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Do Now • Describe what happens when you breathe, use as much detail as possible. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM What is Respiration? The chemical process of getting energy out of food. Oxygen Food + Energy Where does Respiration happen? •In mitochondria inside all cells. Respiration Equation Glucose + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP Food Oxygen Energy Carbon Dioxide Water Photosynthesis • The opposite of respiration • CO2 + H2O + Sunlight Glucose + O2 The Respiratory System has many parts Nasal Cavity • Is lined with cilia (tiny hairs) and mucous. • Warms, moistens, and cleans the air. Pharynx • Back of throat. • Is the voice box. • As air is breathed in and out, the vocal cords vibrate to make sounds. Sound waves are compressional waves generated by vibrations Larynx Trachea • Tube lined with rings of cartilage (for support). • Lined with cilia and mucous for trapping dust. Epiglottis: Flap that covers trachea when swallowing OPEN CLOSED Bronchi • 2 tubes from the trachea. Bronchioles •The tiny branches that branch off from the bronchi. Air sacs found at the end of the bronchioles are called Alveoli. They are surrounded by capillaries. This enables gas exchange to take place capillary Gas exchange is occurring in the diagram below. Label the parts. capillary alveolus RBC O2 CO2 The lung is not a big empty balloon! It is more like a sponge with lots of air pockets. What is the benefit??? The benefit is more surface area for gas exchange. Diaphragm A sheet of smooth muscle which changes the size of the chest cavity. Mechanics of Breathing Inhalation • The diaphragm contracts and moves down • The volume of the chest cavity increases • Air is sucked in. Exhalation • The diaphragm relaxes and moves up • The volume of the chest cavity decreases • Air is forced out ASTHMA Reactive airway disease Constriction of the bronchioles makes breathing difficult. BRONCHITIS Inflammation of the linings of the bronchial tubes caused by bacteria or virus. Air passages become swollen and clogged with mucus BRONCHITIS EMPHYSEMA Walls of the alveoli break down, less surface area to obtain oxygen • Caused by smoking LUNG CANCER • Tumors form in the lungs as a result of uncontrollable cell reproduction. • Caused by smoking, or breathing in cancer causing materials.
