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The Civil War (1861-1865) CHAPTER 1 LESSON 5 NORTH VS. SOUTH (UNION VS. CONFEDERACY) The War Between the States North in 1861 Advantages Population Industrialization Transportation Food Disadvantages “Away Team” Leadership Northern Advantages Population – Slave/Free pop. 1861 Northern Advantages Industrialization – over 80% of U.S. Factories Northern Advantages Transportation – 22,000 miles of railroads (South=only 9,000 miles) Northern Advantages Food Production & Overall Resources (population, land, trans.) Northern Disadvantages Leadership – best Generals (Robert E. Lee) in South Northern Disadvantages “Away Team” – Have to invade & CONQUER the south Southern Advantages “King Cotton” – Foreign powers relied on cotton (1/5 of British citizens were employed in cotton related industries) Southern Advantages “Home Team” – defend territory Southern Advantages Leadership – Better leaders; ROBERT E. LEE (Lincoln wanted him to lead Union troops – He declined to stay with Virginia) “Stonewall” Jackson James Longstreet Robert E. Lee Southern Advantages Motivated Soldiers – fighting to preserve society in the South Southern Disadvantages Population Southern Disadvantages Economy Southern Disadvantages Industry – first factory built 1845; very far behind North in industry (Graniteville Textile Comp. , Richmond, VA) Strategies North Force Surrender Through attrition Anaconda Plan Control Miss. River Blockade Ports Control Richmond, VA Anaconda Plan Strategies South Defend Territory – Hopefully Yankees will give up fighting after a while Win foreign recognition from France or Britain (because of Cotton trade) Motto – “With God as Our Vindicator” Theatres of War WEST All battles fought West of Appalachian mountains to MS river EAST All battles fought East of App. Mountains Armies UNION Army of the Potomac Armies named after rivers CONFEDERACY Army of Northern Virginia Armies named after states FIGHTING 1st Battle of Bull Run (1st Battle of Manassas)=first battle of the Civil War 4,878 casualties – each side realized it would be a long fight ANTIETAM Battle of Antietam Creek – Sep. 17, 1862 Bloodiest single day in American history – 23,000 casualties Emancipation Proclamation After Union victories in 1862, Lincoln decides to issue the Emancipation Proclamation Does not free any slaves, because it only accounted for slaves in Confederate states still in rebellion EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION Three Turning points of Civil War 1863 – Year the “tide turned” for North 1) Gettysburg, PA 2) Vicksburg, Ms Turned Robert E. Lee back south. He would never invade the North again. U.S. Grant wins. Union now has full control of the Mississippi River. 3) Chattanooga, TN The Union Army wins; The deep South is open to invasion. William T. Sherman can wage TOTAL WAR on the South. Gettysburg GETTYSBURG Casualties VICKSBURG Gen. Ulysses S. Grant takes control of the Mississippi River CHATTANOOGA OPENS UP DEEP SOUTH TO INVASION TOTAL WAR William T. Sherman leads Union troops on his “MARCH TO THE SEA” Wages “TOTAL WAR” Destroys South’s will to fight Burns and destroys major Georgia cities Turns North toward Richmond, VA FINAL DAYS Gen. Robert E. Lee attempts to defend Virginia in 1864-1865…cannot do it Surrender Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to Gen. U.S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse – April 9, 1865 Casualties Casualties Assassination of Abraham Lincoln April 14, 1865 Killed by John Wilkes Booth Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Assassination of Abraham Lincoln The Assassins