Download monocot vs. dicot

Plant Structure
Adonis, a Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii) growing in the highlands of northern
Greece has been dendrocronologically dated to be more than 1075 years old.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160819114224.htm
Botany in the News
Can you guess how many trees are on Earth?
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/many-trees-earth/
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/1509021349
41.htm
 The basic morphology of plants reflects that plants
draw resources from two very different environments:
the soil and the air.
 Plants have evolved two systems: a subterranean root
system to obtain water and minerals from the soil and
an aerial shoot system of stems and leaves used to
transform light into chemical energy (food).
 The root system anchors the plant in the soil, absorbs
minerals and water, and stores food.
 The shoot systems consists of stems and leaves. And
they may be vegetative (leaf bearing) or reproductive
(flower bearing).
Plant Systematics
and
Classification
A. Plants without true vascular
tissue...................Bryophytes (mosses)
A'. Plants with vascular tissues (xylem and
phloem)...................... B
B. Plants without seeds ...............................Ferns and
club mosses
B'. Plants with
seeds......................................................................C
C. Plants without .................Gymnosperms (conifers and
evergreens)
KINGDOM PLANTAE
• EVOLUTIONARY TREE OF PLANTS
• FROM PRIMITIVE ADVANCED TRAITS
Bryophytes
Ferns
Gymnosperms
Flowers
Seeds 
Green
alga
ancestor
Vascular 
Terrestrial 
Angiosperms
A. Plants without true vascular tissue...................Bryophytes
(mosses)
A'. Plants with vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)...................... B
A'. Plants with vascular tissues (xylem and phloem).... B
B. Plants without seeds ..Ferns and club mosses
(pteridophyta)
B'. Plants with seeds............................C
C. Plants without flowers ........Gymnosperms (conifers and evergreens)
• There are between 700 and 900 species of gymnosperms
• Gymnosperms have major economic uses. Pine, fir, spruce, and
cedar are all examples of conifers that are used for lumber.
Lumber is
used for
construction
and paper
making.
• Gymnosperms are also very important
ecologically as they provide food and shelter for
numerous animals and insects. Gymnosperms
prevent soil erosion in forests and are important
in the fight against climate change as they help
reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.
• Some other common uses for gymnosperms are
soap, varnish, nail polish, paints, and perfumes.
C'. Flowering Plants............ Angiosperms (Anthophyta)
D. Magnoliopsida (DICOTS)
D'. Liliopsida (MONOCOTS)
• With about 250,000 known species, the angiosperms are by
far the most diverse and widespread group of land plants.
• As primary producers, flowering plants are at the base of the
food web of nearly every terrestrial ecosystem.
• Most land animals, including humans, depend on plants
directly or indirectly for sustenance.
MONOCOT VS. DICOT
• Angiosperms are divided into monocots and
dicots
• As the zygote grows into the embryo, the first
leaves of the young body develop and are
referred as cotyledons (seed leaves)
• Monocots have one cotyledon; include corn,
lily, etc.
• Dicots have two cotyledons; bean oak, etc.
MONOCOT VS. DICOT
• NUMBER OF COTYLEDONS: ONE VS.
TWO
MONOCOT VS. DICOT
• LEAF VENATION PATTERN:
• MONOCOT IS PARALLEL
• DICOT IS NET PATTERN
MONOCOT VS. DICOT
• MONOCOT: FIBROUS ROOT
• DICOT: TAP ROOT
MONOCOT VS. DICOT
• FLOWER PARTS:
• MONOCOT: IN GROUPS OF THREE
• DICOT: IN GROUPS OF FOUR OR FIVE
MONOCOT VS. DICOT
• VASCULAR BUNDLE POSITION
• MONOCOT: SCATTERED
• DICOT: ARRANGED IN A CIRCLE
MONOCOT VS. DICOT
• STEM TYPE:
• MONOCOT: HERBACEOUS
• DICOT: HERBACEOUS OR WOODY
SUMMARY: MONOCOT VS. DICOT
COMPARING MONOCOT VS. DICOT PLANTS
FEATURE
MONOCOTS
DICOTS
1
2
Leaf venation
parallel
broad
Root system
Fibrous
Tap
In 3’s
In 4’s or 5’s
Scattered
Arranged in a
circle
Either
Cotyledons
Number of
floral parts
Vascular bundle
position
Woody or
herbaceous
Herbaceous
REVIEW: WHAT IS A SPECIES?
Species: a set of individuals that are closely
related by descent from a common ancestor
and ordinarily can reproduce with each other,
but not with members of any other species.
Biological species: group of interbreeding
populations. Offspring are fertile.
REVIEW: SPECIES NAME
Each species has a single correct scientific name in latin
called a binomial (two names) – it is always italicized or
underlined.
First name is genus name.
Second name is species name
Human: homo sapiens
Cat:
felis catus
Dog: canis familiaris
wolf: canis lupus
If two species belong to the same genus,
they have a common ancestor. How close
they are related depends on how long they
have become independent species.
the evolution of the different members of the onion family is a good
example.
REVIEW: EXAMPLES
GENUS OF MAPLE TREES IS ACER
IT HAS MANY SPECIES INCLUDING:
COMMON NAME
“RED MAPLE”
SCIENTIFIC NAME
ACER RUBRUM
“SUGAR MAPLE”
ACER SACCHARUM
“BLACK MAPLE”
ACER NIGRUM
REVIEW: TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY
• species that have many characteristics in common are grouped
into a genus.
• related genera that share combinations of traits are grouped into
families.
• families are grouped into orders.
• orders into classes
• classes into divisions (or phyla for animals)
• related divisions/phyla are grouped into kingdoms