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G
LANGUAGE
POWER
NOW
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Table of Contents
Work with Vocabulary
26. Recognize Clauses: Adjective Clauses ......... 46
Section Opener......................................................... 5
27. Recognize Clauses: Adverb Clauses ............. 47
1. Use a Similar Word: Synonyms........................ 6
28. Edit Sentences: Sentence Fragments........... 48
2. Use the Opposite Word: Antonyms ................. 8
29. Edit Sentences: Comma Splices ................... 50
3. Choose the Correct Spelling:
Homophones ................................................... 9
Section Review ....................................................... 52
4. Expand Your Vocabulary: Root Words ........... 11
Know Capitalization and Punctuation
5. Understand Word Beginnings: Prefixes ........ 12
Section Opener ....................................................... 56
6. Understand Word Endings: Suffixes .............. 13
30. Use Capitals:
A Variety of Capitalization ............................ 57
7. Combine Two Words: Contractions ............... 14
31. Shorten Place Names: Abbreviations........... 58
8. Mind Your Meaning:
Denotation and Connotation ........................ 15
32. Know the Difference: Abbreviations.............. 59
9.Show, Don’t Tell: Descriptive Words ............. 16
33. Set Off Appositives: Commas....................... 60
10. Use Informal and Formal Language ............ 18
34. Punctuate Dialogue: Quotation Marks .......... 62
11. Use Variety: Literary Devices ........................ 20
35. Show Possession: Apostrophes .................... 64
Section Review........................................................ 22
36. Separate Items in Lists: Semicolons............. 65
37. Introduce a Quotation: Colons ....................... 67
Build Sentences
Section Opener ....................................................... 26
12. Use Variety: Types of Sentences ................... 27
38. Add Less Important Information:
Parentheses ................................................... 68
13. Use Variety: Varying Sentence Length ......... 29
39. Guide Readers:
A Variety of Punctuation ............................... 69
14. Combine Sentences:
Compound Sentences.................................. 30
Section Review ....................................................... 71
15. Expand Sentences: Adding Details ............... 31
Grasp Grammar and Usage
16. Edit Sentences: Run-On Sentences .............. 32
Section Opener ....................................................... 75
17. Know Complete Subjects
and Predicates ............................................... 33
40. Name the Person, Place,
Thing, or Idea: Nouns ..................................... 76
18. Identify Who or What: Simple Subjects ......... 35
19. Identify the Action: Simple Predicates .......... 36
41. Show Ownership:
Singular Possessive Nouns ......................... 78
20. Identify Who or What:
Compound Subjects ................................... 37
42. Show Group Ownership:
Plural Possessive Nouns ............................. 79
21. Identify the Action:
Compound Predicates................................. 38
43. Make Irregular Plural
Nouns Possessive......................................... 80
22.Understand Compound Subjects
and Predicates............................................. 39
23. Identify Sentence Parts:
Direct and Indirect Objects..........................40
24. Recognize Independent
and Subordinate Clauses............................. 42
25. Combine Sentences:
Complex Sentences ...................................... 44
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44. Use Concrete and
Abstract Nouns.............................................. 81
45. Identify a Variety of Verbs .............................. 82
46. Provide More Information:
Verb Phrases .................................................. 84
47. Show When an Action Happens:
Verb Tenses .................................................... 86
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48. Make the Past Tense: Irregular Verbs ............ 88
49. Use Present Perfect and
Past Perfect Tenses ...................................... 89
75. Create a Persuasion Map:
Organizing Ideas ......................................... 126
76. Lead with a Statistic: Strong Openings ....... 127
50. Match the Numbers:
Subject-Verb Agreement .............................. 91
77. Weave Setting into the Action:
Writing Details ............................................. 129
51. Match the Subject: Linking Verb
Agreement ..................................................... 93
78. Back Up Your Argument:
Supporting Details ...................................... 131
52. Understand Active and Passive Voice.......... 94
79. Order by Importance:
Arranging Details ......................................... 133
53. Replace Subject Nouns:
Subject Pronouns .......................................... 96
54. Replace Object Nouns:
Object Pronouns............................................ 97
55. Show Ownership: Possessive Pronouns ...... 98
56. Use Indefinite Pronouns................................ 99
57. Avoid Repetition: Pronouns ......................... 100
58. Make Pronouns
and Antecedents Agree .............................. 102
59. Use a Variety of Pronouns
and Antecedents ......................................... 103
60. Write Descriptive Words: Adjectives ............ 104
61. Make Comparisons: Adjectives ................... 106
80. Add Emotion and Realism:
Writing Dialogue .......................................... 134
81. Make Language Concise:
Avoiding Wordiness..................................... 136
82. Restate Your Argument:
Strong Conclusions ..................................... 138
83. Catch Your Readers’ Attention:
Effective Titles ............................................. 140
84. Remove Unnecessary Words:
Revising ........................................................ 141
85. Correct All Errors: Editing ............................. 143
Section Review ..................................................... 145
62. Describe Actions: Adverbs ........................... 107
Develop Research Skills
63. Write Descriptively:
Adjectives and Adverbs .............................. 108
Section Opener ..................................................... 149
64. Show Relationships: Prepositions ............... 109
86. Decide What to Research:
Inquiry Questions ........................................ 150
65. Describe a Noun:
Prepositional Phrases..................................110
87. Improve Your Vocabulary:
Researching Words ..................................... 152
66. Describe a Noun: Participle Phrases .......... 111
67. Be Clear: Misplaced Modifiers .................... 112
88. Conduct Online Research:
Keywords ..................................................... 153
68. Be Clear:
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers ............ 113
89. Evaluate Bias:
Primary and Secondary Sources ............... 155
69. Use Joining Words:
Correlative Conjunctions............................ 114
90. Research Online:
Evaluating Websites .................................... 156
70. Express Emotions: Interjections .................. 115
91. Understand Digital Footprints ..................... 157
71. Avoid Double Negatives............................. 116
92. Use Creative Commons Material............... 158
Section Review...................................................... 117
93. Credit Your Sources:
Citing Research........................................... 159
Craft and Compose
Section Opener ..................................................... 121
94. Keep a Working Bibliography:
Research Notes ........................................... 160
72. Write to Persuade Others:
Choosing a Topic........................................ 122
95. Paraphrasing,
Summarizing, and Quoting........................ 162
73. Link Purpose, Voice, and Form:
Purpose and Audience ................................ 124
Section Review ..................................................... 164
74. Make a Claim:
Effective Theses .......................................... 125
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Index ..................................................................... 168
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Sample Lesson: Level G
(Grade 9)
LESSON
8
SHOW POSSESSION:
APOSTROPHES
When you want to show possession or ownership, follow these rules for apostrophes (’):
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For singular nouns (including those ending in s), add apostrophe + s.
For example: my sister’s car means “the car belonging to my sister”
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For plural nouns ending in s, add only an apostrophe.
For example: my sisters’ car means “the car belonging to several of my sisters”
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For plural nouns not ending in s, add apostrophe + s.
For example: the women’s car means “the car belonging to several women”
For two or more nouns that own something together, make only the last
noun possessive.
For example: my brother and sister’s car means “the car belonging to my
brother and sister”
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For two or more nouns that each owns something separately, make each
of the nouns possessive.
For example: my brother’s and sister’s cars means “the car that belongs to my
brother and the car that belongs to my sister”
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A. For each scenario below, underline the answer that uses apostrophes correctly.
1. My mom and dad each own a bicycle.
2. The children share a scooter.
a) My mom’s and dad’s bicycles.
a) The childrens’ scooters.
b) My mom and dad’s bicycle.
b) The children’s scooter.
B. Explain the meaning of each phrase below, based on the placement of
the apostrophes.
1. My friends’ cottage:
2. My friend’s cottage:
3. My friends’ cottages:
The cottage belongs to several friends
The cottage belongs to one friend
Their are several cottages and they belong to several friends
C. Write a sentence about camping that shows a possessive relationship between each
pair of words below.
1. tent / pole:
When we went camping, we had trouble keeping the tent’s pole
in the ground.
2. canoes / paddles:
When the storm came, all of the canoes’ paddles got blown
into the lake.
D. Find a partner and write two new sentences using the word pairs in Exercise C.
Know Capitalization and Punctuation
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Application
exercises
encourage
students to use
real-world texts,
their peers,
and their own
portfolios to
deepen their
learning.
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Sample Section Opener
The openers introduce the section concepts. They also provide fun and relatable examples to demonstrate the
importance of the skills covered in the section.
Develop
Research
SkIlls
Research is not just what you do to find an answer.
Research is an essential part of learning and an
important part of the writing process.
The methods you use for your research will affect
the quality of the information you get, whether
you are researching the parts of a plant to label
a diagram in a science report or a historical time
period to make a story character’s dialogue more
realistic. Good information makes good writing:
what you put in, you get out.
In this section, you will learn about the skills that
make an effective researcher.
“Research is formalized curiosity. It is poking
and prying with a purpose.”
— Zora Neale Hurston
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Develop Research Skills
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