassable, and Europeans faced new diseases.
139. What were some of the internal factors that contributed to imperialism in Africa?
ANSWER: 1. Africans had a vast spectrum of languages and cultures.
2. There were wars between ethnic groups.
3. Africans lacked weapons and technology.
140. Why did the Boers and the British fight over Southern Africa?
ANSWER: They both wanted gold and diamonds.
The table below is used for answering questions 141-148.
IMPERIALISM TABLE
FORM OF
IMPERIALISM
Colony
DEFINITION
EXAMPLE
A colony is a country or a territory governed
internally by a foreign power.
Somaliland in East Africa
was a French colony.
Protectorate
A protectorate is a is a country or a territory with its
own government, but is controlled by an outside
power.
Britain established a
protectorate the Niger
River delta.
Sphere of
Influence
Sphere of influence is when there is an area in which
an outside power claims exclusive investment or
trading privileges.
Liberia was under the
sphere of influence of the
United States.
Economic
Imperialism
Economic imperialism is an independent but less
developed country is controlled by private business
interests rather than other governments.
The Dole Fruit Company
controlled pineapple trade
in Hawaii.
141. What is the definition that the Imperialism Table gives for colony?
ANSWER: A colony is a country or a territory governed internally by a foreign power.
142. What is the example that the Imperialism Table gives for colony?
ANSWER:
Somaliland in East Africa was a French colony.
143. What is the definition that the Imperialism Table gives for protectorate?
ANSWER: A protectorate is a country or a territory with its own government, but is
controlled by an outside power.
144. What is the example that the Imperialism Table gives for protectorate?
ANSWER: Britain established a protectorate the Niger River delta.
145. What is the definition that the Imperialism Table gives for Sphere of Influence?
ANSWER: Sphere of influence is when there is an area in which an outside power claims
exclusive investment or trading privileges.
146. What is the example that the Imperialism Table gives for Sphere of Influence?
ANSWER: Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the United States.
147. What is the definition that the Imperialism Table gives for Economic Imperialism?
ANSWER: Economic imperialism is an independent but less developed country is controlled by
private business interests rather than other governments.
148. What is the example that the Imperialism Table gives for Economic Imperialism?
ANSWER: The Dole Fruit Company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii.
149. What idea is the policy of assimilation based on?
ANSWER: The idea of assimilation is that local people would eventually be absorbed into the
into the culture of the colonizer.
150. Why were African resistance movements usually unsuccessful in fighting against European
colonization?
ANSWER: Europeans had superior weapons.
152. How did colonial rule cause a breakdown in African culture?
ANSWER: 1. Traditional authorities were replaced.
2. Men were forced to leave their villages to find work.
3. Society was undermined by contempt for traditional culture.
153. What 2 effects did raising cotton have on Egyptian agriculture?
ANSWER: 1. Raising cotton brought Egypt into an international market.
2. It reduced the food crops grown in Egypt.
154. What is geopolitics?
ANSWER: Geopolitics is an interest in or taking of land for its strategic location.
155. Why did Great Britain want to control the Suez Canal?
ANSWER: Great Britain wanted to control the Suez Canal for quicker access to its colonies in
Africa and Asia.
156. Why did the Persian people oppose their ruler’s policy of selling business concessions to
Europeans?
ANSWER: The Persian people disliked western influence.
157. In what ways did the Sepoy Mutiny change the political climate of India?
ANSWER: 1. More of India was under British control.
2. There was greater distrust between the Indians and British.
158. Why did the British think that dividing the Hindus and Muslims would be good in India?
ANSWER: The British thought that dividing the Hindus and Muslims would be good in India,
because these groups were often hostile to each other, and dividing them would
make controlling them easier.
159. Why did Britain consider India its “jewel in the crown?”
ANSWER: India was the most valuable British colony.
160. Why didn’t Indians unite against the British in the Sepoy Mutiny?
ANSWER: India had weak leadership, and conflicts between Hindus and Muslims.
161. What form did British rule of India take under Raj?
ANSWER: India was divided into districts and provinces, and ruled directly by the British.
162. How were the Dutch East India Trading Company and the English East India Trading Company
Similar?
ANSWER: Both were trading companies that practiced Economic Imperialism.
163. What changes took place in Southeast Asia as a result of colonial control?
ANSWER: 1. Economies grew.
2. Education and health improved.
3. Areas unified, but lost local leaders.
4. Migration resulted in cultural change.
164. Why did some groups believe that the United States should colonize like the Europeans?
ANSWER: They believed that the United States was destined to become a world power.
165. What motivated the nations of Europe to engage in Imperialistic activities?
ANSWER: 1. nationalism
2. economic Competition
3. racism
4. missionary zeal
166. What effects did the Boer War have on Africans?
ANSWER: Many Africans lost their lives, had their crops destroyed, and had their lands burned.
The survivors were placed under European rule.
167. Why were European nations interested in controlling the Muslims’ land?
ANSWER: Europeans wanted control of the Muslims’ land for strategic locations and natural
Resources.
168. What methods did the Muslim leaders use to try to prevent European Imperialism?
ANSWER: 1. Reforms
2. Modernization
3. Resistance
169. Did any of the above listed methods work?
ANSWER: No
170. How was the economy of India transformed by the British?
ANSWER: The British did the following:
1. used India as a market for manufactured goods;
2. drove Indian industries out of business;
3. converted India’s food crops to cash crops;
4. exported India’s natural resources to Great Britain.
171. What caused the Sepoy Mutiny?
ANSWER: The Indian soldiers were outraged, because the British expected them to bite off
cartridges sealed with pork and beef fat, which was against both the Muslim and
Hindu religions.
172. What conflicting British and Chinese positions led to the Opium War?
ANSWER: 1. The British wanted to sell opium to the Chinese people.
2. The Chinese resented the harm that opium caused for the Chinese people.
173. What were the results of the Taiping Rebellion?
ANSWER: 1. There was little change in the status of the people.
2. There was massive death and destruction.
174. Why did the Chinese have little interest in trading with the West?
ANSWER: The Chinese were economically self sufficient.
175. What internal problems did China face prior to the Taiping Rebellion?
ANSWER: 1. growing population
2. poor harvests
3. corruption
4. growing opium addiction
176. How did Japan treat the Koreans after it annexed the Korea?
ANSWER: The Japanese treated the Koreans harshly and brutally.
177. How was the Treaty of Kanagawa similar to treaties that China signed with various European
Powers?
ANSWER: The Treaty of Kanagawa granted trade permission and extended
extraterritorial rights to foreigners.
178. What steps did the Meiji emperor take to modernize Japan?
ANSWER: The Meiji emperor studied Western ways, and moved toward industrialization.
179. How did Japan begin its quest to build an empire?
ANSWER: Japan began its quest to build an empire by taking control of Korea.
180. What difficulties did lower class Latin Americans continue to face after independence?
ANSWER: 1. poverty
2. lack of voice in government
3. lack of education
181. Why did the United States join the Cuban War for Independence?
ANSWER: The United States joined in the Cuban War for Independence, because it wanted to
protect its economic interests in Cuba, and to protest Spain’s brutal treatment of
Cuban civilians.
182. Why was the United States so interested in building the Panama Canal?
ANSWER: The Panama Canal would provide a water route between the East Coast and West
Coast of the United States, and give the United States control over a direct trade link
between the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean.
183. Why was the United States so interested the security of Latin America?
ANSWER: The United States was interested in the security of Latin American, because
Protecting Latin America would make the United States more secure.
184. What were the reasons for hostility between Austria-Hungary and Serbia?
ANSWER: 1. Austria-Hungary feared that Serbia’s growth would incite Slavic peoples within its
own territory.
2. Serbia resented Austria-Hungary’s annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovia.
185. What were the three forces in Europe that helped set the state for World War 1 (WWI)?
ANSWER: 1. nationalism
2. imperialism
3. militarism
186. During WWI, who were the members of the Triple Alliance?
ANSWER: 1. Germany
2. Austria-Hungary
3. Italy
187. During WWI, who were the members of the Triple Entente?
ANSWER: 1. Great Britain
2. France
3. Russia
188. What single event set in motion the start of WWI?
ANSWER: Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated.
189. How did the governments of warring nations fight a total war?
ANSWER: The warring governments did the following:
1. took control of the economy;
2. directed a rationing program;
3. suppressed anti-war activities;
4. censored news reports;
5. used propaganda.
190. What factors prompted the United States to join the the Allies in fighting WWI?
ANSWER: 1. Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare;
2. The Zimmermann Note;
3. the United States had ties with the Allies.
191. What was the goal of Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Point Plan?
ANSWER: He wanted to create a just and lasting peace throughout the world.
192. What did the War Guilt Clause in the Treaty of Versailles do?
ANSWER: The War Guilt Clause in the Treaty of Versailles blamed Germany for the war, and
required Germany to pay for reparations.
193. Why did the United States reject the Treaty of Versailles?
ANSWER: The United States wanted to stay out of European affairs.
194. Why did industrialization in Russia lead to unrest?
ANSWER: Factory workers felt exploited, and resented lack of political power.
195. What problems did Lenin and the Bolsheviks face after the Russian Revolution?
ANSWER: 1. Russia’s involvement in WWI;
2. social unrest;
3. political opponents;
4. civil war
5. famine
196. How did Communism prevent nationalism in the new state created by the Russian Revolution?
ANSWER: The Communists organized Russia under a central government, renamed the country
the Bolshevik councils;
197. How did WWI help bring about the Russian Revolution?
ANSWER: 1. Troop morale was low.
2. There were fuel and food shortages.
198. Of the weapons of totalitarianism, which allows the most long-term control?
ANSWER: Indoctrination allows the most long-term control, because eventually those who
oppose the regime will die, and those who are indoctrinated will remain to support
the ruler.
199. How did the actions of the Great Purge increase Stalin’s power?
ANSWER: He eliminated millions who opposed him.
200. What methods did Stalin use to bring agriculture?
ANSWER: 1. establishment of collective farms
2. use of terror and violence
3. destruction of the Kulaks
201. How did Southwest change as a result of nationalism?
ANSWER: Three new nations emerged: Turkey, Persia-Iran, and Saudi Arabia.
202. What countries formed the Axis Powers of WWII?
ANSWER: Germany, Italy, and Japan
203. Why was Egypt of strategic importance in WWII?
ANSWER: The Suez Canal was the route the oil of Southwest Asia.
Use the information in these 3 paragraphs to answer questions 204 and 207.
During the 1930s, Adolf Hitler played on the hopes and fears of the western democracies. Each
time the Nazi dictator grabbed new territory, he would declare an end to his demands. Peace seemed
guaranteed until Hitler moved again. After his moves into Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hitler
turned his eyes to Poland. After World War I, the Allies had cut out the Polish corridor from German
territory to give Poland access to the sea. In 1939, Hitler demanded that the Polish corridor be returned
to Germany. Between September 1st and 3rd of 1939, Hitler took over the western half of Poland.
On September 17, 1939, Joseph Stalin sent Soviet troops to occupy the eastern half of
Poland. Stalin then moved to annex countries to the north of Poland. Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia fell
without a struggle. But Finland resisted. In November, Stalin sent nearly one million Soviet troops into
Finland. In March 1940, Finland surrendered to Stalin’s Soviet Union.
In May 1940, Hitler began a dramatic sweep through the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and
France. France surrendered to Germany on June 22, 1940.
204. Who was the leader of Germany during WWII?
ANSWER: Adolf Hitler
205. Who was the leader of the Soviet Union during WWII?
ANSWER: Joseph Stalin
206. Which countries did Germany takeover (annex) between September 1939 and June 1940?
ANSWER: 1. Rhineland
2. Austria
3. Czechoslovakia
4. Western Half of Poland
5. Netherlands
6. Belgium
7. Luxembourg
8. France
207. Which countries did the Soviet Union take over (annex) between September 1939
and March 1940?
ANSWER: 1. Eastern Half of Poland
2. Lithuania
3. Latvia
4. Estonia
5. Finland
208. What were Stalin’s goals in Europe at the beginning of WWII?
ANSWER: Stalin aimed at expanding the Soviet Union’s territory and power while keeping his
country out of the war.
209. Why was Egypt of strategic importance in WWII?
ANSWER: The Suez Canal was the route to the oil of southeast Asia.
210. On what day did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor in Hawaii?
ANSWER: December 7, 1941.
211. When did Japan attack the Philippines?
ANSWER: Japan attacked the Philippines 10 hours after the attack of Pearl Harbor.
212. What steps did Hitler take to rid Germany of Jews?
ANSWER: Hitler tried to force the Jews to emigrate. When this plan failed, he ordered all Jews
to move into ghettos where he hoped they would die of starvation or disease.
213. How was the “Final Solution” a natural outcome of Nazi racial theory?
ANSWER: To remain a super race, the Aryans had to remain pure. Therefore, all of the inferior
races, especially the Jews, had to be eliminated.
214. What was the new racial order proposed by the Nazis?
ANSWER: The Aryans were a “Master Race,” and all others were inferior.
215. What Nazi action marked the final stage of the “Final Solution?”
ANSWER: extermination camps
216. Why did the US Government propaganda portray the Japanese as sinister (evil)?
ANSWER: It would be easier to get Americans’ support to fight the Japanese if Americans
believed the Japanese were evil.
217. What brought about the Japanese surrender?
ANSWER: use of atomic weapons
218. Why did so many Europeans take to the roads, and roam the countryside after WWII?
ANSWER: People were looking for family members, and trying to return home.
219. How did the Allies deal with WWII war crimes?
ANSWER: The Allies established the International Military Tribunal to try Nazi leaders.
220. What three programs did General Douglas MacArthur introduce during the US occupation of
Japan?
ANSWER: 1. demilitarization
2. democratization
3. economic recovery
221. How did demilitarization and a revived economy help Japan?
ANSWER: The reduced influence of military leaders and increased economic power of the
Japanese people might result in a wider sharing of power in Japan.
222. Why did the Americans choose the British system of government for the Japanese, instead of
the American system?
ANSWER: The Japanese wanted to keep their emperor/a monarch. The American system had
no place for monarchs.
223. Why did the United States and the Soviet Union split after WWII?
ANSWER: Their aims were in conflict: The US wanted to promote the economic recovery and
growth of western Europe; the Soviet Union wanted to protect itself and spread
Communism.
224. Why might Winston Churchill use a “Iron Curtain” to refer to the division between western and
eastern Europe?
ANSWER: Because the west would be unable to penetrate eastern Europe now that it was
under Soviet control.
225. What was Truman’s major reason for offering aid to other countries?
ANSWER: Help European countries rebuild and become strong enough to resist Communist
expansion.
226. How did the US policy of brinkmanship contribute to the arms race?
ANSWER: The US and the Soviet Union began a contest to see who could amass a greater
number of nuclear weapons more quickly.
227. What was the purpose in forming the United Nations?
ANSWER: To protect members against aggression.
228. What was the goal of the Marshall Plan?
ANSWER: To provide aid to European countries damaged WWII.
229. What were the goals NATO and the Warsaw Pact?
ANSWER: Both military alliances had been formed to contain its enemies with force, if
necessary.
230. How did the outcome the Chinese Civil War contribute to Cold War tensions?
ANSWER: The victory of the Chinese Communists reinforced the US belief that the Communists
would take over the world.
231. What aspects of Marxist Socialism did Mao try to bring to China?
ANSWER: 1. collective ownership of land
2. communal living
3. government control of industry
232. How did the Chinese Communists increase their power during WWII?
ANSWER: Chinese Communists did the following:
1. mobilized peasants for war
2. promoted literacy
3. improved food production
233. What effects did the Korean War have on the Korean people and nation?
ANSWER: About 4 million Koreans and soldiers died and neither North Korea or South Korea
had gained any territory.
234. What role did the United Nations play in the Korean War?
ANSWER: The UN sent an international force to Korea to stop the North Korean invasion of
South Korea.
235. How did Vietnam become divided?
ANSWER: Peace settlement after French defeat.
236. What different US and Soviet aims led to Cuban Missile Crisis?
ANSWER: 1. US desire to protect itself and prevent the spread of Communism
2. Soviet desire to support its Communist ally
237. Why did the US switch its support from the Sandinistas to the Contras?
ANSWER: Because the Sandinistas were supporting socialist rebels in El Salvador.
238. Why did the United States support the Shah of Iran?
ANSWER: To maintain the Shah’s alliance with the west and prevent the Soviets from gaining
influence in Iran.
239. In what ways were US involvement in Vietnam and Soviet involvement in Afghanistan similar?
ANSWER: Both superpowers became mired in long, bloody struggles with guerrilla forces who
ultimately defeated them.
240. How was the Cuban Missile Crisis resolved?
ANSWER: 1. Soviet Union withdrew missiles
2. US pledged not to invade Cuba
241. What was significant about the 1990 elections in Nicaragua?
ANSWER: First free elections in Nicaragua’s history.
242. Why did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?
ANSWER: To support the Communists regime.
243. Why was Nikita Khruschev removed from power in 1964?
ANSWER: Because he lost face during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962.
244. In what ways did Nixon’s and Reagan’s policies toward the Soviet Union differ?
ANSWER: 1. Nixon pursued a policy of detente, or easing of tensions.
2. Reagan brought tensions to a new height.
245. Why did British official partition India into India and Pakistan?
ANSWER: To create separate nations for Hindus and Muslims who struggled to get along.
246. In what way did Pakistan also undergo a partition?
ANSWER: East Pakistan became Bangladesh.
247. What is the main cause, today, of civil strife in Sri Lanka?
ANSWER: Fight with Tamil Separatists?
248. What are the cornerstones of democracy, according to Sukarnoputri?
ANSWER: 1. Respect for the people’s voice
2. Respect for the rule of law.
249. List 6 results of the Peace of Westphalia?
ANSWER:
1. It weakened Spain and Austria.
2. It strengthened France.
3. It made German Princes independent of the Holy Roman Empire.
4. It ended religious wars in Europe.
5. It introduced a new method of negotiating peace.
6. It established modern state system.
250. Why did Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great fight 2 wars against each other?
ANSWER: They were battling over territory.
251. What was Peter the Great’s primary goal for Russia?
ANSWER: He wanted to westernize Russia so that the country could compete militarily and
commercially with western Europe.
252. Describe participants, causes, and outcomes of the English Civil War?
Royalists (also called Cavaliers) and Roundheads (also called Puritans) fought over religion,
money, and the extent of the king’s power. The Roundheads won, and beheaded
King Charles I.
253. How did Parliament try to limit the power of the English Monarchy under King Charles I?
ANSWER: Parliament did the following:
1. refused to grant funds, and forced King Charles I to sign the Petition of Right;
2. invited William and Mary to rule as partners with Parliament;
3. drafted a Bill of Rights.
254. Describe Copernicus.
DESCRIPTION: Astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus lived between 1473–1543. He identified the
concept of a heliocentric solar system, in which the sun, rather than the earth, is
the center of the solar system.
255. Describe Galileo
ANSWER: Galileo lived between 1564–1642. He was an Italian scientist and scholar known for
pioneering observations that laid the foundation for modern physics and astronomy.
256. How did Keppler’s findings support the Heliocentric Theory?
ANSWER: Keppler’s findings supported the Heliocentric Theory mathematically.
257. In what 2 ways does Galileo seek to appease the Church?
ANSWERS: He declares his former beliefs to be false, and swears not to contradict Church
doctrine again.
258. How did Descarte’s approach to science differ from Bacon’s.
ANSWER: Descarte emphasized mathematical reasoning while Bacon emphasized
experimentation.
259. Why was the law of gravitation important?
ANSWER: It explained motion both on the earth and in the heavens, and helped prove that
the same physical laws govern both.
260. Before the 1500s, who and what were the final authorities in regard to most knowledge.
ANSWER: Ancient Greek or Roman thinkers and the Bible
261. How did the heliocentric theory of the universe differ from the geocentric theory?
ANSWER: Heliocentric theory says that planets revolve around the sun. Geocentric theory
says that the sun revolves around the earth.
262. What are the main steps of the scientific method?
ANSWER:
1. Observation
2. Hypothesis
3. Experimentation (to test)
4. Interpretation
5. Conclusion
263. How does Locke’s view of human nature differ from that of Hobbes?
ANSWER:
1. Hobbes believed that humans were naturally selfish and wicked.
2. Locke’s view was more positive - He thought that humans were reasonable,
could learn and grow, and had natural rights.
264. What advantages did Montesquieu see in the separation of powers?
ANSWER:
1. It would keep any individual or group from gaining total power.
2. Each branch would check the power of other branches.
265. Why was the issue of education important to Astell and Wollstonecraft?
ANSWER:
1. Education was closed to women.
2. It could help women improve themselves, and was key to exercising the same
rights as men.
266. What are the natural rights with which people are born according to John Locke?
ANSWER: Life, Liberty, and Property
267. Who were the philosophes, and what did they advocate?
ANSWER:
The philosophes were French thinkers and social critics. They advocated applying
reason to many aspects of life.
268. What was the legacy of the Enlightenment?
ANSWER:
1. greater belief in progress
2. rise of secularism
3. rise of individualism
269. The philosophes believed that people could apply reason to all aspects of life just as Isaac
Newton had applied reason to science. Five concepts formed the core of their beliefs, which
include the following:
1. REASON: Enlightened thinkers believed that truth could be discovered through reason or logical
thinking.
2. NATURE: The Philosophes believed that what was natural was also good and reasonable.
3. HAPPINESS: The Philosophes rejected the medieval notion that people should find joy in the
hereafter, and urged people to seek wellbeing on earth.
4. PROGRESS: The Philosophes stressed that society and humankind could improve.
5. LIBERTY: The Philosophes called for the liberties that the English people had won in their
Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights.
270. How does Locke’s view of human nature differ from that of Hobbes?
ANSWER:
1. Hobbes believed that humans were naturally selfish and wicked.
2. Locke’s was more positive. He believed that humans were reasonable, could
Learn and grow, and had natural rights.
271. What advantages did Montesquieu see the separation of powers?
ANSWER:
1. It would keep any individual or group from gaining total power.
2. Each branch of government would check the power of the other branches.
Use this table below to answer questions 272-283
TABLE OF MAJOR IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT (ENLIGHTENMENT TABLE)
IDEA
THINKER
IMPACT
Natural Rights: Life,
Liberty, Property
LOCKE
Natural rights of life, liberty, and property are fundamental to the US
Declaration of Independence
Separation of Powers
Montesquieu
Freedom of Thought
and Expression
Voltaire
France, United States, and Latin American countries use separation
of powers in new constitutions.
a.
b.
c.
Freedom of thought and expression are guaranteed in the
US Bill of Rights,
Freedom of thought and expression are guaranteed in the
French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen;
European Monarchs reduced or Eliminated Censorship
Abolishment of Torture
Beccaria
a.
b.
Abolishment of torture was guaranteed in US Bill of Rights;
Torture was outlawed or reduced in nations of Europe and
the Americas.
Religious Freedom
Voltaire
a.
b.
Freedom of religion was guaranteed in the US Bill of Rights;
Freedom of religion was guaranteed in the French
Declaration of the Rights of Man;
European Monarchs reduced persecution.
c.
Women’s Equality
Wollstonecraft
Women’s Rights groups formed in Europe and North America.
272. According to the Enlightenment Table, which thinker is identified with the idea of “Natural
Rights: Life, Liberty, and Property?
ANSWER: Locke
273. According to the Enlightenment Table, what was the impact of the idea of “Natural Rights: Life,
Liberty, and Property?”
ANSWER: Natural rights of life, liberty, and property were fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
274. According to the Enlightenment Table, which thinker is identified with the idea of “Separation
of Powers?”
ANSWER: Montesquieu
275. According to the Enlightenment Table, what was the impact of the idea of “Separation of
Powers?”
ANSWER: France, the United States, and Latin American nations put separation of powers in
Their new Constitutions.
276. According to the Enlightenment Table, which thinker is identified with the idea of “Freedom of
Thought and Expression?”
ANSWER: Voltaire
277. According the Enlightenment Table, what was the impact of the idea of “Freedom of Thought
and Expression?”
ANSWER: 1. Freedom of thought and expression are guaranteed in the United States Bill of
Rights;
2. Freedom of thought and expression are guaranteed in the French Declaration of
The Rights of Man and Citizen;
3. European Monarchs reduced or eliminated censorship.
278. According to the Enlightenment Table, which thinker is identified with the idea of “Abolishment
Of Torture?”
ANSWER: Beccaria
279. According to the Enlightenment Table, what was the impact of the idea of “Abolishment of
Torture?”
ANSWER: 1. Abolishment of torture is guaranteed in the United States Bill of Rights;
2. Torture was outlawed or reduced in nations of Europe and the Americas.
280. According to the Enlightenment Table, which thinker is identified with the idea of “Religious
Freedom?”
ANSWER: Voltaire
281. According to the Enlightenment Table, what was the impact of the idea of “Religious Freedom?”
ANSWER: 1. Religious freedom was guaranteed in the United States Bill of Rights;
2. Religious freedom was guaranteed in the French Declaration of Rights of Man and
Citizen;
3. European Monarchs reduced persecution.
282. According to the Enlightenment Table, which thinker is identified with the idea of “Women’s
Equality?”
ANSWER: Wollstonecraft
283. According to the Enlightenment Table, what was the impact of the idea of “Women’s Equality?”
ANSWER: Women’s rights groups formed in Europe and the Americas.
284. How did the French Revolution affect the colonists in the Americas?
ANSWER: The French Revolution inspired the Latin American and Haitians to rebel against the
French when the French were least able to respond.
285. How was Spanish colonial society structured in the Americas?
ANSWER: Peninsulares were at the top. Then there were the Creoles, Mestizos, Slaves, and
Indians (indigenous people).
286. How was the Haitian Revolution different from the rest of the revolutions in Latin America?
ANSWER: The revolt was accomplished by slaves.
287. Which groups led the quest for Mexican independence?
ANSWER: Indians and Mestizos
288. Which aging empires suffered from the forces of nationalism?
ANSWER: Austrian, Russian, and Ottoman Empires
289. What advantage did Prussia have in leading the German states to unify?
ANSWER: It had a mainly German population, and had a powerful army.
290. What are some of the themes that are key to romantic literature and art?
ANSWER:
1. beauty
2. mystery
3. terror
4. heroism
5. passion
6. love
7. tragedy
8. Isolation
291. What was the key element of romanticism?
ANSWER: emotion
292. What characteristics did photography have that made it the art of the industrial age?
ANSWER:
1. Scientific
2. mechanical
3. mass production of photos
293. What was the goal of the impressionist painters?
ANSWER: They wanted to show a moment in time at a glance.
294. What caused the Creoles in South America to rebel against Spain?
ANSWER:
1. They resented the Peninsulares.
2. They were inspired by Enlightenment ideas.
3. They were inspired by the American and French Revolutions.
4. They felt no loyalty to the French appointed King of Spain.
295. What role did Agustin de Iturbide play in the independence of Mexico?
ANSWER: Iturbide initially opposed Mexican independence, but eventually became its leader.
296. Who was Dom Pedro, and what role did he play in Brazil’s move to independence?
ANSWER: Dom Pedro was the ruler of Brazil, and son of the Portuguese king. He officially
declared Brazilian independence in 1822.
297. Why did the French Louis-Napoleon as an emperor?
ANSWER: They were tired of instability, and wanted a strong ruler to bring peace.
298. What were 4 factors that contributed to industrialization in Britain?
ANSWER:
1. large work force
2. expanding economy
3. natural resources
4. political stability
299. How did rising population help the Industrial Revolution?
ANSWER: It supplied extra workers, and created demand.
300. What American invention aided in British textile industry?
ANSWER: Eli Whitney’s cotton gin
301. Why did people flock to British cities and towns during the industrial revolution?
ANSWER: The wanted to find jobs in factories.
302. What social class expanded as a result of industrialization?
ANSWER: Middle Class
303. What early industries mechanized in the United States?
ANSWER: Textiles, Clothing, and Shoe Making
304. Why did Belgium lead Europe in adopting industrialization?
ANSWER: Belgium had rich deposits of iron and coal, and good water transportation.
305. How did the industrial revolution shift the world’s balance of power?
ANSWER: It promoted competition between industrialized, and increased poverty in less
developed countries.
306. What were Adam Smith’s Three Natural Laws of Ecomomics?
ANSWER:
1. self interest
2. competition
3. supply and demand
307. What kind of society did early socialists want?
ANSWER: They wanted a society with cooperation and economic planning where workers
shared profits.
308. Why did workers join together in unions?
ANSWER: Joining together in unions gave them power to bargain for better working conditions
and higher wages.
309. Why was the work of Pavlov and Freud groundbreaking?
ANSWER: It explored how a part of the mind that people were not aware of, the unconscious,
influences thoughts and behaviors.
310. What effect did the assembly line have on production cost?
ANSWER: It lowered production cost.
311. How did Joseph Lister improve the survival rate of his patients?
ANSWER: He used antiseptics (germ killing liquids), and ordered that his surgical ward
be kept clean.
312. Why were African resistance movements usually unsuccessful?
ANSWER: Europeans had superior weapons.
313. How did colonial rule cause a breakdown in traditional African culture?
ANSWER: 1. Traditional authority was replaced.
2. Men were forced to leave villages to find work.
314. What is geopolitics?
ANSWER: It is an interest in or taking of land for strategic locations and/or products.
315. Why did Great Britain want to control the Suez Canal?
ANSWER: They wanted to control so they could quicker access to the British colonies in
Africa and Asia.
316. Why did the Persian people oppose their ruler’s policy of selling business concessions to
Europeans?
ANSWER: They disliked western influence.