Download Unit 9: Sectionalism Test Study Guide

Unit 9: Sectionalism
Test Study Guide
Identify MAJOR ERAS AND EVENTS IN U.S. HISTORY THROUGH 1877 Describe CAUSE AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR ERAS
AND EVENTS IN U.S. HISTORY THROUGH 1877 Including:







Sectionalism
Protective tariffs
Increasing divide between North and South
Manufacturing society vs. plantation society
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Missouri Compromise
Wilmot Proviso
Analyze IMPACT OF TARIFF POLICIES ON SECTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR Including: North,
South, and West (backed government spending on internal improvements such as new roads and canals, which were
financed by tariffs)
Compare EFFECTS OF POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL FACTORS ON SLAVES AND FREE BLACKS Including:
Sectionalism



Political - Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850
Economic - Southern plantation system, Northern industrial economy
Social - Religion drew enslaved people together among plantations; communicated through spirituals
Racism develops in both the North and South; South perpetuates racism to a greater extent
Analyze IMPACT OF SLAVERY ON DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES Including: Sectionalism



Impact of slavery in the North
o By 1804 slavery had been outlawed by all states north of the Ohio River
o Abolitionist societies, newspapers and Underground Railroad developed to advocate outlawing
slavery
o Many were ambivalent to the plight of enslaved/free African Americans
Impact of slavery in the South
o Enslaved people were viewed as property and labor supply
o Maintain way of life based on slavery was important
o Slavery was considered a state’s right issue
o Fugitive Slave Law allowed Southern slaveholders to capture enslaved people who had escaped to
the North.
Impact of slavery in the West
o Fighting broke out in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups after the passage of the
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
o Maintain balance of free versus slavery state in the Senate
Identify PROVISIONS AND COMPARE THE EFFECTS OF CONGRESSIONAL CONFLICTS AND COMPROMISES PRIOR TO
THE CIVIL WAR Including: Missouri Compromise, Nullification Crisis, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, John
C. Calhoun, Henry Clay, Daniel Webster
Locate PLACES AND REGIONS OF IMPORTANCE IN THE UNITED STATES DURING THE 17th, 18th, and 19th CENTURIES
Including: Sectionalism - Regionally divided into North, South, and West Compare PLACES AND REGIONS OF THE
UNITED STATES IN TERMS OF PHYSICAL AND HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS Including: Sectionalism



By the mid-1800s industrialization and urbanization characterized the North; factories, railroads
were common human geographic features
By the mid-1800s the South was characterized by the plantation economy that primarily
produced cotton; lacked railroads, factories and schools
By the mid-1800s the West had opened to settlement with the construction of roads, and
canals; economy was based on agricultural production
Analyze PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND INFLUENCE ON POPULATION DISTRIBUTION,
SETTLEMENT PATTERNS, AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES DURING THE 17TH, 18TH, AND 19TH
CENTURIES Including: Sectionalism


South – good soil, small population; few cities; and economic activities focused on agricultural
North – good port areas, a variety of resources, large population, many cities, and a variety of economic
actives
Identify ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES AMONG DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE UNITED STATES Including: Sectionalism


North – manufacturing and industry
South – agriculture
Explain CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES ARISING OVER THE ISSUE OF STATES' RIGHT Including: Nullification Crisis and states’
rights
Identify, Analyze ORIGIN OF JUDICIAL REVIEW AND EXAMPLES OF CONGRESSIONAL AND PRESIDENTIAL RESPONSES
Including:


Congressional Response: The Missouri Compromise (1820) which included provisions to ban slavery in some
federal territories was eventually overturned by the Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) decision during the Taney
court. The legislature responded with the expansion of citizenship to African Americans through the 14th
amendment (1865).
Presidential Response: In Ex parte Merryman (1866), the Taney court ruled that President Lincoln’s
suspension of habeas corpus was unconstitutional. Lincoln acted without congressional approval. Lincoln
defended his authorization for the suspension of habeas corpus primarily because the nation was at war.
Congress enacted the Habeas Corpus Suspension Act (1863) which authorized the suspension of habeas
corpus and relieved the president from being held liable for acting without congressional approval.
Evaluate IMPACT OF SELECTED LANDMARK SUPREME COURT DECISIONS ON LIFE IN THE UNITED STATES Including:
Dred Scott v. Sandford decision Summarize HISTORICAL EVENTS IN WHICH COMPROMISE RESULTED IN A PEACEFUL
RESOLUTION Including: Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850