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Metamorphic Rocks from Greek word meaning “to change form” Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are called “daughter” rocks because they are created from existing “parent” rocks What do you think they are made from? Made from igneous, sedimentary, and other metamorphic rocks What might have happened to “morph” this rock? Metamorphic Rocks Created by heat, pressure or chemical change 12-16 km below earth’s surface Metamorphic Rocks Fossils present are distorted or deformed Some are easy to cut and polish so used for buildings, statues, monuments, etc. There are 2 types of metamorphic processes: Dynamic and Contact/Thermal Dynamic Metamorphism forms most metamorphic rocks occurs during mountain building and movement of tectonic plates occurs in large areas so called regional metamorphism Dynamic Metamorphism •Existing rocks are subjected to high heat and pressure •Mineral crystals of existing rocks are squeezed together, making the new rock more dense and less porous Dynamic Metamorphism - Foliation Produces foliated rocks in which mineral grains are arranged in parallel layers or bands; Splits along these layers into thin sheets Dynamic Metamorphism Examples slate schist gneiss Contact/Thermal Metamorphism Magma forces its way into a layer of rock and heats it. It is also called thermal metamorphism Hot liquids and gases from magma react with surrounding rock causing structural and chemical changes Occurs in small areas so also called local metamorphism Contact/Thermal Metamorphism Non-foliated •Produces non foliated rocks in which mineral grains are arranged randomly •Does not split into layers marble quartzite Parent → Daughter limestone sedimentary → marble metamorphic Parent → Daughter sandstone sedimentary → quartzite metamorphic Parent → Daughter shale sedimentary → slate metamorphic Parent → Daughter Bituminous coal sedimentary → anthracite coal metamorphic Parent → Daughter Conglomerate sedimentary → metaconglomerate metamorphic Parent → Daughter granite igneous → gneiss metamorphic Parent → Daughter → basalt igneous metabasalt metamorphic Parent → Daughter phyllite metamorphic → schist metamorphic Parent → Daughter slate metamorphic → phyllite metamorphic Parent → Daughter slate metamorphic → hornfels metamorphic Which type of metamorphism makes foliated rocks? Why? Metamorphism Why are there metamorphic rocks commonly found on the red? Metamorphic Rocks Use these words in the correct place: regional, local, contact, dynamic, thermal, foliated, non-foliated, heat, pressure (one word is used 2x) ________________or ________________ ________________ Area size = _______________________ Area size=________________ magma Mountain building & Tectonic Plates Near magma chambers high__________&________________ cause minerals to layer in the rocks. Layered rocks are called _______________ _____________________ causes minerals to chemically change These rocks do not have layers so they are __________________ Metamorphic Rocks Use these words in the correct place: regional, local, contact, dynamic, thermal, foliated, non-foliated, heat, pressure ___THERMAL____or ___CONTACT_____ _____DYNAMIC___________ Area size = _______REGIONAL_______ Area size=_____LOCAL___________ magma Mountain building & Tectonic Plates Near magma chambers high___HEAT___&___PRESSURE______ cause minerals to layer in the rocks. Layered rocks are called ____FOLIATED_____ _______HEAT________ causes minerals to chemically change These rocks do not have layers so they are _____NONFOLIATED________ Rock Cycle http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_scien ce/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602 page02.cfm