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AGE OF EXPLORATION Squash Avocado Peppers Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Cocoa Pineapple Peanut TOMATO Syphilis Vanilla Sweet Potatoes POTATO MAIZE Liquor GUNS Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Whooping Cough WHY???? • Renaissance Spirit * new curiosity * desire for individual fame and Glory Other reasons… • Inspiration from Marco polo • Spices $$$ - Demand exceeded Supply - try to find new routes To the East • Conquer muslims and Spread Christianity (since the crusades) – sacred duty • New technology - caravel, astrolabe, compass What is this Technology about? • CARAVEL – ship with triangular sail for tacking into wind and square sails for running before the wind and hull could survive storms at sea • ASTROLABE – captains used these to look at the stars and tell their distance from the equator • COMPASS – indicated direction Who kicked off this thirst for exploration? *the Portuguese - Prince Henry devoted time and $$$ to Educating and sending out explorers - Wanted new lands, gold, and mysterious Christian kingdom - set up trading posts on West coast of Africa - successful Squash Avocado Peppers Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Cocoa Pineapple Peanut TOMATO Syphilis Vanilla Sweet Potatoes POTATO MAIZE Liquor GUNS Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Whooping Cough SOON, explorers from many countries set out to find new routes to the EAST INDIES and did not always find what they were expecting. We will focus on those sent by Portugal, Spain, France, and England. Who are the famous explorers that would follow? Bartholomeu Dias • • • • • Who? Dias When? 1488 From Where? Portugal Sent by Whom? King John II of Portugal What? Got to southern tip of Africa Vasco da Gama • • • • Who? Da Gama When? 1497 From Where? Portugal Sent by Whom? King Emmanuel IIPortugal • What? Found direct sea route to exotic India by rounding Cape of Good Hope Christopher Columbus • • • • Who? Christopher Columbus When? 1492 From Where? Italy Sent by Whom? King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain • What? Tried to find quicker, western route to India, BUT he found the Caribbean What is the real importance of Columbus’ expeditions? • His voyages encouraged others to sail westward, and eventually people realized this wasn’t India, but a new continent… Amerigo Vespucci • • • • • Who? Vespucci When? 1499 and 1501 From Where? Italy Sent by Whom? King Ferdinand of Spain What? Reached Brazilrealized it wasn’t part of Asia->inspired a mapmaker to draw a new map including “America” Vasco Nunez de Balboa • • • • • Who? De Balboa When? 1513 From Where? Spain Sent by Whom? The Spanish What? Reached the Pacific Ocean by going through Panama Pedro Alvares Cabral • • • • • Who? Cabral When? 1500 From Where? Portugal Sent by Whom? King Manuel I of Portugal What? Responsible for the name of the Portuguese colony, Brazil Ferdinand Magellan • • • • • Who? Magellan When? 1519 to 1522 From Where? Portugal Sent by Whom? King Charles I of Spain What? His crew made it all the way around the world by sailing around S. America and Africa and showed the world was bigger than expected Giovanni de Verrazano • • • • • Who? Verrazano When? 1524 From Where? Italy Sent by Whom? King Francis I of France What? Discovered today’s New York Harbor Jacques Cartier • • • • • Who? Cartier When? 1534 From Where? France Sent by Whom? King Francis I of France What? Discovered a broad river that he named St. Lawrence. While sailing up this river he founded present day Montreal Samuel de Champlain • • • • • Who? Champlain When? 1608 From Where? France Sent by Whom? The French What? Founded Quebec. Leads to the cooperation with NativesFur trade gives profits to the French Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette • • • • • Who? Joliet and Marquette When? 1673 From Where? France Sent by Whom? The French What? Learned about a “great river” from Native Americans. Set out to discover the Mississippi river. Robert LaSalle • • • • • WHO? La Salle WHEN? 1682 FROM WHERE? France SENT BY WHOM? The French WHAT? LaSalle sails down the river and claims the entire southern region for France-Louisiana John Cabot • • • • Who? Cabot When? 1497 From Where? Italy Sent by Whom? King Henry VII of England • What? First English claim in North America. Sir Walter Raleigh ? • • • • • Who? Raleigh When? 1585 From Where? England Sent by Whom? Queen Elizabeth I of England What? Organized an expedition that landed on Roanoke, off the coast of present-day North Carolina. When food was scarce, settlers move back to England Francis Drake • Who? Drake • When? 1577 • From Where? England • Sent by Whom? Queen Elizabeth I of England • What? First Englishman who sailed around the world Henry Hudson • • • • • Who? Hudson When? 1609 From Where? England Sent by Whom? England What? Tried to find a northwest passage, he sails up the river (now named for him) and discovers the richest fur-bearing region south of Canada The End
