Download Blood Type Genetics

Question of the Day!
What are your academic goals for
the end of this semester?
How are you going to accomplish
these goals?
Blood Type Genetics
Mr. Nichols Esquire
PHHS
What’s in Blood?
Obviously blood is essential to human life, but what is
it made of?
Red Blood Cells, Plasma, White Blood Cells, Platelets.
Red Blood Cells: 40-50%
White Blood Cells: 1%
Plasma: 59-60%
Platelets: 0.001%
Facts About Blood
Normally, 7-8% of human body weight is from
blood. In adults, this amounts to 4.5-6 quarts of
blood.
The red cells are produced continuously in our bone
marrow from stem cells at a rate of about 2-3 million
cells per second.
Each red blood cell has about 270,000,000 iron-rich
hemoglobin molecules.
It is likely that plasma contains some of every protein
produced by the body--approximately 500 have been
identified in human plasma so far.
What is blood made up of?
Red blood cells (RBCs) contain hemoglobin, a
protein that binds oxygen. RBCs transport
oxygen to, and remove carbon dioxide from the
tissues.
The white blood cells include T-Cells, B-Cells
and other immune system cells that help fight
infections and maintain homeostasis.
The platelets help the blood to clot, if you get
a wound for example.
The plasma contains salts and various kinds of
proteins, made of ~96-98% H2O.
What are the different blood types?
•The differences in human blood are due to the
presence or absence of certain protein molecules
called antigens and antibodies.
•The antigens are located on the surface of the
RBCs and the antibodies are in the blood
plasma.
•Individuals have different types and
combinations of these molecules.
•The blood type you belong to depends on what
you have inherited from your parents.
ABO blood grouping system
According to the ABO blood
typing system there are four
different kinds of blood types:
A, B, AB or O.
The Bad News:
Agglutination- Clumping of Blood
cells.
ABO blood grouping system
Blood group A
If you belong to the blood
group A, you have A antigens
on the surface of your RBCs
and B antibodies in your
blood plasma.
Blood group B
If you belong to the blood
group B, you have B antigens
on the surface of your RBCs
and A antibodies in your
blood plasma.
Blood group AB
If you belong to the blood group
AB, you have both A and B antigens
on the surface of your RBCs and no
A or B antibodies at all in your
blood plasma.
Blood group O
If you belong to the blood group O (null),
you have neither A or B antigens on the
surface of your RBCs but you have both A
and B antibodies in your blood plasma.
Genotypes of Different Blood Types
Type A- IAIA or IAi
Type B- IBIB or IBi
Type AB- IAIB
Type O- ii
Punnett Squares with Blood Types
Cross a Parent with Homozygous A blood with a Parent with Type O
blood.
Cross a Parent with Heterozygous B blood with a Parent with Type AB
blood.
On a recent episode of the Maury show a mother accused two different
men of possibly being the father of their infant son. The mother has
type A blood, the first man has type O blood, the other has type B
blood. The baby has type O blood, which man is the most likely the
father of the baby?
Why can’t blood typing be used to PROVE paternity only rule parents
in or out?
Blood Type Genetics
Mr. Nichols Esquire
PHHS
Cartoon of the Day!
• How to Determine your Blood Type
When RBCs carrying one or both antigens are exposed to the
corresponding antibodies, they agglutinate; that is, clump
together.
Human RBC before (left) and after (right) adding serum
containing anti-A antibodies. The agglutination reaction reveals
the presence of the A antigen on the surface of the cells.
Blood transfusions – who can
receive blood from
whom?
People with blood group O
are called "universal
donors" and people with
blood group AB are called
"universal receivers."
Blood
Group
AB
A
B
O
Antigens
Antibodies
Can give
blood to
Can receive
blood from
Blood
Group
Antigens
Antibodies
Can give
blood to
Can receive
blood from
AB
A and B
None
AB
AB, A, B, O
A
A
B
A and AB
A and O
B
B
A
B and AB
B and O
O
None
A and B
AB, A, B, O
O
Cartoon of Day 1!
Cartoon of the Day 2!