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Parts of Speech
Nouns
• Definition: a word that names a
person, place, or thing
• Common Noun – a generalized noun
(NOT capitalized)
– Ex: school, bus, teacher, store, car,
animal
• Proper Noun – a specific and
individualized noun (Capitalized)
– Ex: Ms. Dyciewski; Pryor Middle School
Pronouns
• Definition: a word that takes the
place of a noun
• Subjective Pronouns: the subject of a
sentence
• Example: She is in school today.
Singular
Plural
First person
I
we
Second person
you
you
Third person
he, she, it
they
Pronouns
• Objective Pronouns:
• Examples:
– Joe understands me.
– Sally bought us a present.
Singular
Plural
First person
me
us
Second person
you
you
Third person
him, her, it
them
Pronouns
• Reflexive Pronouns: refers back to a
noun or pronoun used earlier in a
sentence
• Example: Perry found himself alone in
the room.
Singular
Plural
First person
myself
ourselves
Second person
yourself
yourselves
Third person
himself, herself,
itself
themselves
Pronouns (continued)
• Possessive Pronouns: shows
possession of a noun
Singular
Plural
mine
ours
yours
yours
his, hers, its
theirs
my
our
your
your
his, her, its
their
Pronouns (continued)
• Indefinite Pronouns: used to take the
place of the noun which cannot be
specifically named
Any
Anyone
Some
Someone
Every
Everyone
No
No one
Anybody
Somebody Everybody
Nobody
Anything
Something Everything
Nothing
Pronouns (continued)
• Demonstrative Pronouns: used to
point out a specific noun
This
That
This is a
dirty car.
That is a
dirty car.
These
Those
These are Those are
dirty cars. dirty cars.
Pronouns (continued)
• Reciprocal Pronouns:
– “each other” – meaning two
– “one another” – meaning more than two
• Examples:
– Nate and Sheena get on each other’s
nerves.
– In our family, we have learned to put up
with one another’s bad habits.
Pronouns (continued)
• Interrogative pronouns: begins a
question
– “Who”
– “What”
- “Whom”
- “Whose”
- “Which”
• Examples:
– What is the name of this object?
– Which is the painting you just bought?
– Whose is this?
Pronouns (continued)
• Relative Pronouns:
– Who
– Whom
- Whomever
- Whose
- Which
- That
• Examples:
• The police officer who helped us was
extremely courteous.
• Do not trust a wild animal that has
been caged.
Verbs
• Definition: a word used to describe
an action, state, or occurrence
• Two Types:
1. Active Verb: the SUBJECT is
performing the action
• Example: Monique threw the ball.
2. Passive Verb: the subject is NOT
performing the action
• Example: The ball was thrown by Monique.
Verbs (continued)
• Action Verbs
– Transitive Verbs: are followed by an
object indicating WHO or WHAT receives
the action
• He kicked the ball.
• She waved her hat.
– Intransitive Verbs: are not followed by
the object
• He kicked.
• She waved.
Verbs (continued)
• State of Being Verbs
– “Be” verbs: am, is, are, was, were, being,
been
– Linking Verbs:
• Can be replaced by a form of be without
changing the meaning of the sentence
• Example:
– “They seemed happy”
» is similar to “They were happy”
– Leaves turn yellow, orange, and red in the fall.
» is similar to “Leaves are yellow, orange, and
red in the fall.”
– I become sleepy around midnight.
» is similar to “I am sleepy around midnight.”
Adjectives
• Definition: a word that modifies a noun
or a pronoun.
• An adjective usually answers the
questions:
1. Which one?
• Ex: I like my car.
• Ex: She wants that house.
2. How many?
• Ex: She drank three cups of tea.
3. What kind?
• Ex: They chose the red scarf.
Adverbs
• Definition: a word that modifies a verb, an
adjective, or another adverb.
• An adverb usually answers one of three
questions:
1. How? / In what manner? / Under what
condition?
• She walked quickly.
• They talked quietly.
• HINT: many adverbs in this category end in “-ly”
2. When?
• She walked yesterday.
3. Where?
• She walked here.