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G LANGUAGE POWER NOW Preview Material Table of Contents Work with Vocabulary 26. Recognize Clauses: Adjective Clauses ......... 46 Section Opener......................................................... 5 27. Recognize Clauses: Adverb Clauses ............. 47 1. Use a Similar Word: Synonyms........................ 6 28. Edit Sentences: Sentence Fragments........... 48 2. Use the Opposite Word: Antonyms ................. 8 29. Edit Sentences: Comma Splices ................... 50 3. Choose the Correct Spelling: Homophones ................................................... 9 Section Review ....................................................... 52 4. Expand Your Vocabulary: Root Words ........... 11 Know Capitalization and Punctuation 5. Understand Word Beginnings: Prefixes ........ 12 Section Opener ....................................................... 56 6. Understand Word Endings: Suffixes .............. 13 30. Use Capitals: A Variety of Capitalization ............................ 57 7. Combine Two Words: Contractions ............... 14 31. Shorten Place Names: Abbreviations........... 58 8. Mind Your Meaning: Denotation and Connotation ........................ 15 32. Know the Difference: Abbreviations.............. 59 9.Show, Don’t Tell: Descriptive Words ............. 16 33. Set Off Appositives: Commas....................... 60 10. Use Informal and Formal Language ............ 18 34. Punctuate Dialogue: Quotation Marks .......... 62 11. Use Variety: Literary Devices ........................ 20 35. Show Possession: Apostrophes .................... 64 Section Review........................................................ 22 36. Separate Items in Lists: Semicolons............. 65 37. Introduce a Quotation: Colons ....................... 67 Build Sentences Section Opener ....................................................... 26 12. Use Variety: Types of Sentences ................... 27 38. Add Less Important Information: Parentheses ................................................... 68 13. Use Variety: Varying Sentence Length ......... 29 39. Guide Readers: A Variety of Punctuation ............................... 69 14. Combine Sentences: Compound Sentences.................................. 30 Section Review ....................................................... 71 15. Expand Sentences: Adding Details ............... 31 Grasp Grammar and Usage 16. Edit Sentences: Run-On Sentences .............. 32 Section Opener ....................................................... 75 17. Know Complete Subjects and Predicates ............................................... 33 40. Name the Person, Place, Thing, or Idea: Nouns ..................................... 76 18. Identify Who or What: Simple Subjects ......... 35 19. Identify the Action: Simple Predicates .......... 36 41. Show Ownership: Singular Possessive Nouns ......................... 78 20. Identify Who or What: Compound Subjects ................................... 37 42. Show Group Ownership: Plural Possessive Nouns ............................. 79 21. Identify the Action: Compound Predicates................................. 38 43. Make Irregular Plural Nouns Possessive......................................... 80 22.Understand Compound Subjects and Predicates............................................. 39 23. Identify Sentence Parts: Direct and Indirect Objects..........................40 24. Recognize Independent and Subordinate Clauses............................. 42 25. Combine Sentences: Complex Sentences ...................................... 44 NEL LPN_Book_G_Batch_1_P1.indd 3 44. Use Concrete and Abstract Nouns.............................................. 81 45. Identify a Variety of Verbs .............................. 82 46. Provide More Information: Verb Phrases .................................................. 84 47. Show When an Action Happens: Verb Tenses .................................................... 86 Preview Material 3 02/11/15 7:06 PM 48. Make the Past Tense: Irregular Verbs ............ 88 49. Use Present Perfect and Past Perfect Tenses ...................................... 89 75. Create a Persuasion Map: Organizing Ideas ......................................... 126 76. Lead with a Statistic: Strong Openings ....... 127 50. Match the Numbers: Subject-Verb Agreement .............................. 91 77. Weave Setting into the Action: Writing Details ............................................. 129 51. Match the Subject: Linking Verb Agreement ..................................................... 93 78. Back Up Your Argument: Supporting Details ...................................... 131 52. Understand Active and Passive Voice.......... 94 79. Order by Importance: Arranging Details ......................................... 133 53. Replace Subject Nouns: Subject Pronouns .......................................... 96 54. Replace Object Nouns: Object Pronouns............................................ 97 55. Show Ownership: Possessive Pronouns ...... 98 56. Use Indefinite Pronouns................................ 99 57. Avoid Repetition: Pronouns ......................... 100 58. Make Pronouns and Antecedents Agree .............................. 102 59. Use a Variety of Pronouns and Antecedents ......................................... 103 60. Write Descriptive Words: Adjectives ............ 104 61. Make Comparisons: Adjectives ................... 106 80. Add Emotion and Realism: Writing Dialogue .......................................... 134 81. Make Language Concise: Avoiding Wordiness..................................... 136 82. Restate Your Argument: Strong Conclusions ..................................... 138 83. Catch Your Readers’ Attention: Effective Titles ............................................. 140 84. Remove Unnecessary Words: Revising ........................................................ 141 85. Correct All Errors: Editing ............................. 143 Section Review ..................................................... 145 62. Describe Actions: Adverbs ........................... 107 Develop Research Skills 63. Write Descriptively: Adjectives and Adverbs .............................. 108 Section Opener ..................................................... 149 64. Show Relationships: Prepositions ............... 109 86. Decide What to Research: Inquiry Questions ........................................ 150 65. Describe a Noun: Prepositional Phrases..................................110 87. Improve Your Vocabulary: Researching Words ..................................... 152 66. Describe a Noun: Participle Phrases .......... 111 67. Be Clear: Misplaced Modifiers .................... 112 88. Conduct Online Research: Keywords ..................................................... 153 68. Be Clear: Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers ............ 113 89. Evaluate Bias: Primary and Secondary Sources ............... 155 69. Use Joining Words: Correlative Conjunctions............................ 114 90. Research Online: Evaluating Websites .................................... 156 70. Express Emotions: Interjections .................. 115 91. Understand Digital Footprints ..................... 157 71. Avoid Double Negatives............................. 116 92. Use Creative Commons Material............... 158 Section Review...................................................... 117 93. Credit Your Sources: Citing Research........................................... 159 Craft and Compose Section Opener ..................................................... 121 94. Keep a Working Bibliography: Research Notes ........................................... 160 72. Write to Persuade Others: Choosing a Topic........................................ 122 95. Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Quoting........................ 162 73. Link Purpose, Voice, and Form: Purpose and Audience ................................ 124 Section Review ..................................................... 164 74. Make a Claim: Effective Theses .......................................... 125 4 Table of Contents LPN_Book_G_Batch_1_P1.indd 4 Index ..................................................................... 168 Preview Material NEL 02/11/15 7:06 PM Sample Lesson: Level G (Grade 9) LESSON 8 SHOW POSSESSION: APOSTROPHES When you want to show possession or ownership, follow these rules for apostrophes (’): l For singular nouns (including those ending in s), add apostrophe + s. For example: my sister’s car means “the car belonging to my sister” l For plural nouns ending in s, add only an apostrophe. For example: my sisters’ car means “the car belonging to several of my sisters” l For plural nouns not ending in s, add apostrophe + s. For example: the women’s car means “the car belonging to several women” For two or more nouns that own something together, make only the last noun possessive. For example: my brother and sister’s car means “the car belonging to my brother and sister” l For two or more nouns that each owns something separately, make each of the nouns possessive. For example: my brother’s and sister’s cars means “the car that belongs to my brother and the car that belongs to my sister” l A. For each scenario below, underline the answer that uses apostrophes correctly. 1. My mom and dad each own a bicycle. 2. The children share a scooter. a) My mom’s and dad’s bicycles. a) The childrens’ scooters. b) My mom and dad’s bicycle. b) The children’s scooter. B. Explain the meaning of each phrase below, based on the placement of the apostrophes. 1. My friends’ cottage: 2. My friend’s cottage: 3. My friends’ cottages: The cottage belongs to several friends The cottage belongs to one friend Their are several cottages and they belong to several friends C. Write a sentence about camping that shows a possessive relationship between each pair of words below. 1. tent / pole: When we went camping, we had trouble keeping the tent’s pole in the ground. 2. canoes / paddles: When the storm came, all of the canoes’ paddles got blown into the lake. D. Find a partner and write two new sentences using the word pairs in Exercise C. Know Capitalization and Punctuation 12 Preview Material Application exercises encourage students to use real-world texts, their peers, and their own portfolios to deepen their learning. NEL Sample Section Opener The openers introduce the section concepts. They also provide fun and relatable examples to demonstrate the importance of the skills covered in the section. Develop Research SkIlls Research is not just what you do to find an answer. Research is an essential part of learning and an important part of the writing process. The methods you use for your research will affect the quality of the information you get, whether you are researching the parts of a plant to label a diagram in a science report or a historical time period to make a story character’s dialogue more realistic. Good information makes good writing: what you put in, you get out. In this section, you will learn about the skills that make an effective researcher. “Research is formalized curiosity. It is poking and prying with a purpose.” — Zora Neale Hurston NEL page_13_research_skill_intro.indd 133 Preview Material Develop Research Skills 133 7/10/15 10:15 AM 13