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Causes of WWII Unit Objective Understanding the causes of WWII including the role of the Treaty of Versailles, European Appeasement, and American Isolationism World War I • European economies were ruined by WWI (Germany in particular) • Demands of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany: Rise of Fascism and Nazism • Fascism: Totalitarian nationalistic state-run dictatorship that suppressed all opposition; The state came before the individual • Benito Mussolini (This is an ID): Adolf Hitler (ID) • Nazism: Extreme form of Fascism that included extreme racism against the Jews Militarism in Japan • Japan was an island nation that was industrializing much like Britain did 100 years before—Japan needed a colonial empire to get natural resources from for industry • Military became a way of life in the mid to late 1800s • Japan had several disputes with the West but was never taken over Emperor Hirohito • Hideki Tojo: Highest ranking general, had almost as much power as Hirohito • Isoroku Yamamoto: Planned the attack on Pearl Harbor Appeasement and Isolationism This is an ID • What does it mean to appease someone? • Appeasement: Munich Pact • Best example of appeasement • Britain and France decided to meet with Hitler because he kept taking over neighboring countries, but they were not ready for war • Hitler was allowed to keep everything he had already taken in return for his promise to take no more—stalling? • Some German generals were ready to oust Hitler if anyone stood up to him—no one did • Isolationism: • Some in Japan confused that with “Pacifism” and thought American might not go to war after Pearl Harbor • End result: No one stood up to the dictators as they rose to power Non-Aggression Pact • 1939: Hitler and Stalin signed an agreement that they would not go to war with each other • Shocking because Germany and the Soviet Union had always been enemies (Hitler even blamed the Communists for burning down the Reichstag) • Disturbing because Britain and France had been counting on help from the Soviet Union if war broke out • So why did Stalin agree to it? • Secret part of the deal: • Why did the agreement finally end? • Main AXIS Powers? • Main Allies? • 1939: • 1941: • Dec. 7, 1941: