Download Study guide and potential essay questions for Chapter 1

BI 251 Fall
Study guide and potential essay questions for Chapter 1 – Introduction
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Any essay/short answer questions that you will see on an exam covering Chapter 1
will be selected from the list below. The answers to Checkpoint questions are in the
appendix. The Checkpoint questions listed below are fair game for the exam.
You may not be required to answer all parts of multi-part questions (e.g., question 8)
on the actual exam.
Be assured that this material will be covered in either the essay or the multiple
choice portions of the appropriate exam. All material covered or assigned during
lectures (including lab lectures) is fair game for exam questions.
Unless a question asks only for a list, answer all questions in complete sentences.
Part of your grade depends upon your ability to communicate your ideas in a lucid
manner.
Answer each question in enough detail that an intelligent and curious person would
be enlightened and satisfied with your explanation.
Terms
Be familiar with all bold face terms in the portions of the chapter that we covered.
Be able to define and discuss the anatomical/physiological significance of the following:
anabolism, anatomy, autoregulation and extrinsic regulation, catabolism, cell, controlled
variable, controller (integrator), differentiation, effector, error signal, excretion,
extracellular fluid, feedforward information, homeostasis, intercellular fluid, internal
environment, interstitial fluid, intracellular fluid, metabolism, negative feedback, organ
system, organ, organelle, physiology, positive feedback, receptor, responsiveness, set
point, tissue
Questions and concepts
1. List and define five (5) characteristics common to all forms of life.
2. Define the following terms as they relate to levels of biological organization: cell,
tissue, organelle, organ, organ system. (Knowing these definitions is very important.)
3. Define the following terms: homeostasis, negative feedback, positive feedback,
feedforward control.
4. Give an physiological example of a negative feedback control system and clearly
describe how it works.
5. Give an physiological example of a positive feedback control system and clearly
describe how it works.
6. Give an physiological example of a feedforward control mechanism and clearly
describe how it works.
7. Define the term “anatomical position.” Why is this concept useful?
BI 251 Fall
8. Organismal homeostasis depends upon the presence of control systems.
A. Define the term “homeostasis.” (Use the definition I gave you in the lecture.)
B. Clearly describe the role(s) that each of the following elements plays in all control
systems: Controller, Effector, Receptor.
9. Be able to list a function and several major components of each of the organ
systems.
10. Be able to define the directional terms, body cavities and planes of section that we
discussed in lab.
11. Be prepared to answer questions about the lab exercises that were assigned during
the first lab. Topics covered included anatomical position, planes of section, directional
terms, body cavities, organ systems and levels of organization.
12. Be able to answer questions designed to determine whether you read and
understood the syllabus. (No, I’m not asking you to memorize the schedule!)
Checkpoint questions
page 6
8. Describe how anatomy and physiology are closely related.
11. Why is it difficult to separate anatomy from physiology?
page 7
12. Identify [name] the major levels of organization from the simplest to the most
complex.
page 10
17. Why is homeostatic regulation important to an organism?
page 14
22. Define equilibrium.
page 18
24. What is the purpose of anatomical terms?