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Vietnam War & the SALT Treaty
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The Vietnam War & SALT Treaty
Study Guide
Who became president in 1961?
Who said the United States would “pay any price,
bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any
friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the
survival and the success of liberty”?
Who said, "Ask not what your country can do for
you, ask what you can do for your country?”
What made foreign policy a major issue in every
presidential election between 1948 and 1992?
How did heavy military expenditures throughout the
Cold War affect Virginia’s economy?
What two areas of Virginia were especially helped
by national defense spending during the Cold War?
Explain why this was true.
7. What Cold War policy resulted in American
involvement in Vietnam?
8. After World War II, from what country did
Vietnamese nationalists fight for independence?
9. Who was the leader of the Vietnamese independence
movement?
10. What type of government did Ho Chi Minh want an
independent Vietnam to have?
11. Why did the United States support France’s attempt
to keep Indochina as a colony after World War II?
12. What action did France take after its army was
defeated by Ho Chi Minh’s forces?
13. What happened to Vietnam after France’s
withdrawal from Indochina?
14. Why were reunification elections that had been
scheduled for the mid-fifties cancelled?
15. What did the communist government of North
Vietnam attempt to install in South Vietnam during
the fifties and early sixties?
16. Who were the Vietcong?
17. What was the National Liberation Front?
18. What action did the Eisenhower administration take
to counter North Vietnam’s efforts to take over
South Vietnam?
19. Under what president did the American military
buildup in Vietnam begin?
Vietnam War & SALT Treaty
Answers
1. John F. Kennedy
2. John F. Kennedy
3. John F. Kennedy
4. the Cold War
5. benefited Virginia’s economy proportionately more
than the economy of any other state
6. Hampton Roads because of large naval, army, and air
force bases, as well as Newport News Shipyard; Northern
Virginia because of the Pentagon, military bases, and
private defense contractors
7. containment
8. France
9. Ho Chi Minh
10. communist
11. because Ho Chi Minh was a communist
12. France withdrew from Indochina
13. Vietnam was divided into communist North Vietnam
and non-communist South Vietnam
14. the Eisenhower administration feared Ho Chi Minh
would win and all of Vietnam would become communist
15. a communist government
16. South Vietnamese communists who wanted to reunify
all of Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh; southern
revolutionaries who formed the National Liberation Front
17. the official name of the Vietcong
18. sent large amounts of economic and military aid to
South Vietnam
19. John F. Kennedy
20. What happened to President Kennedy in 1963?
21. Who succeeded John F. Kennedy as president?
22. What action did President Johnson take in Vietnam
in 1965?
23. How many American troops were stationed in
Vietnam by 1968?
24. What did it mean for the United States to fight a
“limited war” in Vietnam?
25. What policy was the United States following in
South Vietnam?
26. Why did the United States fight a “limited war” in
Vietnam?
27. What was the position of the American people on
the Vietnam War by 1968?
28. What was the center of active opposition to
American involvement in the Vietnam War?
29. Who won the 1968 presidential election?
30. During the 1968 presidential campaign, what pledge
did Richard Nixon make regarding the Vietnam
War?
31. What policy did President Nixon institute (start) in
Vietnam?
32. Define “Vietnamization.”
20. Kennedy was assassinated
21. Lyndon B. Johnson
22. escalated or increased the American military buildup
in Vietnam
23. more than 500,000
24. “limited war” = avoid any military action which might
widen the war to include the Soviet Union or communist
China
25. containment
26. to avoid either a nuclear war or a third world war
27. divided: many Americans supported the war, while
many others opposed the war
28. College campuses
29. Richard Nixon
30. to bring the Vietnam War to an honorable end; “peace
with honor”
31. “Vietnamization”
32. “Vietnamization” = the Nixon administration’s policy
of building up South Vietnamese forces while gradually
withdrawing American troops
33. Did “Vietnamization” succeed or fail?
33. failed
34. What country supplied the North Vietnamese Army? 34. the Soviet Union
35. What political scandal caused President Nixon to
35. Watergate
resign as president in 1974?
36. Define Watergate.
36. Watergate scandal = the public exposure of a burglary
and its cover-up by the Nixon administration
37. Who succeeded Richard Nixon as president?
37. Gerald Ford after Richard Nixon was forced to resign
as president
38. North Vietnamese troops overran South Vietnam, and
38. What happened in Vietnam during Gerald Ford’s
both North and South Vietnam merged under communist
presidency?
rule
39. What did many Vietnam veterans face in the United 39. indifference or outright hostility
States when they returned home?
40. Compare the reception of Vietnam veterans with
40. World War II veterans returned to a grateful and
that of World War II veterans.
supportive nation, while Vietnam veterans often faced
indifference or outright hostility from Americans who had
opposed the war.
41. How has the treatment of Vietnam veterans changed 41. Vietnam veterans are now recognized and honored for
over time?
their service and sacrifices.
42. What did the Twenty-Sixth Amendment do?
42. lowered the minimum voting age from 21 to 18.
43. What did the Vietnam War demonstrate about the
power of American public opinion?
44. In what three ways did involvement in the Vietnam
War affect American society?
45. Who served as President Richard Nixon’s secretary
of state in 1972?
46. By 1972 what did President Nixon and Secretary of
State Kissinger realize regarding the relationship
between the Soviet Union and China?
47. During the early seventies, what policy did Nixon
and Kissinger initiate (start) towards the Soviet
Union and China?
48. What did the United States begin to establish with
communist China in 1972?
49. With what Chinese leader did President Nixon meet
in 1972?
50. What is China’s capital?
51. To what other communist country did President
Nixon travel in 1972?
52. Who was the leader of the Soviet Union?
53. What was the Soviet Union’s capital?
54. What treaty did the United States and the Soviet
Union sign in 1972?
55. Out of what talks did this treaty grow?
56. Define the SALT talks.
57. Why was the SALT treaty so important, in spite of
its many loopholes?
43. American public opinion could reverse foreign policy
or cause it to go in a different direction
44. 1) tested the democratic system to its limits, 2) left
scars on American society that still exist, 3) made many
Americans skeptical of future military and peacekeeping
interventions (sending in troops)
45. Henry Kissinger
46. instead of being strong allies, China and the Soviet
Union had become rivals for power
47. by talking with both the Soviet Union and China, the
U.S. hoped to play the two communist countries off
against each other
48. formal diplomatic relations
49. Mao Zedong
50. Beijing
51. the Soviet Union
52. Leonid Brezhnev
53. Moscow
54. the SALT Treaty
55. the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)
56. SALT talks = the Soviet-American discussions (1969)
to establish limits on the number of strategic nuclear
weapons held by both sides
57. The SALT Treaty was the first step toward ending the
nuclear arms race between the United States and the
Soviet Union.