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Poetry Notes
Mrs. DiSalvo
English 9
Poetic Structure: Stanzas
Poetic Structure
– Stanza: a group of two or more lines forming a
unit of poetry; sometimes have the same
number of lines, often have the same rhyme
scheme and meter
• Example:
There will come soft rains and the smell of the ground,
And swallows circling with their shimmering sound;
And frogs in the pools singing at night,
And wild plum-trees in tremulous white;
Poetic Structure: Rhyme and
Rhyme Scheme
Poetic Structure (continued)
– Rhyme: similar or identical sounds at the ends of two
or more words
– Rhyme Scheme: the pattern of rhyming lines in a
poem; charted by assigning a letter of the alphabet
(beginning with “a”) to each line that rhymes
• End Rhyme: words rhyme at the ends of lines
• Internal Rhyme: words rhyme within the line
• Slant (Approximate) Rhyme: words sound identical, but do
not rhyme exactly (also called approximate or near rhyme)
– Example: other and bother
Poetic Structure: Rhyme Scheme
(continued)
Poetic Structure (continued)
– Labeling Rhyme Scheme:
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
_____
Nor lose possession of that fair though owest;
_____
Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade, _____
When in eternal lines to time thou growest.
_____
Poetic Structure: Meter and
Rhythm
Poetic Structure (continued)
– Meter: the repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a
line of poetry (like the beat of a song)
• Foot: a unit of meter with one stressed and one or
two unstressed syllables
– Rhythm: the flow of sounds created through meter
– Lines:
• Couplet: 2 lines
• Quatrain: 4 lines
• Sestet: 6 lines
• Octet: 8 lines
Poetic Structure and Poetic
Forms
Poetic Structure (continued)
– Speaker: the voice in the poem (like a story’s
narrator), but the poet is not always the speaker\
Poetic Forms
– Verse Poetry: words are arranged to create a certain
effect through rhythm and meter
– Blank Verse: unrhymed poetry written in iambic
pentameter
Poetic Forms
 Poetic Forms (continued)
– Free Verse: doesn’t contain regular patterns of rhyme
and meter; flows like everyday speech
• Example:
What did we say to each other
that now we are as deer
who walk in single file
with heads high…
Poetic Forms (continued)
Poetic Forms (continued)
– Narrative Poetry: a poem that tells a story; has
characters, setting, plot, and point of view
which combine to develop a theme
– Epic: a long narrative poem about the
adventures of a hero who represents the ideas
and values of a nation
Poetic Forms (continued)
Poetic Forms (continued)
– Lyric Poem: a short poem in which the
speaker expresses his/her thoughts and
feelings
– Sonnet: a lyric poem of 14 lines, commonly
written in iambic pentameter
Poetic Style: Sound Devices
Poetic Style – Sound Devices:
– Alliteration: the repetition of initial consonant
sounds
• Example:
Mother whose heart hung humble as a button
On the bright splendid shroud of your son,
– Assonance: the repetition of identical vowel
sounds used to create internal rhyme
– Onomatopoeia: words that imitate sounds
• Examples: buzz, honk, beep, gargle, etc
Poetic Style: Poetic Devices
Poetic Style – Poetic Devices:
– Diction: a writer’s choice of words and syntax,
the order in which words are arranged
– Mood: the feeling the writer creates for the
reader
– Tone: the attitude the writer takes toward a
subject; directly influences mood
Poetic Devices: Figurative
Language
 Poetic Devices - Figurative Language: language
that communicates ideas beyond the literal
meanings of the words.
– Simile: compares two things using “like” or “as”
– Metaphor: compares two things without “like” or “as”
– Personification: giving human qualities to objects,
animals, or ideas
– Hyperbole: truth is exaggerated for emphasis or
humorous effect
– Understatement: creates emphasis by saying less than
what is actually true
– Pun: play on words
Poetic Devices: Imagery
Poetic Devices - Imagery: descriptive
words and phrases that are used to appeal
to one or more of the reader’s five senses