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Poetry Notes Mrs. DiSalvo English 9 Poetic Structure: Stanzas Poetic Structure – Stanza: a group of two or more lines forming a unit of poetry; sometimes have the same number of lines, often have the same rhyme scheme and meter • Example: There will come soft rains and the smell of the ground, And swallows circling with their shimmering sound; And frogs in the pools singing at night, And wild plum-trees in tremulous white; Poetic Structure: Rhyme and Rhyme Scheme Poetic Structure (continued) – Rhyme: similar or identical sounds at the ends of two or more words – Rhyme Scheme: the pattern of rhyming lines in a poem; charted by assigning a letter of the alphabet (beginning with “a”) to each line that rhymes • End Rhyme: words rhyme at the ends of lines • Internal Rhyme: words rhyme within the line • Slant (Approximate) Rhyme: words sound identical, but do not rhyme exactly (also called approximate or near rhyme) – Example: other and bother Poetic Structure: Rhyme Scheme (continued) Poetic Structure (continued) – Labeling Rhyme Scheme: But thy eternal summer shall not fade _____ Nor lose possession of that fair though owest; _____ Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade, _____ When in eternal lines to time thou growest. _____ Poetic Structure: Meter and Rhythm Poetic Structure (continued) – Meter: the repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a line of poetry (like the beat of a song) • Foot: a unit of meter with one stressed and one or two unstressed syllables – Rhythm: the flow of sounds created through meter – Lines: • Couplet: 2 lines • Quatrain: 4 lines • Sestet: 6 lines • Octet: 8 lines Poetic Structure and Poetic Forms Poetic Structure (continued) – Speaker: the voice in the poem (like a story’s narrator), but the poet is not always the speaker\ Poetic Forms – Verse Poetry: words are arranged to create a certain effect through rhythm and meter – Blank Verse: unrhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter Poetic Forms Poetic Forms (continued) – Free Verse: doesn’t contain regular patterns of rhyme and meter; flows like everyday speech • Example: What did we say to each other that now we are as deer who walk in single file with heads high… Poetic Forms (continued) Poetic Forms (continued) – Narrative Poetry: a poem that tells a story; has characters, setting, plot, and point of view which combine to develop a theme – Epic: a long narrative poem about the adventures of a hero who represents the ideas and values of a nation Poetic Forms (continued) Poetic Forms (continued) – Lyric Poem: a short poem in which the speaker expresses his/her thoughts and feelings – Sonnet: a lyric poem of 14 lines, commonly written in iambic pentameter Poetic Style: Sound Devices Poetic Style – Sound Devices: – Alliteration: the repetition of initial consonant sounds • Example: Mother whose heart hung humble as a button On the bright splendid shroud of your son, – Assonance: the repetition of identical vowel sounds used to create internal rhyme – Onomatopoeia: words that imitate sounds • Examples: buzz, honk, beep, gargle, etc Poetic Style: Poetic Devices Poetic Style – Poetic Devices: – Diction: a writer’s choice of words and syntax, the order in which words are arranged – Mood: the feeling the writer creates for the reader – Tone: the attitude the writer takes toward a subject; directly influences mood Poetic Devices: Figurative Language Poetic Devices - Figurative Language: language that communicates ideas beyond the literal meanings of the words. – Simile: compares two things using “like” or “as” – Metaphor: compares two things without “like” or “as” – Personification: giving human qualities to objects, animals, or ideas – Hyperbole: truth is exaggerated for emphasis or humorous effect – Understatement: creates emphasis by saying less than what is actually true – Pun: play on words Poetic Devices: Imagery Poetic Devices - Imagery: descriptive words and phrases that are used to appeal to one or more of the reader’s five senses