Download - Northwest Halifax High School

TEST NAME: Social Studies
TEST ID: 924086
GRADE: 09 ­ Ninth Grade
SUBJECT: Social Sciences and History
TEST CATEGORY: School Assessment
Social Studies
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Student: Class:
Date:
1. What effect did the expansion of Christianity have on western Europe during the Middle Ages?
A.
The region was provided with a common language.
B.
A confederation of nations with one government was formed.
C.
Regional economies expanded because of trade treaties.
D.
A common culture helped unify groups separated by geography.
2. During the Middle Ages, which characteristic did western Europe and the Byzantine Empire have
in common?
A.
control by a single ruler
B.
education in local languages
C.
development of a middle class
D.
practice of a common religion
3. Which outside group did tribes in Africa encounter first?
A.
Christian missionaries
B.
British colonists
C.
Spanish conquistadores
D.
Muslim merchants
4. Which statement is the best explanation of the divine right of kings?
A.
People are sovereign.
B.
People are born with God­given rights.
C.
The king must abide by the social contract.
D.
The king answers only to God.
5. Minarets on mosques in Spain demonstrate which cultural influence?
A.
Christianity during the Inquisition
B.
China during the Tang Dynasty
C.
humanism during the Renaissance
D.
Islam during the Middle Ages
6. Use the table below to answer the question. Cause
Effect
Constantine legalizes Christianity ? Which effect best completes the table?
A.
Catholic Church begins the Counter­Reformation.
B.
Rome is violently divided over Christian doctrine.
C.
Christianity spreads quickly with government support.
D.
Believers in the old Roman gods are forced to flee Rome.
Social Studies
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7. What was the main effect of the Moors’ expansion into Spain in the 700s?
A.
It contributed to the spread of Buddhist influence in the region.
B.
It prompted a Christian counterattack against Moorish territory in the Holy Land.
C.
It led to conflicts between Muslims and Christian inhabitants.
D.
It completed the destruction of the Byzantine Empire.
8. What is a characteristic of the philosophy of the divine right of kings?
A.
Monarchs are subject to the authority of parliament.
B.
The clergy make government decisions.
C.
Parliamentary representatives share power.
D.
The monarch derives authority from a deity.
9. How did the Hundred Years’ War affect western European society?
A.
by weakening monarchies in England and France
B.
by shifting the population to rural fiefdoms
C.
by encouraging the popularity of secular values
D.
by creating feelings of nationalism in England and France
10. How does this excerpt reflect the development of the idea of the rule of law?
We furthermore grant and give to all the freemen of our realm for ourselves and our heirs in
perpetuity the liberties written below to have and to hold to them and their heirs from us
and our heirs in perpetuity.
—Magna Carta, 1215
A.
New laws protected the established government.
B.
The law existed to promote democracy.
C.
New laws should be publicized.
D.
The law applied to the ruler as well as the people.
11. Which action helped uphold Roman Catholic doctrine after the fall of the Roman Empire?
A.
prohibiting the practice of rituals in rural areas
B.
limiting the number of ordained priests
C.
holding services in local languages
D.
creating a hierarchical church structure
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12. Use the excerpt below to answer the question. No sheriff, royal official, or other person shall take horses or carts for transport from any free man,
without his consent.
—Magna Carta
Which principle of the government is reflected in this excerpt?
A.
Power is shared between the national and local governments.
B.
Government power is divided among several branches.
C.
Power is granted by the consent of the governed.
D.
Government is subject to the rule of law.
13. Which statement is the best example of the contrasting roles of religion during the Middle Ages?
A.
In the Byzantine Empire, religious rituals were only on holy days, while in western Europe, religion was a
part of daily life.
B.
In western Europe, marriage was allowed for the clergy, while in the Byzantine Empire, it was prohibited.
C.
In western Europe, religion was a source of conflict, while in the Byzantine Empire, religion encouraged
compromise.
D.
In the Byzantine Empire, the patriarch deferred to political rulers, while in western Europe, the pope
attempted to control political rulers.
14. How did the Crusades change the social structure of Europe?
A.
They freed the serfs from monarchal control.
B.
They decreased the influence of the clergy.
C.
They weakened the power of the noble class.
D.
They encouraged religious diversity throughout Europe.
15. Which document recognized the rights of the nobility in England?
A.
The Mayflower Compact
B.
The Magna Carta
C.
Articles of Confederation
D.
The Declaration of Independence
16. Which factor most contributed to the development of feudalism in western Europe?
A.
invasions by Vikings and Magyars
B.
struggles between kings and popes
C.
efforts to revive literature and the arts
D.
divisions between Orthodox and Catholic Christianity
17. What outcome resulted from the fall of the Roman Empire in western Europe?
A.
Feudalism replaced a centralized empire.
B.
Church institutions declined in influence.
C.
Dependence on foreign trade increased.
D.
Local leaders established representative governments.
Social Studies
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18. Use the diagram below to answer the question.
Which feature completes this diagram?
A.
Religious leaders endorsed the growth of towns.
B.
Universities encouraged civic participation.
C.
Serfs migrated in search of higher wages.
D.
Land was awarded for military service.
19. Use the chart below to answer the question.
Crop Yield per Acre in England,
1550–1800
(in bushels)
Years
Oats
Barley
Wheat
1550–1599
7.87
8.4
7.88
1600–1649
10.97
11.86
10.15
1650–1699
10.82
12.48
11.36
1700–1749
12.27
15.08
13.79
1750–1799
20.9
21.88
17.26
Which factor most contributed to the changes shown on this chart?
A.
increased trade with the colonies
B.
land acquisitions from foreign countries
C.
advances in farming technology and techniques
D.
additional farm labor from the expansion of the slave trade
Social Studies
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20. What was an economic purpose of the medieval Manorial System in Europe?
A.
to ensure revenue for the church
B.
to provide wealth for the nobles
C.
to supply dowries for serfs
D.
to provide taxes for monarchs
21. Which of the following elements was not common to farming in the feudal system?
A.
Subsistence farming
B.
Enclosure of lands
C.
Common pastures
D.
Inefficient land use
22. Use the information in the list to answer the question.
?
• The growth of towns • The revival of regional economies
• The establishment of the bourgeoisie
Which would be the best title for this list?
A.
The End of Monarchies
B.
The Rise of Manorialism
C.
The Decline of Feudalism
D.
The Spread of Christianity
23. Use the excerpt below to answer the question.
By the [feudal] Lord before whom this sanctuary is holy, I will . . . be true and faithful, and love all which
he loves and shun all which he shuns, according to the laws of God and the order of the world. Nor will I
ever with will or action, through word or deed, do anything which is unpleasing to him. . . . —I: An Anglo Saxon Form of Commendation, Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen
Which condition led to Medieval Era vows like the one in this excerpt?
A.
the lack of regional alliances
B.
increased authority of religious leaders
C.
the need for protection from invading forces
D.
improved trade opportunities
Social Studies
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24. Use the list below to answer the question.
Characteristics of Medieval Manors
• Found in western and central Europe
• Required large amounts of land
• ? Which characteristic completes this list?
A.
Controlled by merchant class
B.
Supported by foreign trade
C.
Protected by local knights
D.
Dominated by church leaders
25. Which factor most encouraged the specialization of labor and the creation of guilds in Europe in
the late Middle Ages?
A.
Feudal lords promoted universal education.
B.
Territorial conflicts restricted trade between towns.
C.
The Papal Schism reduced the authority of the Church.
D.
Agricultural improvements lowered demand for farm labor.
26. Use the picture below to answer the question.
What impact did chinampas have on the environment of the Aztecs?
A.
depletion of the rainforest
B.
increase in air pollution
C.
depletion of natural minerals
D.
increase in farmable land
Social Studies
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27. Use the chart below to answer the question. Medieval European Agriculture
CAUSE
EFFECT
→ Lords wanted to grow more crops.
?
Which sentence best completes the chart?
A.
Merchants sold farmable land to buyers.
B.
Serfs built step terraces into mountainsides.
C.
Peasants cleared forests and drained swamps.
D.
Farmers planted floating gardens in shallow lakes.
28. Use the list below to answer the question.
• Aztecs created chinampas. • Incas built step terraces.
• Medieval peasants cleared forests and drained
swamps.
What was the primary purpose of all of the activities listed in the list?
A.
to increase farmable land
B.
to guard from enemy attacks
C.
to make trade with foreigners easier
D.
to protect inhabitants from severe weather
29. Use the chart below to answer the question.
Open­field System
• Each manor had a few large
fields which were divided into
strips and farmed by peasants.
• Livestock could be grazed in
common pastures.
?
→ • Individual people were granted
deeds to large tracks of land
and then fenced them off. • Many farmable fields were
converted to pastures.
Which title would best replace the question mark in the chart?
A.
Commune
B.
Sharecropping
C.
Eminent Domain
D.
Enclosure Movement
Social Studies
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30. Use the list below to answer the question. ?
• Replaced the open­field system • Caused farmland to be turned into
pastureland in England
• Resulted in many peasants losing
their land and livelihood
Which is the best title for this list?
A.
Guilds
B.
Enclosure
C.
Feudalism
D.
Mercantilism
31. Use the quote below to answer the question.
. . . for wherever it is found that the sheep of any soil yield a softer and richer wool than ordinary,
there the nobility and gentry . . . not contented with the old rents which their farms yielded, nor
thinking it enough that they, living at their ease, do no good to the public, resolve to do it hurt
instead of good. They stop the course of agriculture, destroying houses and towns . . . and enclose
grounds that they may lodge their sheep in them.
—Sir Thomas More, Utopia, 1516
Based on the passage, which of these resulted from the enclosure movement in England?
A.
a decrease in farmable land
B.
an increase in church authority
C.
a decrease in wool production
D.
an increase in jobs for peasants
32. Use the quote below to answer the question.
England abounds with corn . . . Yet I must confess, that daily this plenty of corn decreaseth, by
reason that private men, finding greater commodity in feeding of sheep and cattle than in the plow,
requiring the hands of many servants, can by no law be restrained from turning cornfields into
enclosed pastures . . .
—Fynes Moryson, An Itinerary, 1617
What was one result of the enclosure movement in England?
A.
Peasants lost their farmland and livelihood.
B.
England began exporting crops to foreign nations.
C.
Landed estates became larger and employed more farmers.
D.
England began importing wool for its textile industry.
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33. Use the picture below to answer the question.
How did step terraces impact the environment of the Inca?
A.
They increased soil erosion.
B.
They created more farmable land.
C.
They promoted international trade.
D.
They provided protection from enemies.
34. Use the chart below to answer the question.
Problem
Mountainous terrain created a
scarcity of farmable land in the Inca Empire.
Solution
→ ?
Which solution best completes the chart?
A.
fertilizer
B.
three­field system
C.
step terraces
D.
irrigation canals
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35. Use the chart below to answer the question.
CAUSE
Agricultural Revolution
→ EFFECT
?
Which phrase would best replace the question mark in this chart?
A.
A Decrease in Trade
B.
An Increase in Serfs
C.
The Growth of Towns
D.
The Development of Feudalism
36. What was one major effect of the invention of the printing press?
A.
It helped Catholic leaders increase power.
B.
It helped facilitate the spread of religious ideas.
C.
It helped popularize reforms in the Catholic Church.
D.
It helped introduce new leadership roles in the church.
37. Which Protestant reformer preached the idea of predestination?
A.
Martin Luther
B.
John Wesley
C.
Henry VIII
D.
John Calvin
38. Which period best completes this diagram?
A.
The Protestant Reformation
B.
The Era of Good Feelings
C.
The Industrial Revolution
D.
The Gilded Age
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39. What was one direct result of the reforms described below? Reforms of Protestant Reformation • Religion should be personal, immediate, and based on faith
• Focus on the scriptures and abolish ritualistic ceremony
• Increase literacy so all could read the Bible in their own language
A.
expansion of a traditional economic system
B.
end of absolute monarchies
C.
development of new faiths
D.
acceptance of radical political groups
40. Which aspect of the Renaissance is shown in this information about Florence?
The welling up of civic pride that overflowed in public building was brought on by that
remarkable course of events from the end of the thirteenth to the beginning of the fifteenth
century that transformed the Florentine state . . . During the century and a half at the
building of the town hall and ending at the crowning of the cathedral with Brunelleschi’s
cupola, Florence put its internal affairs into an impressive new order . . . and asserted itself
as a major Italian power. —Richard A. Goldthwaite
A.
rising power of artists
B.
economic prosperity of city­states
C.
new techniques in religious sculpture
D.
increased use of the vernacular languages
41. How were the works of Leonardo da Vinci an example of the importance of the Renaissance?
A.
Patrons became less influential.
B.
Subjects became more secular.
C.
Colors and brushstrokes become more simplistic.
D.
Perspective and dimension were emphasized in paintings.
42. What was an effect of Luther’s assertion?
The pope cannot remit [forgive] any guilt, except by declaring and showing that it has been
remitted [forgiven] by God . . . .
—Martin Luther’s Ninety­five Theses A.
The Church experienced a decrease in attendance.
B.
The authority of Church officials was questioned.
C.
Reforms were adopted to unify the Church.
D.
Military leaders defended Church policies.
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43. Use the information in the chart to answer the question.
France in the Late Middle Ages
• Increase in trade, the growth of towns, and the
rise of a middle class • Decrease in the power of feudal lords
• Decline in Church authority • Turmoil caused by religious wars and
territorial conflicts
Which of these developed in France as a result of the factors listed in the chart?
A.
an absolute monarchy
B.
a socialist society
C.
a theocracy
D.
a democracy
44. What is significant about this act?
Albeit the king’s Majesty justly and rightfully is . . . the supreme head of the Church of
England, and so is recognized by the clergy of this realm . . . be it enacted, by authority of
this present Parliament, that the king, our sovereign lord, his heirs and successors, kings of
this realm, shall be . . . the only supreme head in earth of the Church of England. . . . —Act of Supremacy, Henry VIII, 1534 A.
It allowed the monarch to override laws passed by Parliament.
B.
It increased tensions during the Protestant Reformation.
C.
It improved political relations among the leaders of Parliament.
D.
It led to the events that prompted the Renaissance.
45. Use the information in the chart to answer the question.
King Louis XIV of France
• Believed in divine right
• Declared “I am the state” • Removed power from the nobles
• Increased the power of appointed officials
• Canceled the Edict of Nantes
Which political system did King Louis XIV support?
A.
direct democracy
B.
state socialism
C.
absolute monarchy
D.
constitutional republic
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46. Louis XIV’s statement, “I am the state,” is a reflection of which type of government?
A.
a constitutional theocracy
B.
an absolute monarchy
C.
an authoritarian oligarchy
D.
a direct democracy
47. What principle did the Peace of Westphalia support?
A.
state sovereignty
B.
religious unity
C.
economic planning
D.
social equality
48. Which invention helped fuel the Renaissance?
A.
astrolabe
B.
crossbow
C.
printing press
D.
steam engine
49. Which factor led to the development of manorialism?
A.
the collapse of an economy
B.
the influence of the Catholic Church
C.
the decrease in migrations
D.
the expansion of the Roman Empire
50. Which turning point most directly affected the development of the free market economy?
A.
changes in religious beliefs
B.
availability of printed books
C.
success of the commercial revolution
D.
changes in agricultural practices
51. Which development was a result of tobacco becoming a successful crop in Jamestown?
A.
The pay rates of indentured servants declined.
B.
British trade with Asia increased.
C.
The slave trade expanded in the colonies.
D.
British colonists began to reject mercantilism.
52. Why did the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella support Christopher Columbus’ voyage
in 1492?
A.
They wanted to find a direct route by sea to Asia.
B.
They wanted to create settlements in new territories.
C.
They wanted to discover lands previously unknown to Europeans.
D.
They wanted to test new navigational tools that had been developed.
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53. Which conclusion about the effects of the Black Death on medieval European society is most
accurate?
A.
Nobles were largely unaffected because they lived in rural areas instead of urban areas.
B.
Prices for crops fell dramatically because the disease could spread to plants.
C.
The number of serfs declined because the labor shortage gave them new opportunities.
D.
The middle class expanded because they could afford medical treatments.
54. Use the information below to answer the question that follows. The Four Voyages
• 1st ­ to find a direct sea route to Asia by sailing west from Spain
• 2nd ­ to build a permanent settlement as a trading post, convert native
peoples, and undertake further exploration
• 3rd ­ to bring supplies to the settlement at Santo Domingo
• 4th ­ to explore further west of the Caribbean and find a route to Asia
Which explorer made the four voyages described in the list?
A.
Marco Polo
B.
Henry Hudson
C.
Robert de La Salle
D.
Christopher Columbus
55. Use the list below to answer the question.
1600: British East India Company created
1602: Dutch East India Company founded
1602: Amsterdam Stock Exchange started
Which factor contributed to the initial success of these companies?
A.
introduction of copyright laws
B.
development of manufacturing technology
C.
agreement to spread risk among investors
D.
transition to paper currency
56. Use the table below to answer the question.
Slaves Exported From Africa
Dates
Trans­Atlantic Slave Trade Trans­Saharan Slave Trade Asian Slave Trade
650–1500 AD
1%
65%
34%
1500–1800 AD
72%
18%
10%
Which development led to the change shown in this table?
A.
Growing cash crops in the Americas increased the demand for labor.
B.
Conflicts in the Middle East made certain routes too dangerous.
C.
Famine in Asia led to increased need for food cultivation.
D.
Drought caused a mass migration to North Africa.
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57. Use the table below to answer the question.
Number of Ships Sailing From
Europe to Asia
1600–1700 1700–1800
England
811
1865
France
155
1300
Netherlands
1770
2950
Which factor best explains the change shown in this table?
A.
favorable climate
B.
access to valuable resources
C.
insufficient infrastructure
D.
lack of agricultural goods
58. Use the excerpt to answer the question that follows.
I passed from the Canary Islands to the Indies, with the fleet
which the most illustrious King and Queen . . . gave to me. There I
found very many islands, filled with innumerable people, and I
have taken possession of them all for their Highnesses . . ., and no
opposition was offered to me.
This excerpt comes from an account of a voyage made by which person?
A.
Marco Polo
B.
Leif Ericson
C.
Hernando de Soto
D.
Christopher Columbus
59. Which factor most affected the commercial revolution in Europe?
A.
the establishment of the divine right of kings
B.
the development of overseas colonies
C.
the increase of religious influence in business
D.
the introduction of the university system
60. Use the information below to answer the question that follows.
• to find a direct route by sea to Asia
• to increase the power of Spain
• to spread the Christian religion
• to gain personal wealth and prestige
This list identifies several of the motives behind whose voyages?
A.
Leif Ericson
B.
Henry Hudson
C.
Samuel de Champlain
D.
Christopher Columbus
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61. Use the list below to answer the question.
• Banks
• Bills of exchange
• Business partnerships
The early spread of these innovations are evidence of which stage in Europe’s economic
development?
A.
the transition from an individual barter economy to feudalism
B.
the growth of manufacturing cities in northern Europe
C.
the transition from a mercantilist economy to capitalism
D.
the growth of artisan guilds in southern Europe
62. Use the excerpt below to answer the question.
[B]e it enacted . . . no goods or commodities . . . of the growth, production or manufacture of Asia,
Africa or America . . . shall be imported or brought into this Commonwealth of England . . . in any
other ship or ships . . . but only in such as do truly and without fraud belong . . . to the people of this
Commonwealth . . . .
—The Navigation Act, 1651
What was the purpose of the Navigation Act?
A.
to prevent English colonies from trading directly with foreign countries
B.
to protect English colonies from the fleets of foreign countries
C.
to allow English colonies to function as independent nations
D.
to encourage English colonies to develop merchant fleets
63. How did the bubonic plague most change the social structure of Europe in the Middle Ages?
A.
The shortage of labor empowered the peasant class.
B.
The rise of nationalism increased the influence of the nobility.
C.
The decline in demand ensured the success of the merchants.
D.
The increased demand for labor strengthened feudalism.
64. Which statement best explains how Marco Polo influenced European voyages of exploration to
the Americas?
A.
His innovations in navigation allowed European ships to make more distant trips.
B.
His descriptions of the Americas convinced Europeans to establish settlements there.
C.
His accounts of the wealth in China motivated Europeans to seek trade routes to Asia.
D.
His religious ideas inspired Europeans to spread Christianity farther around the world.
65. How did the expansion of sugar plantations in the Americas change the transatlantic economy?
A.
by improving the efficiency of manufacturing processes
B.
by increasing the need for market competition
C.
by improving the design of farming equipment
D.
by increasing the demand for slave labor
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66. Use the excerpt below to answer the question.
We must always take heed that we buy no more from strangers than we sell them, for so should we
impoverish ourselves and enrich them.
—Discourse of the Common Weal of the Realm of England, 1549
Which term best describes the popular 16th­century belief described in the excerpt?
A.
fascism
B.
socialism
C.
mercantilism
D.
totalitarianism
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
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80.
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81.
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99.
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117.
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135.
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