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The 1920s: Warren G. Harding and the Scopes Trial D. Challenges at Home and Abroad (ca. 1914-1945) d. Identify the characteristics of social conflict and social change that took place in the early 1920s. D. Challenges at Home and Abroad (ca. 1914-1945) 3.The United States in a Changing World b. Describe and evaluate the impact of scientific and technological innovations of the 1920s Warren G. Harding, a Republican, won the Presidential election of 1920.. Warren G. Harding’s Problems -A group of influential men who assisted President Harding and were from his home state were called the “Ohio Gang.” Many asserted they mislead Harding to pursue corruption. -For instance, in Teapot Dome, Wyoming, oil rich lands were set aside for the government. Yet, Albert Fall, Secretary of Interior, accepted a bribe of $400,000.00 to lease the land to private oil companies. -This was called the Teapot Dome Scandal and many asserted it proved that Harding was incompetent to stop corruption from occurring in the government. The Teapot Dome Scandal tarnished the reputation of President Harding. Republican Politics in the 1920s -Warren G. Harding served from 1921-1923 and died of a heart attack in office. Calvin Coolidge was the Vice President to Harding and served from 1923-1929. -The Republican economic policy of the 1920s can be described as a trickledown economics system with low taxes on the rich and little regulation for the stock market. -The American economy saw a surge in economic activity in this decade and businesses gained immense wealth. Yet, the Great Depression soon followed. Warren G. Harding, the 29th President, served from 1921-1923 and died of a heart attack in office. Calvin Coolidge was the Vice President to Harding and served from 1923-1929. Each were Republicans who pursued trickle down economics in the 1920s. Evolution -A scientist named Charles Darwin sought to explain why there is such diversity among living things in the 1800s. -In the 1800s, many religious theists, especially fundamentalists, attributed this diversity to the notion that God created all living things individually. -Darwin disagreed with this claim. He taught that evolution was the process that naturally created the diverse species on the planet. Darwin Publishes His Theory -In 1859, Darwin published On the Origin of Species to elaborate on this theory of evolution. -According to Darwin, living beings compete for resources, such as food, the fittest survive and then they pass their traits to their decedents. The weaker beings die out. -The future generations of these beings morph over time based on adaptations they have experienced. Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species. Darwinism in Biology: Darwin taught living beings evolve over time. This diagram shows that Darwin taught that primates, such as gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans, have a common ancestry in the past. This diagram depicts the theory that some land animals evolved into sea animals, such as whales. Darwinian theory on the origin of species displayed in the “evolutionary tree” diagram. Fundamentalist Christianity -Fundamentalist Christianity is a conservative form of Christianity that maintains a rigid interpretation of the Bible. -Fundamentalists believe the God of Christianity created all things, the Bible was inspired by God, and the creation narrative in the Bible is to be interrupted rigidly as seven literal days of creation. -Many citizens of the USA, especially in the South, practiced Fundamentalist Christianity in the 1920s and many also rejected the teaching of evolution as irreconcilable with their interpretation of the Bible. Modernists & Secularists in the 1920s -Many secularists believed living things evolved overtime and originated from non-living things, a process called abiogenesis. -Numerous secularists were atheists, agnostics, and deists who believed that the Bible was a collection of writings and myths, not God’s word. -While fundamentalists believed Darwinism went against their faith, other followers of Christianity, such as Modernists, felt Darwinism was compatible with Christianity. John Scopes taught evolution in Tennessee, which was illegal in the state in 1925. This led to the trial dubbed the “The Scopes Monkey Trial.” Many fundamentalists protested teaching evolution in public schools. The Scopes “Monkey” Trial -In March of 1925, Tennessee banned the teaching of evolution. John T. Scopes, a teacher, went against the law and taught the topic in a biology class. -Two lawyers faced off in the case. Clarence Darrow defended Scopes against William Jennings Bryan, a Fundamentalist. -The issue at hand was whether or not evolution should be taught at public schools. Scopes lost and was fined $100.00 for teaching evolution. THE END Copyright, USHistoryTeachers.com All Rights Reserved.