Download I MSC BT - 258B - Core PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

Dr.G.R.Damodaran College of Science
(Autonomous, affiliated to the Bharathiar University, recognized by the UGC)Re-accredited at
the 'A' Grade Level by the NAAC and ISO 9001:2008 Certified
CRISL rated 'A' (TN) for MBA and MIB Programmes
I M.Sc [2016-2018]
Semester II
Core: PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY – 258B
Multiple Choice Questions.
1. Transposons are _________.
A. mobile genetic elements between homologous chromosomes.
B. mobile genetic elements between non homologous chromosomes.
C. non mobile genetic elements.
D. recombinant genetic elements.
ANSWER: B
2. __________ is a set of techniques used to adapt plants for specific needs or opportunities.
A. Plant Biotechnology.
B. Animal Biotechnology.
C. Nanobiotechnology.
D. Molecular Genetics.
ANSWER: A
3. Plasmids replication depends on the specific factors and _______.
A. autonomous.
B. depends on the genomic DNA.
C. needs an initiator.
D. does not replicate.
ANSWER: A
4. Ti plasmid is useful in bringing _______.
A. new genes into animal cells.
B. new genes into plant cells.
C. tumor cells into plant cells.
D. tumor cells into animal cells.
ANSWER: B
5. Ti plasmid transfer works with_______.
A. monocots only.
B. dicots only.
C. all plants.
D. both monocots and dicots.
ANSWER: B
6. Ti plasmid naturally occurs in _______.
A. Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
B. Corynebacterium species.
C. Staphylococcus species.
D. Vibrio chloreae.
ANSWER: A
7. Plasmids are naturally occurring as _______.
A. linear single stranded DNA.
B. linear single stranded RNA.
C. linear duplex DNA.
D. circular duplex DNA.
ANSWER: C
8. The plasmids associated with resistance to antibiotics is represented as _______.
A. R.
B. Hfr.
C. D.
D. F.
ANSWER: A
9. Plasmids with ability to coexist in the same cell with other plasmids are called _______.
A. major.
B. classical.
C. incompatibility.
D. constitutive.
ANSWER: C
10. Small pieces of DNA that can insert themselves into chromosomes at numerous locations and mutations are called
_______.
A. carcinogens.
B. wild type genes.
C. transposons.
D. frame shift genes.
ANSWER: C
11. The plasmid resist to ampicillin is _______.
A. pBR327.
B. pBR322.
C. pUC.
D. all the above.
ANSWER: D
12. The plasmid derived from E.coli is _______.
A. pBR327.
B. pBR322.
C. none of the above.
D. all the above.
ANSWER: C
13. pBR322 vector was produced by _______.
A. Bolivar.
B. Rodriguez.
C. both a and b.
D. Landsteiner
ANSWER: C
14. Antisense RNA molecules have a sequence ______ to normal RNA transcripts
A. complementary.
B. non complementary.
C. opposite.
D. similar.
ANSWER: A
15. _________ can be used to bring two genetically different parents together for common desirable characters.
A. Hybridization.
B. Protoplast fusion.
C. Polymerase chain reaction.
D. Sexual reproduction.
ANSWER: B
16. Which of the following agents is achieved by Protoplast fusion?
A. Polyethylene glycol.
B. Glycerol.
C. Ethylene.
D. Nitrogen.
ANSWER: A
17. The product of protoplasm fusion is a _______.
A. uninucleated cell.
B. multinucleated cell.
C. homokaryon.
D. heterokaryon.
ANSWER: D
18. pBR322 is most commonly used _______.
A. plasmid.
B. cosmid.
C. bacteriophage.
D. bacteria.
ANSWER: A
19. A plant cell without cell wall is called _______.
A. tropoplast.
B. protoplast.
C. chloroplast.
D. chromoplast.
ANSWER: B
20. Genome of an organism refers to its total _______.
A. haploid DNA.
B. number of proteins.
C. number of chromosomes.
D. number of genes.
ANSWER: A
21. Enucleated protoplast is called _______.
A. cytoplast.
B. cybrid.
C. tonoplast.
D. duplast.
ANSWER: C
22. The collection of experimental methods of growing large number of isolated cells under sterile condition is called
_______.
A. plant tissue culture.
B. taxonomy.
C. cytology.
D. physiology.
ANSWER: A
23. _________ is necessary for drying the washed glass goods.
A. Vacuum pump.
B. Hot air oven.
C. Heater.
D. Autoclave.
ANSWER: B
24. Which one of the following vitamins is used in PTC medium?
A. Pyridoxine.
B. Vitamin A.
C. Vitamin C.
D. Biotin.
ANSWER: A
25. What type of products is generated after RAPD?
A. Orbitory.
B. Arbitrary.
C. Auxillary.
D. Orbitol.
ANSWER: B
26. LINES stand for _______ Nuclear Elements.
A. Long Interspersed.
B. Large Interspersed.
C. Long Interpierced.
D. Large Interpierced.
ANSWER: A
27. What are the two types of classifications under Long Terminal Repeats in retroposons?
A. Ty1, Ty2.
B. Ty1, Ty4.
C. Ty1, Ty3.
D. Ty2, Ty3.
ANSWER: C
28. How much percentage of human genome is composed of transposons?
A. 50.
B. 40.
C. 30
D. 20.
ANSWER: A
29. What is class I type transposons?
A. Transposons III.
B. Transposons I.
C. Transposons II.
D. Retroposons.
ANSWER: D
30. RAPD is also known as _______.
A. orbitory primer PCR.
B. orbitol primer PCR.
C. arbitrary primer PCR.
D. RFLP.
ANSWER: C
31. RFLP mainly deals with _______.
A. mutations.
B. variations.
C. recombinations.
D. All the above.
ANSWER: D
32. In RAPD amplification product will be generated only between _____ primer annealing sites.
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 5.
ANSWER: B
33. The in vitro culture and maintenance of an excised organ primordial or whole or part of an organ is called as
_______ culture.
A. anther.
B. callus.
C. organ.
D. suspension.
ANSWER: C
34. _______ reported first the culture of excised root tips from the aseptically germinated wheat seedlings.
A. Kotte and Robbins.
B. White and LaRue.
C. Kotte and LaRue.
D. LaRue and Robbins.
ANSWER: A
35. Who reported the successful culture of root segments of aseptically germinated tomato seedlings?
A. P.R. White.
B. C.D. LaRue.
C. S.W. Loo.
D. J.P. Nitsch.
ANSWER: A
36. ______ reported first in vitro culture of excised flower buds.
A. P.R. White.
B. C.D. LaRue.
C. S.W. Loo.
D. J.P. Nitsch.
ANSWER: B
37. _______ reported the culture of 5mm shoot tips of Asparagus seedlings on a medium.
A. P.R. White.
B. C.D. LaRue.
C. S.W. Loo.
D. J.P. Nitsch.
ANSWER: C
38. ________ cultures the ovaries of Lycopersicon esculentum.
A. P.R. White.
B. C.D. LaRue.
C. S.W. Loo.
D. J.P. Nitsch.
ANSWER: D
39. Which one of the following culture is particularly valuable in studies of the interdependence of organs for GH and
other growth factors?
A. Anther.
B. Callus.
C. Organ.
D. Suspension.
ANSWER: C
40. _______________ is the culture of excised radicle tips of aseptically germinated seeds?
A. Anther.
B. Root.
C. Organ.
D. Suspension.
ANSWER: B
41. ______ culture is the in vitro culture of a generally shiny special dome-like structure.
A. Anther.
B. Root.
C. Organ.
D. Meristem.
ANSWER: D
42. High cytokinin and low auxin are used in combination for the culture of __________.
A. shoot.
B. root.
C. nodule.
D. organ.
ANSWER: A
43. _____ is the most effective cytokinin commonly used in shoot tip or meristem culture.
A. NAA.
B. 2, 4-D.
C. BAP.
D. Zeatin.
ANSWER: C
44. _____ is the most effective auxin commonly used in shoot tip or meristem culture.
A. NAA.
B. 2, 4-D.
C. BAP.
D. Zeatin.
ANSWER: A
45. Coconut milk and ________ are also effective for the growth of shoot apices.
A. Gibberellic acid.
B. Auxin.
C. Cytokinin.
D. Ethylene.
ANSWER: A
46. Asexual or vegetative propagation of whole plants using tissue culture techniques is called as _________.
A. micropropagation.
B. organogenesis.
C. callus culture.
D. suspension culture.
ANSWER: A
47. Higher plant body is _________.
A. unicellular.
B. multicellular.
C. enucleated.
D. binucleated.
ANSWER: B
48. Unorganized proliferative mass of cells is called as ________.
A. Callus.
B. Explant.
C. Fragments.
D. Totipotent.
ANSWER: A
49. . Small excised portion of the _____ is used to produce mass of cells.
A. callus.
B. explant.
C. fragments.
D. totipotent.
ANSWER: B
50. The excised plant tissues loose its _______ integrity in culture.
A. chemical.
B. physical.
C. structural.
D. biological.
ANSWER: C
51. Who first succeeded in promoting the development of callus tissue?
A. Gautheret.
B. Nobecourt.
C. Can Overbeek.
D. Conklin.
ANSWER: A
52. Which of the below statement is CORRECT for the callus culture?
A. Aseptic preparation of plant material.
B. Selection of suitable nutrient medium.
C. Incubation of culture.
D. All the above.
ANSWER: D
53. For callus culture the manipulation sequence forceps, scalpels must kept in _____% ethanol.
A. 90.
B. 95.
C. 80.
D. 85.
ANSWER: B
54. The callus tissue formation is processed through _______ of the explant.
A. cell alteration.
B. cell lengthening.
C. cell expansion.
D. cell stringent.
ANSWER: C
55. 2, 4-D alone is sufficient for _______ culture.
A. callus.
B. organ.
C. anther.
D. pollen.
ANSWER: A
56. _______ is required for growth of cell.
A. Gibberrellin.
B. Auxin.
C. Cytokinin.
D. Ethylene.
ANSWER: B
57. _____ is required for cell division
A. Gibberrellin.
B. Auxin.
C. Cytokinin.
D. Ethylene
ANSWER: C
58. Callus is yellow due to synthesis of ______ pigments
A. carotenoid.
B. anthocyanin.
C. chlorophyll.
D. phycocyanin.
ANSWER: A
59. . Callus is purple due to accumulation of ____________.
A. carotenoid.
B. anthocyanin.
C. chlorophyll.
D. phycocyanin.
ANSWER: B
60. Which one of the following is a type of culture in which single cells or small aggregates of cells multiply?
A. Micropropagation.
B. Organogenesis.
C. Callus culture.
D. Suspension culture.
ANSWER: D
61. Gene silencing is generally termed as __________ of genes.
A. switching off.
B. switching on.
C. absence.
D. presence.
ANSWER: A
62. Production of ethylene is inhibited by antisense gene________.
A. glyphoshate.
B. ACC synthase.
C. ACC synthatase.
D. lyase.
ANSWER: B
63. ____________ is responsible for fruit ripening.
A. Glyphoshate.
B. ACC synthase.
C. ACC synthatase.
D. Polygalacturonidase.
ANSWER: D
64. Which one of the following technique is used to produce Flavr Savr tomato?
A. rDNA technology.
B. Trangenesis.
C. Antisense RNA technology.
D. rRNA technology.
ANSWER: C
65. Preservation of germplasm in the frozen state is termed as _______.
A. cryoprectectant.
B. cryopreservation.
C. preservation.
D. storage.
ANSWER: B
66. Conversion of molecular nitrogen into nitrogenous compound is called as _______.
A. nitrogen fixation.
B. nitrogen adsorption.
C. nitrogen dissociation.
D. nitrogen absorption.
ANSWER: A
67. Conversion of molecular nitrogen into nitrogenous compound through lightening is called as __________ nitrogen
fixation.
A. atmospheric.
B. industrial.
C. biological.
D. symbiotic.
ANSWER: A
68. Conversion of molecular nitrogen into nitrogenous compound through chemical is called __________ nitrogen
fixation
A. atmospheric.
B. industrial.
C. biological.
D. symbiotic.
ANSWER: B
69. Conversion of molecular nitrogen into nitrogenous compound through living organism is called __________
nitrogen fixation
A. atmospheric.
B. industrial.
C. biological.
D. symbiotic.
ANSWER: C
70. Which one of the following is NOT nitrogen fixer?
A. Rhizobium species.
B. Bacillus species.
C. Clostridium species.
D. Staphylococcus species.
ANSWER: D
71. ________ fixes molecular nitrogen in the roots of leguminous plant.
A. Rhizobium species.
B. Bacillus species.
C. Clostridium species.
D. Staphylococcus species.
ANSWER: A
72. Rizobium is a Gram ______ bacterium
A. negative rod.
B. negative spherical.
C. positive rod.
D. positive spherical.
ANSWER: A
73. Nodule bacteria were isolated by _______.
A. Watson.
B. Crick.
C. Nitesh.
D. Beijernck.
ANSWER: D
74. Nodule bacteria were isolated by Beijernck in ______.
A. 1988.
B. 1888.
C. 1788.
D. 1688.
ANSWER: B
75. Conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia by free living organism is called __________ nitrogen fixation.
A. atmospheric.
B. industrial.
C. nonsymbiotic.
D. symbiotic.
ANSWER: C
76. Conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia by organism in the root itself is called __________ nitrogen
fixation.
A. atmospheric.
B. industrial.
C. nonsymbiotic.
D. symbiotic.
ANSWER: D
77. Non symbiotic nitrogen fixers are _______.
A. bacteria.
B. virus.
C. fungi.
D. nematodes.
ANSWER: A
78. Non symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterium is _______.
A. Anabena.
B. Azomonas.
C. Rhizobium.
D. Klebsiella.
ANSWER: B
79. Non symbiotic nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium is _______.
A. Anabena.
B. Azomonas.
C. Rhizobium.
D. Klebsiella.
ANSWER: A
80. Heterocyst is the structure present in _______.
A. Anabena.
B. Azomonas.
C. Rhizobium.
D. Azospirillum.
ANSWER: B
81. What is the shape of root nodules?
A. Spherical.
B. Circular.
C. Oval.
D. Rectangle.
ANSWER: A
82. Root nodule is formed by the _________ of the root cells.
A. elongation.
B. circularization.
C. curling.
D. proliferation.
ANSWER: D
83. Proliferation of root nodule is induced by the bacterium _______.
A. Anabena.
B. Azomonas.
C. Rhizobium.
D. Azospirillum.
ANSWER: C
84. Fe-protein part of nitrogenase enzyme can also be called as _______.
A. dinitrogen reductase.
B. dinitrogenase.
C. reductase.
D. dinitrogen.
ANSWER: B
85. Fe-Mo-protein part of nitrogenase enzyme can also be called as _______.
A. dinitrogen reductase.
B. dinitrogenase.
C. reductase.
D. dinitrogen.
ANSWER: A
86. Preparation of microorganism which on adding to the soil to improve the fertility of the soil is known as _______.
A. biofertilizers.
B. vermicompost.
C. fertilizers.
D. composting.
ANSWER: A
87. Biofertilizers which converts nitrogen into nitrogenous compound are called as ________ fixers
A. dinitrogen.
B. nitrogen.
C. ammonia.
D. nitric acid.
ANSWER: B
88. Which one of the following is considered to be the best nitrogen fixers for biofertilizers?
A. Anabena.
B. Azomonas.
C. Rhizobium.
D. Azospirillum.
ANSWER: A
89. who reported the suspension cultures from carrot root explant?
A. Watson and Crick.
B. Steward and Shantz.
C. Benthaman and Hook.
D. Lederber and Tatum.
ANSWER: B
90. What is a cloning vector?
A. An agent used to transfer DNA from an in vitro solution into a living cell.
B. The sticky end of a DNA fragment.
C. The laboratory apparatus used to clone genes.
D. A DNA probe used to locate a particular gene in the genome.
ANSWER: A
91. What are the essential characteristics of a cloning vector?
A. Bacterial cells cannot survive without it.
B. Bacterial cells replicate it.
C. Bacterial cells take it up.
D. Both b and c.
ANSWER: A
92. Which bacteria are known as natural genetic engineer of plants?
A. Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
B. E.coli.
C. Bacillus sp.
D. Streptomyces sp.
ANSWER: A
93. Who coined the term plasmid?
A. Herbert Boyer.
B. Lederberg.
C. Stanley.
D. Benthem.
ANSWER: B
94. . In which type of culture the cell material grows in a finite volume of agitated liquid medium?
A. Batch.
B. Continuous.
C. Discontinuous.
D. Suspension.
ANSWER: A
95. The production of adventitious roots and shoots from cells of tissue culture is termed __________.
A. organogenesis.
B. micropropagation.
C. callus culture.
D. suspension culture.
ANSWER: A
96. The developmental pathway of numerous well organized small embryoids is called as _________.
A. organogenesis.
B. micropropagation.
C. somatic embryogenesis.
D. suspension culture.
ANSWER: C
97. The zygote embryo enclosed by protective coat developed from integument is __________.
A. artificial seeds.
B. embryo.
C. anther.
D. pollen.
ANSWER: A
98. Which one of the following is CORRECT regarding artificial seeds?
A. Establishment of callus culture.
B. Maturation of somatic embryos.
C. Encapsulation of somatic embryos.
D. All the above.
ANSWER: D
99. Artificial seeds help to study the role of ________.
A. endocarp.
B. endosperm.
C. pericarp.
D. mesocarp.
ANSWER: B
100. Embryo is used as explant for the _______ culture
A. embryo.
B. anther.
C. pollen.
D. callus.
ANSWER: A
101. Which type of culture technique is used for the development of anthers?
A. anther.
B. pollen.
C. callus.
D. embryo.
ANSWER: A
102. Pollen culture is otherwise known as ______ culture.
A. microspore.
B. macrospore.
C. angiospore.
D. apospore.
ANSWER: A
103. Which one of the following is used for the in vitro development of haploid plants?
A. Organogenesis.
B. Androgenesis.
C. Embryogenesis.
D. Micropropagation.
ANSWER: B
104. Microspore behaves like a zygote and undergoes change to form embryoid is known as _______.
A. direct androgenesis.
B. indirect androgenesis.
C. anther culture.
D. pollen culture.
ANSWER: A
105. Which one of the following is the ideal material for anther culture?
A. Tomato.
B. Potato.
C. Tobacco.
D. Soyabean.
ANSWER: C
106. Nurse culture technique is the method come under ______ culture.
A. pollen.
B. anther.
C. callus.
D. suspension.
ANSWER: A
107. _____ is a part of plant cell which lies within the cell wall and can be plasmolyed.
A. Chloroplast.
B. Tonoplast.
C. Cyanoplast.
D. Protoplast.
ANSWER: D
108. Who isolated protoplast mechnically?
A. Klercker.
B. Kuster.
C. Cocking.
D. Power.
ANSWER: A
109. Which one of the following is the importance of protoplast culture?
A. Study of plasmalemma.
B. wall formation.
C. IAA action.
D. All the above.
ANSWER: D
110. Protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization in plant are based on which the following?
A. Protoplast isolation.
B. Cell wall regeneration.
C. Fusion of nuclei.
D. All the above.
ANSWER: D
111. The process in which two or more adjoining somatic protoplasts fused without any inducer is called as _______
fusion.
A. spontaneous.
B. induced.
C. protoplast.
D. somatic cell.
ANSWER: A
112. Two or more adjoining somatic protoplasts fusing with any chemical is called as _______ fusion
A. spontaneous.
B. induced.
C. protoplast.
D. somatic cell.
ANSWER: B
113. Chemosfusion is done using _______
A. sodium nitrate.
B. calcium ions.
C. polyethylene glycol.
D. all the above.
ANSWER: D
114. ______ fusion is a physical phenomenon.
A. Spontaneous.
B. Induced.
C. Protoplast.
D. somatic cell.
ANSWER: C
115. Phenotypic changes are associated with ______ changes of an organism.
A. genetic.
B. physical.
C. chemical.
D. biological.
ANSWER: A
116. Plants derived form tissue culture has been referred as _______.
A. somaclones.
B. calliclones.
C. protoclones.
D. all the above.
ANSWER: D
117. _______ is the genetic variability regenerated during tissue culture.
A. Somoclonal variation.
B. Organogenesis.
C. Micropropagation.
D. Androgenesis.
ANSWER: A
118. Who analysed somaclonal variation in a large number of plants?
A. Larkin & Sharp.
B. Evans & Sharp.
C. Hein & Mee.
D. Stepar & Bidney.
ANSWER: B
119. Who postulated the existence of genetic elements which transpose from one location in the genome to another?
A. Larkin.
B. Evans.
C. Barbara Mcclintock.
D. Bidney.
ANSWER: C
120. Which one of the following serves as a marker for mapping a specified gene in RFLP?
A. DNA.
B. rRNA.
C. tRNA.
D. mRNA.
ANSWER: A
121. A variant in sequence that is present in at least 1% of a population is called a (an) _______.
A. gene.
B. allele.
C. autosome.
D. Polymorphism.
ANSWER: D
122. Which of the following statements is true regarding genomes?
A. Humans and chimpanzees share about 50% of their DNA sequences.
B. Two members of different races may have more genes in common than two members of the same race.
C. The more different DNA sequences of two species are to one another, the more recently two species diverged
from a single ancestor.
D. All of the above are true regarding genomes.
ANSWER: C
123. A gene may have many alleles, but each individual has only two alleles because _______.
A. having more than two alleles is lethal.
B. having more than two alleles unbalances the chromosomes.
C. a person has two parents, each will contribute one allele.
D. a backup set of alleles is necessary in case something.
ANSWER: C
124. A transgenic organism has _______.
A. genes that other organisms do not.
B. genes from different species.
C. a dominant phenotype.
D. had its genome sequenced.
ANSWER: B
125. Chromosome tips, or ____, function as a cellular clock that ticks down as pieces are lost from the very ends.
A. chromatids.
B. centromeres.
C. centrioles.
D. telomeres.
ANSWER: D
126. What is the meaning of "+" or "-" in the name of the cloning vector pBluescript SK (+/-)?
A. Describes whether sense or antisense transcripts will be produced from the T7 promoter.
B. Describes the orientation of the multiple cloning site.
C. Means two different quality control methods applied to the product.
D. Describes the orientation of the f1 phage ori.
ANSWER: D
127. Somatic embryogenesis is_______.
A. germ line cells developing into embryos.
B. non-germ line cells developing into embryos.
C. embryos developing from zygotes.
D. embryonic tissue becoming somatic.
ANSWER: B
128. What is a chimeraplast?
A. An RNA/DNA hybrid oligonucleotide.
B. A fusion product of protoplasts from different species.
C. A transformed plastid carrying a transgene.
D. A product of 1st strand cDNA synthesis.
ANSWER: A
129. What is essential for T-DNA transfer?
A. Inverted repeat border sequences.
B. Palindromic border sequences.
C. Direct repeat border sequences.
D. An AtuI restriction site at the border sequence.
ANSWER: C
130. What are the precursors for the synthesis of nopalines?
A. Phosphoenolpyruvate + amino acid.
B. Pyruvate + amino acid.
C. Alpha-Ketoglutarate + amino acid.
D. Oxalate + amino acid.
ANSWER: C
131. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding transposons?
A. They are sequences of mRNA that can move around in the genome.
B. They exist in corn, but are not found in the human genome.
C. They are the most abundant type of repeat in the genome.
D. All the above.
ANSWER: D
132. The use or alteration of cells or biochemicals to provide a useful product describes _______.
A. recombinant DNA technology.
B. transgenic technology.
C. biotechnology.
D. gene targeting.
ANSWER: C
133. Manufacturing recombinant DNA molecules involves cutting a gene from its normal location, inserting it into a
circular piece of DNA from a bacterial cell, and then transferring the circle of DNA to cells of another species. Which
of the below describe the circular piece of DNA from a bacterial cell?
A. Restriction enzyme.
B. Plasmid.
C. Bacteriophage.
D. Vector.
ANSWER: B
134. Which gene transfer technique involves a tiny needle which is used to inject DNA into a cell lacking that DNA
sequence?
A. Electroporation.
B. Liposome transfer.
C. Microinjection.
D. Particle bombardment.
ANSWER: C
135. The process of ____ involves the introduction of a gene into a cell where it exchanges places with its counterpart
in the host cell.
A. transgenic technology.
B. gene targeting.
C. knockout technology.
D. recombinant DNA technology.
ANSWER: B
136. Which gene transfer technique involves the use of a fatty bubble to carry a gene into a somatic cell?
A. Electroporation.
B. Liposome transfer.
C. Microinjection.
D. Particle bombardment.
ANSWER: B
137. _____ house are required to grow regenerated plants for further propagation.
A. Green.
B. Blue.
C. Red.
D. White.
ANSWER: A
138. RAPD is a molecular marker based on _____ amplification.
A. RFLP.
B. PCR.
C. AFLP.
D. SSR.
ANSWER: B
139. _______ marker is a DNA sequence in the genome which can be located and identified.
A. Molecular.
B. Genetic.
C. Biochemical.
D. Physical.
ANSWER: A
140. Which type of compound is the glycine betaine?
A. Aluminium.
B. Calcium.
C. Phosphorous.
D. Ammonium.
ANSWER: D
141. Which one of the following is the broad spectrum herbicide?
A. Glyphosate.
B. Sulfonyl urea.
C. Phosphinothricin.
D. Imidazoliinones.
ANSWER: C
142. Glyphosate is a derivative of which amino acid?
A. Alanine.
B. Serine.
C. Valine.
D. Glycine.
ANSWER: D
143. Which one of the following is used mainly as a carbon source in PTC?
A. Sucrose.
B. Mannose.
C. Glucose.
D. Lactose.
ANSWER: A
144. Name the chemical compound produced by the plants.
A. Cytochemicals.
B. Histochemicals.
C. Phytochemicals.
D. Secondary metabolites.
ANSWER: C
145. The plating technique for cloning of single cells was given by Bergmann in ______.
A. 1960.
B. 1970.
C. 1980.
D. 1990.
ANSWER: A
146. Evan's blue dye stains the ______ cells.
A. dead.
B. live.
C. dividing.
D. expanding.
ANSWER: A
147. Which one of the following inhibits the spindle formation during the metaphase stage of cell division?
A. Hydroxyurea.
B. 5-fluorodeoxypurin.
C. Colchicine.
D. 5-aminouracil.
ANSWER: C
148. Asynchronous refers to the cultured plant cells vary greatly in _______.
A. size.
B. shape.
C. cell cycle.
D. all the above.
ANSWER: D
149. Which one of the following auxins inhibits the production of certain secondary metabolites?
A. IAA.
B. 2, 4-D.
C. NAA.
D. Kinetin.
ANSWER: A
150. _______ acts as gelling agents used in Plant Tissue Culture
A. Gelatin.
B. Agar.
C. Biogel.
D. All the above.
ANSWER: D
151. Plant growth regulators influence growth, metabolism and ________ of cultured cells.
A. differentiation.
B. elongation.
C. enlargement.
D. duplication.
ANSWER: A
152. The optimal pH of most of the tissue cultures is in the range of
A. 2-3.
B. 3-4.
C. 4-5.
D. 5-6.
ANSWER: D
153. _______ is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species.
A. Genetically modified crops.
B. GMCs.
C. biotech crops.
D. all the above.
ANSWER: D
154. Which one of the following process is used for the fusion of a normal protoplast with an enucleated protoplast?
A. Cybridization.
B. rDNA technology.
C. Transgenesis.
D. Hybridization.
ANSWER: A
155. Cytoplasmic hybrids refer to________.
A. cytoplast.
B. chloroplast.
C. tonoplast.
D. protoplast.
ANSWER: A
156. The source of cellulolysin is _______.
A. Trichoderma viride.
B. Irpex lactus.
C. Aspergillus species.
D. Rhizopus species.
ANSWER: A
157. The source of Helicase is _______.
A. Trichoderma viride.
B. Irpex lactus.
C. Helix pomatia.
D. Rhizopus species.
ANSWER: C
158. The source of Zymolyase is _______.
A. Trichoderma viride.
B. Arthrobacter luteus.
C. Helix pomatia.
D. Rhizopus species.
ANSWER: B
159. FDA stands for _______.
A. Fluorescein diacetate.
B. Federal diacetate.
C. Fluorescein diacetate assay.
D. Federal Development Assay.
ANSWER: A
160. The dead protoplasts are selectively taken up ________ stain.
A. fluorescein.
B. trypan blue.
C. phenosafranine.
D. evans blue.
ANSWER: C
161. The newly formed cell walls stain ___________.
A. fluorescein.
B. calcofluor white.
C. phenosafranine.
D. evans blue.
ANSWER: B
162. During the enzymatic degradation of cell walls, some of the adjoining protoplasts may fuse to form _______.
A. homokaryocytes.
B. heterkaryocytes.
C. eukaryocytes.
D. haploid.
ANSWER: A
163. ______ plants can be developed from ovary culture
A. Diploid.
B. Haploid.
C. Monocot.
D. Dicot.
ANSWER: B
164. Liquid nitrogen is used as a cryoprotectant at _____ degree celsius.
A. -196.
B. -150.
C. -80.
D. -79.
ANSWER: A
165. Solid carbondioxide is used as a cryoprotectant at _____ degree celsius.
A. -196.
B. -150.
C. -80.
D. -79.
ANSWER: D
166. Deep freezers are used as a cryoprotectant at _____ degree celsius.
A. -196.
B. -150.
C. -80.
D. -79.
ANSWER: C
167. Vapour phase nitrogen is used as a cryoprotectant at _____degree celsius.
A. -196.
B. -150.
C. -80.
D. -79.
ANSWER: B
168. . Slow freezing method of cryopreservation is done at _____ C/min.
A. 0.5-5.0.
B. b. 0.4-5.0.
C. 0.3-5.0.
D. 0.2-5.0.
ANSWER: A
169. Rapid freezing method of cryopreservation is done at _____ C/min.
A. -100 to -1000.
B. -200 to -1000.
C. -300 to -1000.
D. -400 to -1000.
ANSWER: C
170. Which one of the following is used as cryoprotectants?
A. DMSO.
B. Glycerol.
C. Ethylene.
D. All the above.
ANSWER: D
171. The transfer of desirable genes from one plant species to another is called as ___________ technology.
A. rDNA .
B. transgenic.
C. plant genetic transformation.
D. plant transformation.
ANSWER: C
172. What is the length of Ti plasmid?
A. 20kb.
B. 200kb.
C. 2kb.
D. 2000kb.
ANSWER: B
173. Which one of the following technique is mostly confined to protoplasts that can be regenerated to viable plants?
A. Electroporation.
B. Biolistic method.
C. Microinjection.
D. Silicon carbide fibres.
ANSWER: A
174. Opines are _______.
A. aminoacids.
B. lipids.
C. proteins.
D. nucleic acids.
ANSWER: A
175. T-DNA borders are a set of _____ kb sequences present on either side of TDNA.
A. 25.
B. 23.
C. 24.
D. 22.
ANSWER: C
176. Which of the following region codes for proteins involved in the uptake and metabolism of opines in Ti plasmids?
A. Promoter.
B. Vir region.
C. Marker region.
D. Opine catabolism region.
ANSWER: D
177. Which one of the following plants have been developed for expressing antigens derived from animal viruses?
A. Tomato.
B. Tobaco.
C. Potato.
D. Corn.
ANSWER: A
178. The first clinical trials in humans, using a plant derived vaccine were conducted in _____.
A. 1987.
B. 1997.
C. 1977.
D. 1967.
ANSWER: B
179. The ingestion of transgenic potatoes is done by a toxin of _______.
A. E.coli.
B. Streptococcus sp.
C. Staphylococcus sp.
D. Bacillus sp.
ANSWER: A
180. The phenomenon of mature cells reverting to meristematic state to produce callus is _______.
A. dedifferentiation.
B. differentiation.
C. redifferentiation.
D. totipotency.
ANSWER: A
181. DNA is _______.
A. usually present in tissue as a nucleoprotein.
B. a long chain polymer in which the internucleotide linkages are of the diester type between C-3 and C-5.
C. different from RNA.
D. hydrolyzed by weak alkali.
ANSWER: B
182. Nu body is a name given to _______.
A. ribosome.
B. microsome.
C. nucleosome.
D. centrosome.
ANSWER: C
183. The ability of the callus cells to differentiate into a plant organ is called as _______.
A. dedifferentiation.
B. differentiation.
C. redifferentiation.
D. totipotency.
ANSWER: C
184. Who is regarded as the Father of PTC?
A. Gottlieb Haberlandt.
B. Watson.
C. Barbara.
D. Crick.
ANSWER: A
185. Callus formation is more at a temperature range of ______degree celsius.
A. 22-26.
B. 22-28.
C. 22-27.
D. 22-26.
ANSWER: B
186. The enzyme that can release the individual cells from the leaf tissues is ______.
A. macerozyme.
B. lysozyme.
C. zymogen.
D. chymotrypsin.
ANSWER: A
187. Addition of fresh nutrient medium and draining out the used medium is _________ culture
A. batch.
B. continuous.
C. discontinuous.
D. open continuous.
ANSWER: B
188. The cells are retained while the inflow of fresh medium is balanced with the outflow of corresponding spent
medium. This occurs in _____ continuous cultures.
A. open.
B. closed.
C. batch.
D. discontinuous.
ANSWER: B
189. The mitochondrial DNA is _______.
A. like the nuclear DNA.
B. ss, linear.
C. ds, circular.
D. ss, circular.
ANSWER: C
190. Lepidoptera refers to _______.
A. bollworms.
B. beetles.
C. grosshopper.
D. aphids.
ANSWER: A
191. Lac operon of E. coli contains _________ genes in continuity
A. regulator and operator.
B. operator and structural.
C. regulator and structural.
D. regulator, operator and structural.
ANSWER: D
192. Coleoptera refers to _______.
A. bollworms.
B. beetles.
C. grosshopper.
D. aphids.
ANSWER: B
193. Orthoptera refers to _______.
A. bollworms.
B. beetles.
C. grosshopper.
D. aphids.
ANSWER: C
194. Homoptera refers to _______.
A. bollworms.
B. beetles.
C. grosshopper.
D. aphids.
ANSWER: D
195. Lectins are plant ______ proteins
A. homo.
B. glyco.
C. hetero.
D. muco.
ANSWER: B
196. The expression of genes is made possible by the presence of _______.
A. promoters.
B. terminators.
C. suppressors.
D. inhibitors.
ANSWER: A
197. Virus infections of crops that result in retarded cell division are referred as _______.
A. hyperplasia.
B. hypoplasia.
C. necrosis.
D. plasia.
ANSWER: B
198. Virus infections of crops that result in excessive cell division are referred as _______.
A. hyperplasia.
B. hypoplasia.
C. necrosis.
D. plasia.
ANSWER: A
199. Virus infections of crops resulting in cell division are referred as _______.
A. hyperplasia.
B. hypoplasia.
C. necrosis.
D. plasia.
ANSWER: C
200. PTGS stands for _______ Gene Silencing
A. Post Transcriptional.
B. Post Translational.
C. Post Transformal.
D. Post Transfected.
ANSWER: A
201. Increased genetic diversity following extended time in a tissue culture is a problem called by _______.
A. gene alteration.
B. temporal modification.
C. somaclonal variation.
D. culture shock.
ANSWER: C
202. A mass of dividing, undifferentiated cells in a plant tissue culture is called a/an _______.
A. shield.
B. callus.
C. embryoid.
D. aggregate.
ANSWER: B
203. Approximately ___________% of the world's production of fats and oils comes from plants
A. 15.
B. 25.
C. 45.
D. 75.
ANSWER: D
204. Electroporation is a technique used with _______.
A. calluses.
B. pollen.
C. protoplasts.
D. organs.
ANSWER: C
205. To produce plants that are homozygous for all traits, the best choice is ______ culture.
A. anther / pollen.
B. callus.
C. cell suspension.
D. plant organ.
ANSWER: A
206. Chloroplast DNA is _______.
A. coded by the nucleus.
B. separate from nuclear DNA.
C. paternally inherited.
D. a subset of nuclear DNA.
ANSWER: B
207. A cell suspension culture requires _______.
A. organogenesis.
B. electroporation.
C. differentiation.
D. disaggregation.
ANSWER: D
208. Most crops grown in the United States yield less than _______________ % of their genetic potential.
A. 10.
B. 20.
C. 50.
D. 60.
ANSWER: C
209. If you want to use a plant tissue culture as a chemical factory for vitamins, choose ______ cultures
A. suspension.
B. callus.
C. organ.
D. Anther pollen.
ANSWER: A
210. The function of "low-copy-number DNA" is encoding ____________.
A. rRNA.
B. most genes.
C. a single gene.
D. tRNA.
ANSWER: B
211. The fastest way to ripe a tomato using tissue culture is by _________ culture.
A. anther / pollen.
B. protoplast.
C. plant organ.
D. callus.
ANSWER: C
212. A characteristic feature of the chloroplast genome is the presence of two _______.
A. simple tandem arrays.
B. repeat / repeat interspersions.
C. compound tandem arrays.
D. identical inverted repeats.
ANSWER: D
213. Tools to detect polymorphism in plants are _______________ maps.
A. RFLP, AFLP.
B. AFLP, PCR.
C. PCR, QTL.
D. RFLP, QTL.
ANSWER: A
214. A plant useful in the study of plant genomes because of its small genome size is _______.
A. Avena sativa
B. Petunia porodii.
C. Tulipa sp.
D. Arabidopsis thaliana
ANSWER: D
215. Sequencing efforts are underway for _______________ as a model for a small monocot genome.
A. rice
B. corn.
C. barley.
D. wheat.
ANSWER: A
216. Most plant tissue cultures are initiated from _______.
A. callus
B. explants
C. plantlets.
D. protoplasts.
ANSWER: B
217. Pores in protoplasts may be opened to DNA by the application of _______.
A. magnetism.
B. light.
C. enzymes.
D. electricity.
ANSWER: D
218. A large inversion of chloroplast DNA is found in the ________ family
A. castor bean.
B. sunflower.
C. oats.
D. Arabidopsis.
ANSWER: B
219. The function of "medium -copy - number DNA" is encoding _______.
A. most genes.
B. tRNA.
C. a single gene.
D. rRNA.
ANSWER: D
220. High copy number of DNA in plants _______.
A. have no known function.
B. codes for proteins required for plant metabolism.
C. are called transposable elements.
D. codes for rRNA.
ANSWER: A
221. DNA in chloroplasts _______.
A. is less complex and less diverse than the nuclear DNA in plants.
B. has many prokaryotic features.
C. is not subject to modifications caused by transposable elements.
D. all the above.
ANSWER: D
222. The genome sequencing of rice is important because _______.
A. the rice genome is very unique and contains genes not found in other plants.
B. the rice genome is very large compared to the DNA of other grains and so more genes will be identified.
C. it can identify genes associated with disease resistance, growth capacity, etc.
D. it has a rapid life cycle and has many identifiable mutations.
ANSWER: C
223. Unlike the somatic cells of animals, plant cells can be grown in tissue culture and regenerate new plants because
_______.
A. plant cells are able to express genes that weren't previously expressed.
B. plant cells can dedifferentiate and revert back to seeds.
C. each cell contains the entire genome.
D. both a and b.
ANSWER: A
224. Which of the following are mismatched?
A. cell suspension culture-somatic cell embryogenesis.
B. protoplast isolation-hybrids.
C. homozygous plants-anther/pollen culture.
D. callus culture-differentiated tissues regenerate.
ANSWER: D
225. Plant transformation is _______.
A. plant grown in culture generates increased genetic variation.
B. plant cells in suspension cultures form individual embryos that can grow into plants.
C. the incorporation of foreign DNA into the plant genome.
D. dedifferentiated callus cells develop into tissue that is different from the original source tissue.
ANSWER: C
226. Cucumbers, squashes, and beans are _______.
A. monocots.
B. dicots.
C. multicots.
D. ferns.
ANSWER: B
227. Rice, corn, and wheat are _______.
A. monocots.
B. dicots.
C. multicots.
D. ferns.
ANSWER: C
228. Which one of the technique is used to introduce genes into dicots?
A. Electroporation.
B. Particle bombardment.
C. Microinjection.
D. Ti plasmid infection.
ANSWER: D
229. Which cell-based plant technology involves the combining of two cells without cell walls from different species?
A. Clonal propagation.
B. Cybridization.
C. Protoplast fusion.
D. Mutant selection.
ANSWER: C
230. If the goal were to create a plant resistant to an insecticide, which cell-based plant technology would be most
effective?
A. Clonal propagation.
B. Cybridization.
C. Protoplast fusion.
D. Mutant selection.
ANSWER: D
231. The delayed ripening tomato was created by a biotechnology technique that has____ a gene
A. altered.
B. silenced.
C. replaced.
D. relocated.
ANSWER: B
232. Two genes from a bacterium (Alcaligenes eutrophus) and a cotton gene produce _______.
A. plastic.
B. vaccine against the bacterium.
C. pharmaceutical product.
D. herbicide resistance.
ANSWER: A
233. Which cell-based technology endows a cell with increased ability to harness energy?
A. Cybridization.
B. Hybridization.
C. Mibridization.
D. Protoplast fusion.
ANSWER: A
234. Assume that you are the president of a plant biotechnology company and you want to offer your customers a new
variety of cucumber that tastes great, lasts longer on the shelf, and is less susceptible to insect damage. Which method
will be the most recise and produce plants with the desired characteristics quicker?
A. Traditional plant breeding.
B. Neither, the president wants too much.
C. Genetic modification through genetic engineering.
D. Neither, research efforts have not focused on creating organisms with specific.
ANSWER: C
235. A researcher identifies naturally occurring variant possessing characteristics of interest. This plant is selectively
bred. This is an example of _______.
A. traditional plant breeding.
B. transgenic technology.
C. mutant selection.
D. none of the above.
ANSWER: A
236. In plant Tissue Culture, Antisense technology _______.
A. alters or transfers cells.
B. combines genetic material from different species.
C. combines organelles and cells.
D. selectively blocks expression of a gene.
ANSWER: D
237. The first field tests were of what genetically altered organism?
A. bt corn.
B. Vaccinia virus containing a gene from the rabies virus.
C. Strawberry seedlings sprayed with "ice-minus" bacteria.
D. The "flavrsavr" tomato.
ANSWER: C
238. In a ____________ protocol, bacteria with engineered abilities to detoxify pollutants are intentionally released in
an area.
A. microcosm establishment.
B. bioremediation.
C. mibridization.
D. rhizosecretion.
ANSWER: B
239. Which of the following dies from Ti plasmid infection?
A. Rice.
B. Corn.
C. Sorghum.
D. All the above.
ANSWER: D
240. Which of the agricultural challenges below cannot be solved with transgenic techniques?
A. Public preference for organic vegetables.
B. Crops are killed by a virus.
C. Public concern about safety of synthetic pesticides.
D. Crops are damaged by frost.
ANSWER: A
241. Transplastomics _______.
A. produces genes that are released in pollen.
B. provides exceptionally low yiels of protein products.
C. targets genes in the chloroplast.
D. offers little opportunity for practical use.
ANSWER: C
242. The roots of a plant are converted into drug-producing structures in a process called _______.
A. microcosm establishment.
B. mibridization.
C. bioremediation.
D. rhizosecretion.
ANSWER: D
243. Using biotechnology to increase the use of insecticides will NOT encourage the persistence of pests that are
resistant to the chemicals
A. True.
B. False.
C. No basis for judgment.
D. b and c are correct.
ANSWER: B
244. Plants derived sexually from the same plant are _________ while those derived from somatic tissue from the
same plant are _________.
A. identical, different.
B. different, also different.
C. different, identical.
D. plants cannot be derived from somatic tissue.
ANSWER: C
245. Asynchronous refers to cultured cells vary in _______.
A. size.
B. shape.
C. cell cycle.
D. all the above.
ANSWER: D
246. In organogenesis low auxin and cytokinin promotes the formation of _______.
A. callus.
B. shoot.
C. root.
D. shoot and root.
ANSWER: A
247. Haploid cultures occur through anther or pollen culture is called as _______.
A. gynogenesis.
B. androgenesis.
C. organogenesis.
D. hybridization.
ANSWER: B
248. Plant cells without the cell wall are called as _______.
A. cybrid.
B. hybrid.
C. protoplast.
D. cytoplast.
ANSWER: C
249. The applications of GM crop includes____________ .
A. improved shelf life.
B. improved nutrition.
C. stress resistance.
D. all the above.
ANSWER: D
250. ____________include resistance to certain pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, or
resistance to chemical treatments.
A. GMOs.
B. GM crops.
C. biotech crops.
D. all the above.
ANSWER: A
Staff Name
Shanmugapriya K.