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2: Country/Economy Profiles Mozambique Key indicators, 2014 GDP (PPP) per capita (int’l $), 1990–2014 Population (millions) ........................................ 26.5 GDP (US$ billions) .......................................... 16.7 GDP per capita (US$) ...................................... 630 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total ............ 0.03 Mozambique 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 140) Score (1–7) Institutions 7 Innovation GCI 2015–2016 .................................................... 133 ..... 3.2 GCI 2014–2015 (out of 144) ................................... 133 ......3.2 GCI 2013–2014 (out of 148) ................................... 137 ......3.3 GCI 2012–2013 (out of 144) ................................... 138 ......3.2 Infrastructure 6 5 Business sophistication Macroeconomic environment 4 3 2 Basic requirements (60.0%) .....................................135 ......3.2 Market size 1st pillar: Institutions ............................................... 126 ......3.2 2nd pillar: Infrastructure .......................................... 126 ......2.4 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .................. 122 ......3.7 4th pillar: Health and primary education ................. 133 ......3.6 Health and primary education 1 Higher education and training Technological readiness Financial market development Efficiency enhancers (35.0%) ...................................132 ......3.2 Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency 5th pillar: Higher education and training ................. 136 ......2.4 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency .......................... 112 ......4.0 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency ............................. 98 ......4.0 8th pillar: Financial market development ................. 126 ......3.0 9th pillar: Technological readiness .......................... 124 ......2.7 10th pillar: Market size............................................ 101 ......3.0 Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa Stage of development Innovation and sophistication factors (5.0%) ...........108 ......3.3 11th pillar: Business sophistication ........................ 120 ......3.4 12th pillar: Innovation ............................................... 83 ......3.2 1 Transition 1–2 Factor driven 2 Transition 2–3 3 Efficiency driven Innovation driven The most problematic factors for doing business Score* Access to financing ...........................................................16.7 Inefficient government bureaucracy ...................................14.9 Corruption .........................................................................14.8 Inadequately educated workforce ........................................7.8 Tax rates..............................................................................6.9 Restrictive labor regulations .................................................6.7 Policy instability ...................................................................6.2 Inadequate supply of infrastructure ......................................5.1 Crime and theft ...................................................................4.2 Complexity of tax regulations...............................................3.6 Poor work ethic in labor force..............................................3.5 Government instability/coups ..............................................2.2 Foreign currency regulations ................................................2.1 Insufficient capacity to innovate ...........................................2.0 Inflation ................................................................................1.7 Poor public health ...............................................................1.6 0 * 5 10 15 20 25 From the list of factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings. 268 | The Global Competitiveness Report 2015–2016 © 2015 World Economic Forum 30 2: Country/Economy Profiles Mozambique The Global Competitiveness Index in detail INDICATOR VALUE RANK/140 INDICATOR 1st pillar: Institutions VALUE RANK/140 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont’d.) 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 Property rights ....................................................... 3.5 ..........116 Intellectual property protection ............................... 3.0 ..........126 Diversion of public funds ........................................ 2.4 ..........123 Public trust in politicians ......................................... 2.6 ............91 Irregular payments and bribes ................................ 3.0 ..........114 Judicial independence............................................ 2.6 ..........122 Favoritism in decisions of government officials ....... 2.6 ..........106 Wastefulness of government spending ................... 2.7 ............94 Burden of government regulation ........................... 3.4 ............75 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes .... 3.3 ............94 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs. ... 2.9 ..........111 Transparency of government policymaking............. 3.5 ..........111 Business costs of terrorism .................................... 4.3 ..........117 Business costs of crime and violence..................... 3.4 ..........118 Organized crime ..................................................... 3.4 ..........125 Reliability of police services .................................... 2.9 ..........124 Ethical behavior of firms ......................................... 3.2 ..........126 Strength of auditing and reporting standards ......... 3.9 ..........111 Efficacy of corporate boards .................................. 4.3 ..........107 Protection of minority shareholders’ interests ......... 3.4 ..........119 Strength of investor protection, 0–10 (best)* .......... 5.2 ............85 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 Quality of overall infrastructure ............................... 2.7 ..........128 Quality of roads ...................................................... 2.3 ..........137 Quality of railroad infrastructure .............................. 2.3 ............82 Quality of port infrastructure ................................... 3.6 ............89 Quality of air transport infrastructure....................... 3.2 ..........116 Available airline seat km/week, millions* ............... 39.8 ..........104 Quality of electricity supply ..................................... 2.9 ..........117 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* ........... 69.7 ..........128 Fixed-telephone lines/100 pop.* ............................. 0.3 ..........135 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 Government budget balance, % GDP*................. –8.4 ..........134 Gross national savings, % GDP* .......................... 12.4 ..........116 Inflation, annual % change* .................................... 2.3 ..............1 General government debt, % GDP* ..................... 55.4 ............90 Country credit rating, 0–100 (best)* ...................... 29.1 ..........107 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.* ........................ 27,774.0 ............69 Business impact of malaria .................................... 3.6 ............62 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.* ..................... 552.0 ..........135 Business impact of tuberculosis ............................. 4.1 ..........122 HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* ............................. 10.8 ..........133 Business impact of HIV/AIDS ................................. 3.6 ..........132 Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* .............. 61.5 ..........131 Life expectancy, years*......................................... 50.2 ..........136 Quality of primary education ................................... 2.1 ..........138 Primary education enrollment, net %* .................. 87.4 ..........111 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* .......... 26.0 ..........139 Tertiary education enrollment, gross %*.................. 5.2 ..........127 Quality of the education system ............................. 2.8 ..........119 Quality of math and science education .................. 2.5 ..........133 Quality of management schools ............................. 2.8 ..........136 Internet access in schools ...................................... 3.1 ..........122 Availability of specialized training services .............. 3.2 ..........129 Extent of staff training ............................................ 3.3 ..........125 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 No. procedures to start a business* .......................... 9 ..........104 No. days to start a business* ............................... 13.0 ............74 Agricultural policy costs.......................................... 3.3 ..........109 Prevalence of non-tariff barriers .............................. 4.2 ............89 Trade tariffs, % duty* .............................................. 7.4 ............87 Prevalence of foreign ownership............................. 4.6 ............63 Business impact of rules on FDI ............................. 4.6 ............60 Burden of customs procedures .............................. 3.5 ..........106 Imports as a percentage of GDP* ........................ 74.2 ............29 Degree of customer orientation .............................. 3.7 ..........126 Buyer sophistication ............................................... 2.8 ..........120 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 Cooperation in labor-employer relations ................. 3.7 ..........123 Flexibility of wage determination ............................. 3.9 ..........125 Hiring and firing practices ....................................... 3.5 ............93 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* .................... 37.5 ..........131 Effect of taxation on incentives to work .................. 3.9 ............60 Pay and productivity............................................... 3.0 ..........129 Reliance on professional management ................... 3.4 ..........124 Country capacity to retain talent............................. 3.5 ............71 Country capacity to attract talent ........................... 3.7 ............51 Women in labor force, ratio to men* ..................... 1.04 ..............2 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 Availability of financial services ............................... 3.7 ..........119 Affordability of financial services ............................. 3.6 ..........117 Financing through local equity market .................... 2.7 ..........116 Ease of access to loans ......................................... 1.9 ..........126 Venture capital availability ....................................... 2.2 ..........116 Soundness of banks .............................................. 4.4 ............95 Regulation of securities exchanges ........................ 3.6 ..........111 Legal rights index, 0–12 (best)* ................................. 1 ..........129 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 Availability of latest technologies ............................ 3.9 ..........118 Firm-level technology absorption ............................ 4.2 ............99 FDI and technology transfer ................................... 4.2 ............82 Individuals using Internet, %* ................................. 5.9 ..........129 Fixed-broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* .. 0.0 ..........134 Int’l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user* .................. 7.8 ..........108 Mobile-broadband subscriptions/100 pop.* ........... 3.0 ..........130 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 Domestic market size index, 1–7 (best)*................. 2.8 ............97 Foreign market size index, 1–7 (best)* .................... 3.6 ..........109 GDP (PPP$ billions)* ............................................ 31.1 ..........108 Exports as a percentage of GDP* ........................ 35.2 ............79 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 Local supplier quantity ........................................... 3.9 ..........120 Local supplier quality.............................................. 3.3 ..........132 State of cluster development.................................. 3.5 ............92 Nature of competitive advantage ............................ 2.8 ..........117 Value chain breadth................................................ 3.3 ..........117 Control of international distribution ......................... 3.3 ..........105 Production process sophistication.......................... 3.0 ..........120 Extent of marketing ................................................ 4.0 ............95 Willingness to delegate authority ............................ 3.2 ..........119 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 Capacity for innovation........................................... 3.5 ..........110 Quality of scientific research institutions ................. 3.0 ..........109 Company spending on R&D................................... 3.0 ............89 University-industry collaboration in R&D ................. 3.3 ............89 Gov’t procurement of advanced tech products ...... 3.3 ............73 Availability of scientists and engineers .................... 3.1 ..........124 PCT patents, applications/million pop.* .................. n/a ...........n/a 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 8th pillar: Financial market development 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 4th pillar: Health and primary education 5th pillar: Higher education and training 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 Intensity of local competition .................................. 4.6 ..........108 Extent of market dominance .................................. 3.3 ..........100 Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy ..................... 3.1 ..........123 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest................. 3.5 ............82 Total tax rate, % profits* ....................................... 36.6 ............68 9th pillar: Technological readiness 10th pillar: Market size 11th pillar: Business sophistication 12th pillar: Innovation Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles” on page 89. © 2015 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2015–2016 | 269