Download muscles - Dr Magrann

ANATOMY 35 LAB UNIT TWO STUDY GUIDE
MUSCLE NAME LIST
Superficial muscles of the chest
1. Pectoralis major
2. Pectoralis minor
3. Pectoantebrachialis (cat only)
4. Xiphihumeralis (cat only)
Muscles of the shoulder
5. Levator scapula ventralis (on top of infraspinatus)
6. Levator scapula dorsalis (on top of splenius at neck)
7. Clavodeltoid (cat only; just “deltoid” in human)
8. Acromiodeltoid (cat only)
9. Spinodeltoid (cat only)
Deep muscles of shoulder
10. Supraspinatus
#9-12
11. Infraspinatus
Rotator
Cuff
12. Subscapularis
13. Teres minor
14. Teres major
15. Rhomboideus major (more inferior; just “Rhomboideus” in cat)
16. Rhomboideus minor (more superior; human only)
17. Spinalis dorsi (cat only)
18. Splenius (cat only)
Superficial muscles of back
19. Latissimus dorsi
20. Spinotrapezius (cat only; just “trapezius” in human)
21. Acromiotrapezius (cat only)
22. Clavotrapezius (cat only)
Muscles of arm and forearm
23. Biceps brachii
24. Brachialis
25. Triceps brachii, lateral head
26. Triceps brachii, long head
27. Triceps brachii, medial head
28. Coracobrachialis (cadaver only)
29. Brachioradialis
30. Pronator teres
Arm muscles
Antecubital fossa
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31. Palmaris longus
Forearm flexors (smooth side)
32. Flexor digitorum superficialis (cadaver only)
33. Flexor digitorum profundus (just “flexor digitorum” in the cat)
34. Flexor carpi radialis
35. Flexor carpi ulnaris
36. Flexor retinaculum (connective tissue, not muscle)
37. Extensor digitorum
Forearm extensors (hairy side)
38. Extensor carpi ulnaris
39. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
40. Extensor carpi radialis longus (most lateral, touching Brachioradialis)
Deep muscles of the chest (rib area)
41. Serratus anterior
42. Scalenus ventralis (cat only)
43. Scalenus dorsalis (cat only)
44. Scalenus mediius (cat only)
45. External intercostals (more dorsal, toward the back)
46. Internal intercostals (more ventral, toward the chest)
Muscles of the abdominal wall
47. Rectus abdominis
48. External oblique
49. Internal oblique
50. Transverse abdominis
51. Linea alba (connective tissue white line)
Muscles of the thigh
52. Gluteus maximus
53. Gluteus medius
54. Psoas major (cadaver only)
55. Iliacus (cadaver only)
56. Caudofemoralis (cat only)
57. Tensor fascia latae
58. Rectus femoris
59. Vastus lateralis
60. Vastus medialis
61. Vastus intermedius
62. Sartorius
63. Gracilis
64. Pectineus (cadaver only)
65. Adductor longus
66. Adductor magnus
Buttock area
Quadriceps femoris
muscle group
Superficial thigh adductors
Deep thigh adductors
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67. Semimembranosus
68. Semitendinosus
69. Biceps femoris
Hamstring
muscle group
Muscles of the Leg
70. Gastrocnemius
71. Soleus
72. Plantaris (tendon between gastrocnemius and soleus)
73. Flexor digitorum longus
74. Flexor digitorum brevis (cadaver only; bottom of foot)
75. Tibialis posterior (tendon at medial malleolus)
76. Tibialis anterior
77. Extensor digitorum longus
Posterior leg
Anterior leg
78. Peroneus longus (tendon at lateral malleolus, more posterior)
79. Peroneus brevis (tendon at lateral malleolus, more anterior)
Lateral leg
Muscles of the head and neck
80. Platysma
81. Sternomastoid (in human, called sternocleidomastoid)
82. Cleidomastoid (cat only)
83. Digastric
84. Mylohyoid
85. Sternohyoid
86. Sternothyroid (cat only)
87. Thyrohyoid (cat only)
88. Masseter
89. Temporalis
Muscles of head and neck, cadaver only
90. Epicranius (frontalis)
91. Levator labii superioris
92. Zygomaticus
93. Orbicularis oculi
94. Orbicularis oris
95. Buccinator
Also know histology of muscles (smooth, skeletal, cardiac, neuromuscular junction).
See last page of this document.
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THESE ARE THE OIA’S YOU NEED TO KNOW
MUSCLES OF THE CHEST
N
Pectoralis major
O
clavicle, sternum, ribs
I
Intertubercular groove
A
Flexes, adducts and internally rotates shoulder
N
O
I
A
Pectoralis minor
ribs 3-5
coracoid process of scapula
protracts and depresses scapula
MUSCLES OF THE ARM
N
Deltoid
O
clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
I
deltoid tuberosity
A
Abducts shoulder
N
O
I
A
Biceps brachii
coracoid process, supraglenoid tubercle
radial tuberosity
Flexes elbow, supinates forearm
N
Triceps brachii
O
I
scapula and humerus
olecranon process of ulna
A
Extends elbow
N
O
I
A
Brachialis
humerus
Ulnar tuberosity
Flexes elbow
N
O
I
A
Antagonist to Triceps
brachii
Antagonist to Biceps
brachii
Coracobrachialis
Coracoid process of scapula
humerus
Flexes, adducts, and internally rotates shoulder
4
MUSCLES OF THE ANTECUBITAL FOSSA
N
Brachioradialis
O
Distal humerus
I
styloid process of radius
A
Flexes elbow
N
O
I
A
Pronator Teres
medial epicondyle of humerus
radius
Pronates forearm
EXTENSORS OF THE FOREARM
N
Extensor digitorum
O
lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I
distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A
Extends fingers and wrist
N
Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)
O
I
A
lateral epicondyle of humerus
2nd and 3rd metacarpal
Extends wrist
N
O
I
A
Extensor carpi ulnaris
lateral epicondyle of humerus
5th metacarpal
Extends wrist
FLEXORS OF THE FOREARM
N
Palmaris longus
O
medial epicondyle of humerus
I
palmar aponeurosis
A
Flexes wrist
N
O
I
A
Flexor carpi radialis
medial epicondyle of humerus
2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Flexes and abducts wrist
N
Flexor carpi ulnaris
O
I
A
medial epicondyle of humerus
Medial metacarpals and carpals
Flexes and adducts wrist
5
N
Flexor digitorum superficialis (cadaver only)
O
I
A
Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
Middle (intermediate) phalanges of digits 2-5
Flexes wrist
N
Flexor digitorum profundus
O
I
A
Ulna
Distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Flexes wrist and digits
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
N
Supraspinatus
O
supraspinous fossa
I
greater tubercle of the humerus
A
Abducts shoulder
N
O
I
A
Infraspinatus
infraspinous fossa
greater tubercle of the humerus
Externally rotates shoulder
N
O
I
A
Subscapularis
subscapular fossa
lesser tubercle of humerus
Internally rotates shoulder
N
O
I
A
Teres Minor
scapula
greater tubercle of humerus
Adducts and externally rotates shoulder
MUSCLES OF THE BACK
N
O
I
A
Teres Major
scapula
Intertubercular grove of humerus
extends, adducts and internally rotates shoulder
6
N
Rhomboideus (major and minor)
O
spinous process of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
I
A
medial border of scapula
Retracts and elevates scapula
N
Trapezius
O
Occipital bone, spines of all cervical and thoracic vertebrae
I
A
Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
Retracts, elevates, and depresses scapula
N
O
I
A
Latissimus dorsi
Spinous process of lower vertebrae
intertubercular groove of humerus
Extends, adducts and internally rotates shoulder
N
O
I
A
Levator scapulae
Transverse process of cervical vertebrae 1-4
Medial border of scapula
Elevates scapula
Antagonist to Serratus Anterior
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN AND RIBS
N
O
I
A
Serratus anterior (“boxer’s muscle”)
Ribs 1-9
Medial (vertebral) border of scapula
Protracts scapula; lowers a raised arm
N
External oblique
O
I
A
ribs
iliac crest, linea alba
Flexes and rotates trunk to opposite side, compresses abdomen
N
O
I
A
Internal oblique
Iliac crest
lower ribs
Flexes and rotates trunk to same side, compresses abdomen
N
O
I
A
Transversus abdominis
iliac crest and lower ribs
linea alba and pubis
Rotates trunk to same side, compresses abdomen
Antagonist to Rhomboids
7
N
O
I
A
Rectus abdominis
pubis
Lower ribs and xiphoid process
Flexes trunk and compresses abdomin
N
O
I
A
External intercostals
Lower margin of upper rib
Upper margin of lower rib
Raises ribs during inspiration
Antagonist to Internal
intercostals
N
O
I
A
Internal intercostals
Upper margin of lower rib
Lower margin of upper rib
Lowers ribs during expiration
Antagonist to External
intercostals
PELVIC GIRDLE
N
O
I
A
Gluteus maximus
Iliac crest, sacrum
gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract
Extends and externally rotates hip
N
Gluteus medius
O
Iliac fossa
I
A
greater trochanter of the femur
Abducts and internally rotates hip
N
Psoas major
O
I
A
Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
lesser trochanter of femur
Flexes and externally rotates hip
N
O
I
A
Iliacus
Iliac fossa
lesser trochanter of the femur
Flexes and externally rotates hip
N
Tensor fasciae latae
O
anterior superior iliac spine
I
iliotibial tract
A
Abducts, flexes, and internally rotates hip
ANTERIOR THIGH (extensors of the knee and one flexor of the thigh)
(QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE GROUP)
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N
O
I
A
Rectus femoris
anterior inferior iliac spine
tibial tuberosity
Extends knee and flexes hip
N
O
I
A
Vastus lateralis
linea aspera
tibial tuberosity
Extends knee
N
O
I
A
Vastus medialis
linea aspera
tibial tuberosity
Extends knee
N
O
I
A
Vastus intermedius
linea aspera
tibial tuberosity
Extends knee
POSTERIOR THIGH (extensors of the thigh)
(HAMSTRINGS MUSCLE GROUP)
N
Semimembranosus
O
ischial tuberosity
I
medial condyle of tibia
A
extends hip and flexes knee
N
O
I
A
Semitendinosus
ischial tuberosity
tibia
extends hip and flexes knee
N
O
I
A
Biceps femoris
ischial tuberosity
Head of fibula
extends hip and flexes knee
MEDIAL THIGH (all are adductors except Sartorius)
N
Sartorius
9
O
I
A
N
anterior superior iliac spine
tibia
Flexes, abducts and externally rotates hip, flexes knee
O
I
A
Gracilis
Inferior ramus of pubis
tibia
flexes and adducts hip, flexes knee
N
O
I
A
Pectineus
pubis
posterior proximal femur
Flexes, adducts, and internally rotates thigh
N
O
I
A
Adductor longus
Superior ramus of pubis
linea aspera of femur
Adducts, flexes hip
N
O
I
A
Adductor magnus
Inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity
linea aspera of femur
Adducts, flexes hip
MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR LEG
N
O
I
A
Gastrocnemius
medial and lateral condyles of femur
N
Soleus
O
fibula
I
Calcaneus via Achilles tendon
A
Plantarflexes foot
N
O
I
A
N
O
Plantaris
Femur
Calcaneus via Achilles tendon
flexes knee; plantarflexes foot
Calcaneus via Achilles tendon
plantarflexes foot
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Tibia
10
I
A
Distal phalanges, plantar surface
Flexes toes
N
O
I
A
Flexor Digitorum brevis (cadaver only)
Calcaneus
Middle phalanges
Flexes toes
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR LEG
N
Tibialis anterior
O
lateral condyle and shaft of tibia
I
First metatarsal and medial cuneiform
inversion and Dorsiflexion of foot
A
N
O
I
A
Antagonist to Peroneus
muscles
Extensor digitorum longus
Lateral condyle of tibia and shaft of fibula
Distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Extends toes
MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL LEG
N
O
I
A
Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Fibula, head
First metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Eversion and plantarflexion of foot
N
O
I
A
Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
Fibula, shaft
5th metatarsal, styloid process
Eversion and plantarflexion of foot
Antagonist to Tibialis
anterior
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MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR NECK
N
Digastric “two bellies”
O
Mandible and mastoid process
I
hyoid bone
A
Opens mouth and depresses mandible
N
O
I
A
Mylohyoid
Mandible
Hyoid
Elevates hyoid
N
O
I
A
Sternocleidomastoid
manubrium and sternal end of clavicle
mastoid process
Flexes head and rotates neck
N
O
I
A
Sternohyoid
manubrium
hyoid bone
Depresses hyoid and larynx
N
O
I
A
Platysma
Fascia of chest and neck
Mandible and skin on neck
Tenses skin on neck and depresses mandible
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION; (cadaver only)
N
A
Epicranius (Frontalis)
raises eyebrows and pulls scalp posteriorly
N
Levator labii superioris
A
Raises upper lip
N
O
I
A
Zygomaticus (smiling muscle)
Zygomatic bone
Corner of mouth and upper lip
raises corners of mouth
N
Orbicularis oculi
O
orbit
I
Skin around orbit
A
Closes eyelid
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N
O
I
A
Orbicularis oris
Maxilla and mandible
lips
Closes and puckers lips; kissing/whistling muscle
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION (cadaver only)
N
A
Buccinator
Compresses cheek (for whistling and sucking)
N
O
I
A
Masseter
zygomatic arch
angle of mandible
Elevates mandible
N
A
Temporalis
Closes jaw
HISTOLOGY OF MUSCLES
Smooth muscle: Found in organs
Nuclei
Skeletal muscle: moves the skeleton
Nuclei
Striations
Cardiac muscle
Intercalated discs
Nuclei
Striations
Neuromuscular Junction
Axon of motor neuron
Neuromuscular synapse
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
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