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EBIO 1210: General Biology 1
Name ________________________
Exam 2
June 16, 2013
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1. When you eat an apple, what is the original source of the carbon (C) in the apple?
A) The carbon came from the soil as sugar, through the plant’s roots.
B) The carbon came from the soil as CO2, through the plant’s roots.
C) The carbon came from the air as CO2, through the plant’s leaves.
D) The carbon came from the air as O2, through the plant’s leaves.
E) The carbon came from the air as sugar, through the plant’s leaves.
2. Which of the following metabolic processes requires a net input of energy from some other process
(i.e. is energy-requiring)?
A) ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi
B) 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
C) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
D) starch → monosaccharides
E) sucrose → glucose + fructose
3. When ATP releases energy, it also releases an inorganic phosphate. What purpose does this serve (if
any) in the cell?
A) It can enter the nucleus to affect gene expression.
B) It is released as an excretory waste.
C) Its only use is to regenerate more ATP.
D) It can be added to water and excreted as a liquid.
E) It can be added to other molecules in order to activate them.
4. When a vesicle is moved from the ER to the Golgi by a motor protein, ATP is used for:
A) transportation work
B) mechanical work
C) osmosis work
D) chemical work
E) no ATP is required
5. When a protein is broken into its amino acid monomers,
A) Entropy increases and net energy is released
B) Entropy increases and net energy is used
C) Entropy decreases and net energy is released
D) Entropy decreases and net energy is used
E) There is no net change in entropy or energy
6. Plants Respire.
A) True
B) False
7. ATP is not used for energy storage because:
A) It has less energy than a fat molecule
B) It has less energy than a glucose molecule
C) It is not reactive enough
D) It is too unstable
E) It is too small
8. Which of the following is NOT a type of work that ATP does in cells?
A) Transport work
B) Osmosis work
C) Chemical work
D) Mechanical work
9. Nature’s tendency is to move toward a state of
A) Lower entropy, which means more disorder
B) Lower entropy, which means less disorder
C) Higher entropy, which means more disorder
D) Higher entropy, which means less disorder
E) Balance, somewhere between order and disorder
10. What provides the energy for the Na+/glucose cotransporter?
A) No energy is needed.
B) the Na+ gradient
C) ATP as a direct energy source
D) ATP as an indirect energy source
E) B and D
11. In general, why is the food chain “leaky” when it comes to energy transfer during trophic
interactions (when one organism consumes another)?
A) energy is lost via heat, movement, etc.
B) insufficient digestion
C) an inefficient electron transport chain
D) it is not “leaky”, almost all of the solar energy that went into the grass the cow ate makes it to my
steak
E) all of the above
12. Which of the following statements does NOT describe NAD+?
A) NAD+ accepts electrons to become NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
B) NAD+ has less chemical energy than NADH.
C) NAD+ is produced after losing its electrons during by oxidative phosphorylation.
D) NAD+ receives electrons from water.
E) Glycolysis requires NAD+.
13. Predict how glucose moves into intestinal cells from the gut when glucose concentration is higher
in the gut than in the intestinal cells after a meal:
A) through facilitated diffusion
B) directly through the lipid bilayer
C) through the ATP-fueled Na+/K+ pump
D) via Na+-glucose cotransport fueled by the Na+/K+ pump
14. What takes place in the cytosol?
A) glycolysis
B) conversion of O2 to water
C) conversion of FAD+ to FADH2
D) conversion of NADH to NAD+
E) A and D
15. Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates can provide the energy for mitochondrial ATP synthesis because
they all contain
A) Glucose
B) Carbon-hydrogen bonds
C) Carbon-oxygen bonds
D) Phosphate
E) Glycerol
16. The oxygen (O2) used during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process?
A) the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
B) forming CO2
C) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
D) glycolysis
E) the citric acid cycle
17. Several billion years ago, there was no O2 in the atmosphere and CO2 levels were much higher.
Given the current levels of O2 (21%) and CO2 (about 0.039%) in the atmosphere, what can you say
about the relative amounts of photosynthesis and mitochondrial (aerobic) respiration that have occurred
over evolutionary history? Overall, there
A) have been similar levels of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration
B) has been a little more aerobic respiration than photosynthesis
C) has been much more aerobic respiration than photosynthesis
D) has been much more photosynthesis than aerobic respiration
E) is no way for me to figure this out
18. Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent?
A) the citric acid cycle
B) oxidative phosphorylation
C) lactic acid fermentation
D) glycolysis
E) electron transport
19. Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?
A) an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell
B) an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but can’t be broken apart
C) an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it
D) an agent that reacts with NADH and turns it into NAD+
E) an agent that blocks the passage of electrons along the electron transport chain
20. In addition to pyruvate, which of the following are required for the citric acid cycle?
A) ATP and NADH
B) CO2 and ATP
C) ADP, Pi, FAD, and NAD+
D) CO2 and NADH
E) NADH, FADH2, and citrate
21. The bubbles in beer are made of _________ which were created via _____________.
A) carbon dioxide; lactic acid fermentation
B) carbon dioxide; alcoholic fermentation
C) oxygen; alcoholic fermentation
D) oxygen; lactic acid fermentation
E) ethyl alcohol; alcoholic fermentation
22. Which of the following occurs in the mitochondrial matrix?
A) glycolysis and fermentation
B) fermentation and oxidative phosphorylation
C) oxidative phosphorylation
D) citric acid cycle
E) glycolysis
23. Energy released by the mitochondrial electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which
location?
A) cytosol
B) mitochondrial outer membrane
C) mitochondrial inner membrane
D) mitochondrial intermembrane space
E) mitochondrial matrix
24. Which of the following produces the most ATP?
A) glycolysis
B) lactic acid fermentation
C) alcoholic fermentation
D) citric acid cycle
E) oxidative phosphorylation
25. The high energy of glucose is transferred to NAD+ by transferring
A) only energy, no actual matter
B) the carbon-hydrogen bond
C) electrons and H+
D) a phosphate group
E) electrons and oxygen
26. In photosynthesis, the energy to make C-H bonds originally comes from __________, but that
energy is transported to the Calvin cycle via ____________.
A) CO2, sugar
B) CO2, water
C) ATP and NADPH, light
D) light, ATP and G3P
E) light, ATP and NADPH
27. Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
A) thylakoid membrane
B) stroma of the chloroplast
C) chlorophyll molecule
D) cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast
E) outer membrane of the chloroplast
28. When CO2 is used in photosynthesis, the carbon atoms from CO2 ultimately:
A) are excreted
B) become bonded with H atoms to form carbohydrates
C) power the light-independent reactions
D) aid in respiration
E) escapes to the atmosphere
29. Which of the events listed below occur in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
A) ATP is phosphorylated to yield ADP.
B) light is absorbed and funneled to Photosystems I and II.
C) NADPH is reduced to NADP+.
D) NAD is produced.
E) carbon dioxide is incorporated into sugars.
30. Where would you find electron transport chains in a plant cell?
A) only in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
B) on in the stroma of chloroplasts
C) only in the outer cell membranes
D) in thylakoid membrane and the inner membranes of mitochondria, but not in the outer cell
membrane
E) in thylakoid membranes, the inner membranes of mitochondria, and in the outer cell membrane
31. What role does FAD serve in cellular functions? It is:
A) an electron donor to oxidative phosphorylation
B) an electron donor to the Calvin cycle
C) an electron acceptor from the Calvin cycle
D) an electron acceptor from oxidative phosphorylation
E) an electron acceptor from the citric acid cycle
32. Some simple photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II (PSII), yet are
able to survive. What is the best way to determine if an organism doesn’t have a PSII?
A) to test if they have thylakoids in their chloroplasts.
B) to test for CO2 fixation in the dark.
C) to test for release of O2 in the light.
D) to test for production of either sucrose or starch.
E) to test for the production of NADPH
33. Converting oxygen into water occurs during
A) the Calvin cycle.
B) the light reactions.
C) the citric acid cycle.
D) oxidative phosphorylation.
E) glycolysis
34. Why is it that the “light-independent” reactions of photosynthesis cannot really run without light?
A) they require the H2O made in the light reactions
B) they require the O2 made in the light reactions
C) they require the NADPH and ATP made in the light reaction
D) they require CO2, and CO2 can only be acquired during the day
E) they require the NADP+, ADP, and Pi made in the light reactions
35. Assume a mitochondrion is somehow punctured so that the intermembrane space is no longer
separated from the matrix. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following
processes?
A) the synthesis of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation
B) the conversion of NAD+ to NADH
C) the conversion of NADPH to NADP+
D) the breakdown of pyruvate
E) the formation of water
36. In chloroplasts, protons are pumped from the stroma to:
A) ATP synthase.
B) the matrix.
C) the thylakoid space.
D) the intermembrane space.
E) cytosol.
For questions 37-39, compare the light reactions with the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.
37. Requires ATP
A) light reactions alone
B) the Calvin cycle alone
C) both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle
E) occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis
38. Produces NADPH
A) light reactions alone
B) the Calvin cycle alone
C) both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle
E) occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis
39. Requires CO2
A) light reactions alone
B) the Calvin cycle alone
C) both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle
E) occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis
40. ______________ is an enzyme that allows ____________ to bond with _________ in the Calvin
cycle.
A) Rubisco, RuBP, CO2
B) Rubisco, RuBP, G3P
C) PEP carboxylase, RuBP, CO2
D) PEP carboxylase, malic acid, G3P
E) PEP carboxylase, RuBP, malic acid
41. Agave is a CAM plant. Malate (malic acid) is part of what gives agaves their unique flavor, but
sucrose is better for making strong tequila. When should an agave farmer supplying a tequila distillery
pick his/her crop to ensure sucrose content is highest?
A) At sunrise
B) At noon
C) At the hottest part of the day
D) At sunset
E) At midnight
42. C3 plants have a competitive advantage over C4 in high CO2 environments because:
A) C3 plants can run the Calvin cycle at night
B) C3 plants can close their stomata and not dry out
C) C3 plants operate well in low-CO2 environments
D) C3 plants run an extra cycle so the Calvin cycle can run efficiently
E) C3 plants use less energy by running one carbon-based cycle instead of two
43. C4 plants tend to do better than C3 plants in:
A) sunny areas
B) dry areas
C) wet areas
D) A and B
E) A and C
44. When a plant produces heat to melt the snow above it, the heat is produced by uncoupling which
two processes in a mitochondrion?
A) ATP synthesis and the Calvin cycle
B) The formation of a H+ gradient in mitochondria and ATP synthesis
C) Electron transport and the citric acid cycle
D) Electron transport and the formation of a H+ gradient in mitochondria
E) Electron transport and the Calvin cycle
45. An _______________ produces internal heat via metabolism to maintain a constant temperature
which takes ____________ energy while an ________________ relies on its environment for heating
and coooling thus using ______________ energy.
A) endotherm, less, ectotherm, more
B) endotherm, more, ectotherm, less
C) ectotherm, more, endotherm, less
D) ectotherm, less, endotherm, more
46. Could a turtle (a reptile and ectotherm) be negatively affected by cyanide?
A) No, because turtles make their own heat.
B) No, because turtles don’t need to make their own heat.
C) No, because turtles don’t breathe oxygen.
D)Yes, because turtles need ATP to move and function.
E) Yes, because turtles make their own heat.
47. Which of the following statements is NOT true for NAD+?
A) NADH has more energy than NAD+.
B) NAD+ is converted to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
C) In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function.
D) NADH can transfer electrons into the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
48. If you radioactively tagged the water (H2O) molecules entering photosynthesis, what would you
expect to be radioactive following photosynthesis?
A) The O’s in CO2
B) The C’s in CO2
C) The C’s in glucose
D) The O’s in glucose
E) The O’s in O2
49. When a eukaryote is exposed to carbon monoxide (CO), the CO stops electron transport in
respiration. The result of this would be:
A) Glycolysis would stop
B) Fermentation would stop
C) The citric acid cycle would stop
D) A and C
E) All of the above
50. International athletes come to Colorado to train and increase their endurance. The main reason for
this endurance increase is due to increased numbers of red blood cells, which lead to more oxygen per
mL of blood circulating in the body (when compared to those with fewer red blood cells at the same
elevation). If you compared the lactic acid build-up in athletes with different training locations, what
would you expect to find? (Assume all athletes in the study are of equal fitness abilities, are running the
same distances, and are all tested in Colorado.)
A) Athletes who have been training in Colorado for several weeks will be the least sore due to
lactic acid build-up.
B) Athletes who have been training in Colorado for a few days will be the least sore due to lactic acid
build-up.
C) Athletes from sea level will be the least sore due to lactic acid build-up.
D) Increased red blood cells wouldn’t affect lactic acid build-up.