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Digestive System 5th Hour Group PAIGE Include the following on your slide: Name of organ Description of structure Function of organ Identify if there is mechanical &/or chemical digestion occurring Picture of the organ Identify any secretions produced Function of secretions Mouth external opening, a hollow cavity, located along the body’s midline inferior to the nose and superior to the chin Chewing breaks the food into pieces that are more easily digested saliva mixes with food to begin the process of breaking it down into a form your body can absorb and use. Mechanical digestion occurs(chewing) Chemical Digestion(Saliva-Amylase) Saliva is the secretion produced Pharynx Function- serves as a pathway for food from the mouth to the esophagus Structure- Contains three regions- nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx No mechanical or chemical digestion No secretions except for mucus Esophagus Connects the throat to the stomach Carries food, liquids, and saliva from the mouth to the stomach Mechanical digestion occurs Mucus is secreted Stomach -Crescent shaped organ lined with mucous cells -Stores food while it is being mixed with enzymes to break down food -Chemical and mechanical breakdown occurs -Produces gastric juice which is a mixture of mucus, hydrochloric acid, and digestive enzymes including pepsinogen which breaks down proteins -The gastric juices secrete enzymes for the breakdown of proteins, Hydrochloric acid activates pepsinogen, which helps digestion by breaking the bonds linking amino acids, process called proteolysis Small Intestine Partially digested food, or chyme, from the stomach is mixed with bile from the liver and pancreatic juice from the pancreas to complete its digestion in the duodenum. serves as the primary site of nutrient absorption small intestine secrete digestive enzymes that chemically break down complex food molecules into simpler ones. Secretes motilin, secretion, CCK -- function was completing the digestion of peptides, carbohydrates & fats Large Intestine Part of the final stages of digestion Wraps around the border of the abdominal body cavity The function of the large intestine is to get rid of food left over after the nutrients are removed from it, bacteria, and other waste Converts food into feces, absorbing essential vitamins produced by gut bacteria Chemical digestion Salivary Gland There are three salivary glands: There are two parotid glands near the ear which are the largest salivary glands, the sublingual gland is under the tongue, the submandibular gland is in the shape of a “U”. It is under the chin bone which is called the mandible. The salivary glands produce saliva, which keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system moist. It also helps break down carbohydrates and lubricates the passage of food down from the oro-pharynx to the esophagus to the stomach. Chemical digestion Secretes saliva, which is formed of several things including amylase, a digestive enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose and glucose. Saliva moistens food and helps to create a food bolus. Liver - A large organ that sits above the stomach - The liver processes nutrients absorbed by the small intestine - Detoxifies chemicals and makes proteins - Aids in chemical digestion - Secretes digestive enzymes - Digestive enzymes that continue the breakdown of food in the digestive system Gallbladder Small in size, inferior and posterior to the liver Hold bile produced in the liver until it is needed for digesting fatty foods Chemical digestion Secretes bile into the duodenum to aid in the digestion of chyme Pancreas Long and flat gland Enzymes break down food, releases juices directly into bloodstream Chemical digestion Insulin & glucagon Maintain proper level of blood sugar.
