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ISLAM
By Maria, Marjorie, and Brandi
MUHAMMAD
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Born in Mecca, 570
Father died before born, Mother died when 6
Raised by Grandfather, and Uncle
Traveled with Uncle’s Caravans
Managed a Caravan Business when older
Married a Widow named Khadijah, at 25
When 50, went to meditate in a cave and met
Angel Gabriel
MUHAMMAD (CONTINUED)
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Angel Gabriel made him a prophet
Told People about Angel Gabriel’s Messages
in 613 A.D.
Taught that there was only one God, Allah
His Teachings upset many Arabs, didn’t want to stop
worshipping their gods
Seemed like a threat to people who made money from
yearly pilgrimages to the Kaaba
Many people from Mecca rejected his teachings
Mecca started to threaten with violence
Left Mecca with his Followers and Daughter, Fatimah, to
Medina
Died in 632
Uncle became a Caliph in 633
FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH
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1st Pillar(Shahada)- Saying “There is no god but God,
and Muhammad is his prophet”
2nd Pillar(Salat)- Praying 5 times a day
3rd Pillar(Zakat)- Giving to the poor and needy
4th Pillar(Sawm)- Fasting during the holy month of
Ramadan
5th Pillar(Hajj)- Traveling to Mecca at least once on a
hajj
FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH (CONTINUED)
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Ramadan is the holy month, where most Muslims will not eat or drink
anything between dawn and sunset.
Muslims believe fasting is a way to show that God is more important
than one's own body.
Praying five times a day is considered the second most important of
Islam’s five pillars, after professing that there is no god worthy of
worship but God and that the Prophet Mohammed is God’s messenger.
It is a pillar because everyone worship God.
Each prayer includes a series of movements, supplications, and
recitations from the Quran, Islam’s holy book, in its original Arabic.
Muslims consider prayer to be a spiritual and physical act, with various
standing, bending, and prostrating postures symbolizing devotion to
God.
GEOGRAPHY
Dear Brandi and Marjorie,
Hello I am a trader and nomad, that lives in Arabia! As I can tell you in
Arabia deserts it is hot! To start my job is to trade things with other people &
my job being a nomad is to raise herds of sheep, goats, and camels. Since I
have both jobs, I have to travel from place to place. To describe the Arabian
desert I can say that is one of the most hottest and driest places in the
world, sometimes the temperature around there is 100*F, for that type of
weather it makes plants and animals hard to survive. Desert plants do live
in areas that get a little bit of rain, also you can see oasis lands, wet fertile
land in the desert,
As a trader, I carry goods such as spices, silk, and gold along the trade
routes called crossroad locations. Which intersect of three continents-Africa,
Asia, and Europe. As a nomad, as I said earlier, I live in tents and raise herds
of sheep, goats, and camels. The animals provide milk, meat, and skins for
us. We travel with the herds across the desert, to get food and water for the
animals. For us, camels and tents belonged to individuals, water and
grazing land belonged to the tribes, and membership of a tribe was
important to us. The tribe offered protection from desert dangers, such as
violence that took in competing over grazing land and water.
Sincerely,
Me ♥
GEOGRAPHY (CONTINUED)
EMPIRES- OTTOMAN
Ottoman Empire:
* Geography:
The Ottoman Turks started on the Anatolian Peninsula in Turkey. The Ottoman
empire controlled much of Europe, Africa, and Asia.
* Religion:
The religion of the Ottoman empire is Turk.
* Achievements:
Their achievements were science and technology.
* Politics (leaders, how they rose to power, military campaigns, etc.)
Mehmed ll ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1453 to 1481. He was one of the sultans, which is a Ottoman leader. During his
time of emperor he improved the new capital, Istanbul. He repaired damage that was caused by fighting and build palaces,
such as mosques and a huge covered bazaar. He encouraged people from all over the empire to move the city. The Muslim
Turkish warriors known as Ottomans began to take land from the Christian Byzantine Empire. The Ottomans trained Christian
boys to be soldiers. The slave soldiers are called Janissaries, converted to Islam and became fierce fighters.
* Economy:
By separating women and men apart harems kept women out of public life. But however, wealthy women could still own
property or businesses. A harem is
wever, wealthy women could still own property or businesses. A harem is these women usually had to live apart from men in an
area of household. Some women used their money to build schools, mosques, and hospitals.
* Social Structure/Society:
The sultan issued laws and made all the major decisions in the empire. Most Ottoman laws were based on Shariah or Islamic
law, but sultans made their own laws. The Ottoman society was divided into two classes. Which were judges and other people
who advised the sultan on legal & military matters were part of the ruling class.
EMPIRES- SAFAVID EMPIRE
* Geography:
 The Safavid Empire was gaining power to the east.
The conflict came from an old disagreement among Muslims
about who should be caliph.
The two groups were Shia and Sunni. Shia were
 * Religion
 Shi'ism, is a religion form of Islam.
 * Achievements:
 Their achievements are art, architecture, and half of philosophy.
Their art was handwoven carpet, textiles, such as silk & velvet, most
people admired their skills ceramics and metal goods.
 * Politics (leaders, how they rose to power, military campaigns, etc.):
 The Safavid empire leader was Esma'il. He took the ancient Persian
title shah or king. As shah, Esma'il made Shiism, the beliefs of the
Shia, the official religion of the empire.
 * Economy:
 The Safavid Empire blended Persian and Muslim traditions. They
builted beautiful mosques in their capital, Esfahan. People admired
the colorful tiles and the large dome. Abbas encouraged the
manufacturing of traditional products.
 * Social Structure/Society:
 Merchants came from far away to trade for these goods. That
sometimes it brought wealth to the Safavid empire. It also helped
established it as a major Islamic civilization, until mid-1700s.
EMPIRES- MUGHAL EMPIRE
Geography:
In the east of the Safavid empire,
in India, was located the Mughal empire.
The Mughal united a large and diverse empire. They left a
cultural heritage know for poetry and architecture.
Religion:
Turkish Muslims
Achievements:
Muslims and Hindus lived together peacefully and Persians and Indians live and
worked in the same communities. Akbr encouraged people to write in Indian
languages such as Hindi and Urdu. The Mughal empire is known for its
monumental architecture particularly the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal is a dazzling
tomb between 1631 and 1674.
Politics (leaders, how they rose to power, military campaigns, etc.):
The founder of the Mughal empire was called Babur. He tried for years to make the
empire in Central Asia. In northern India Babur established the Mughal empire in
1526.
Akbr made non-Muslims to pay special taxes. Suttee, a hindu, levying illegal taxes,
gambling, and drinking.
Akbr also prosecuted non-Muslims and made them pay a special-tax. One
prosecuted group was the Sikhs. As a result that all of these violence, harsh
ACHIEVEMENTS
Astronomy
Many cities in Muslim world had observatories where people could
study astronomy that includes the sun, moon, and stars. Arab scholars
used the astrolabe to figure out their location on earth. This helped
Muslims know what direction to turn so they could face Mecca for
their prayers. The astrolabe would later become important to the
exploration of the seas.
Geography
As people learned to use the stars to calculate time and location, merchants and explorers began to
travel, like Ibn Battutah. He traveled to Africa, India, China, and Spain in the 1320s. To help travelers
on their way, Muslim
Geographers made better maps than the maps that were
available before. During the mid-1100s, a Muslim geographer named
al-Idrisi collected information from Arab travelers. He was writing a
geography book, but he wanted the book to be accurate. So, when he
had a question about where a mountain, river, or coastline was, he
sent trained geographers to figure out the exact locations.
ACHIEVEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Math (include al-Khwarizmi)
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The Muslim mathematician is al-Khwarizmi,
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he wrote a math textbook that he called al-jabr
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or algebra. It is the modern algebra that kids
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use around the world today. When the book
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was brought to Europe in the 1500s, they
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called it Arabic numerals.
Medicine (Ibn Sina)
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Muslims studied Greek and Indian medicines. Muslim doctors created tests for doctors to pass
before they could
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treat people, made encyclopedias of drugs with descriptions of each drug effects, wrote
descriptions
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about diseases, and started the first pharmacy school to teach
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people how to make medicines. The first Muslim public hospital
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was built in Baghdad. A doctor named Ibn Sina wrote a medical
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encyclopedia. The book was translated into Latin and used
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throughout Europe until the 1600s. It is one of the most famous
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books in the history of medicine.
ACHIEVEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Philosophy
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Many Muslims doctors and scientists studied the ancient
Greek philosophy. They focused on spiritual issues, many of
them lived a simple life of devotion to God. The focus on
spiritual issues led to a movement called Sufism, which
teaches that people can find God's love by having a personal
relationship with god. Sufism had a strong impact on Islam.
Literature (include Omar khayyam)
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Two forms of literature were popular in the Muslim world
which are poetry and short stories. Poetry is important to
Muslims, because it was influenced by Sufism, some wrote
poetry about their loyalty to God. One of the most famous
Sufism poets was Omar khayyam, he wrote poems about
faith, hope, and other emotions in a book of poems called
The Rubaiyat.
ACHIEVEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Architecture
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Architecture was one of the most important Muslim art
forms. Most people say that the greatest architectural
achievements of the Muslims empires are mosques. As a
Muslim world grew richer, rulers became great patrons,
known as sponsors, of architecture. Many mosques have a
dome and a minaret, which are narrow tower from which
Muslims are called to prayer.
Art
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Muslims think Allah can create humans and animals or
their own images. Muslims artist didn't include people or
animals in their works. Muslims artists turn calligraphy,
decorative writing, into art form. The used calligraphy to
make sayings from the Qur'an into great works of art that
they use to decorate mosques and other buildings. Also,
they painted decorative writing on tiles, wove it into
carpets, and hammered it into finely decorated steel
sword blades.
SUNNI AND SHIA
Sunni
Sunni and Shia
Shia
•People predict that
there will be between
1.91-1.97 billion
Sunni's in 20 years
•They both worship a
god
•They believed that
one of Muhammad's
relatives
Should take his place
as
leader.
•After Muhammad
died, they believed
that whoever was
capable of being
leader should take
Muhammad’s place.
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•They both thought
that Muhammad was
a prophet
•Both there holy cities •In 2030 people
are mecca, Jerusalem, predict that there will
medina.
be 219-285 million
Shia's worldwide.
•There holy book is
the Qur’an
Questions:
Could you change from being Sunni to be a Shia, or from a Shia to a Sunni?
What would happen if both of the groups followed the same leader?
What did the Shia’s do to get there way of a relative taking the place of
Muhammad?
ISLAM TODAY
There are more than 1.5 billion followers of
Islam worldwide
 In Tennessee there is a new Mosque that just
opened for the first time.
 Hamburg becomes first German city to officially
recognize a Muslim holiday.
 Paris suburb gets a new grand mosque
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TEACHINGS
The central teaching in Islam is their holy book known
as the Qur'an. They only believe in one god (Allah) and
that Muhammad was his prophet.
 The Sunnah Shariah, Qur'an, and Jihad are all books of teachings
in Islam
 The Sunnah is a book of Muhammad's teachings, it's a guide on
how to live by his rules
 The Shariah is a book on politics, crime,
economics, and more. It is the moral code
and religious law of Islam.
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The Qur'an is a holy book for Muslims.
The jihad is a religious duty of Muslims.
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COMPARISONS OF MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION
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Islam, Christianity, and Judaism are different monotheistic religions. Monotheistic means the belief in
one god. The religions live by different rules and their beliefs aren't all the same. Islam's holy book is
the Qur'an but the Christian's holy book is the bible, and the Judaism's holy book is the Torah and the
Talmud. Their holy days and special holy days aren't the same either. Christian’s holy days are usually
on Sundays. Christian's special holy days are Christmas, Lent, Palm Sunday, Thanks Giving, etc.
Judaism special holy days are Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Pass Over, and etc. In Islam their holy
days are Ashura, Ramadan, Yom Arafat, and etc. each religion worships in a different place like
Islamic people worship in mosques, Christians worship in churches, and Jews worship in a temple/
synagogues which is a religious building.
Even types of religions have food restrictions. If you are a Jew your diet is strict and some food has to
be cooked in a certain way. You can't eat pork or mix meat with milk in the same meal, plate, and etc.
If you are Islamic then you can't eat pork or drink anything with alcohol in it, meat from an animal that
died before slaughter, an animal that wasn’t slaughtered and preserved in the Islamic way, and etc. If
you are Christian there really isn't a restriction on foods.
Christians believe that there are 10 commandments which were people who were a set of rules for
the people of god to live by. Jews believe that Jesus is not a messiah which means that they believe
that Jesus is not a savior. Jews believe there is Satan but not a devil. They think that the devil and
Satan are not the same. Islamic people believe that a man named Muhammad was a prophet
meaning that an angel spoke to him. They believe that the object to life is to live in a way that is
pleasing Allah (God). Last but not least each religion has important people. For Christians It is Jesus,
for Islamic people it is Muhammad, and for Jews it is Moses which was a prophet that lead the people
of Israel to the promise land.
ROLE OF WOMEN
Quran states, both men and women are equal
 States that, "Men are the protectors and
maintainers of women, because Allah has
made one of them to excel the other, and
because they spend from their means. Therefore, the righteous women are
devoutly obedient and guard in the husband's absence what Allah orders them
to guard."
 Refers to relationship between a husband and wife, not as society in whole.
 Sharia provides differences between woman and man rights and obligations
 Neither Quran or Hadith mention women have to be housewives
 In Majority Muslim countries, women exercise varying degrees of rights with
regards to marriage, divorce, civil rights, dress code, education, and legal
status.
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EXTRA CREDIT (ISRAEL AND PALESTINE
CONFLICT)
Main cause is because of a group in Europe
decided to colonize land, and many immigrated
to Palestine in late 1800s
 Indigenous population became increasingly
alarmed.
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In 1947, United Nations decided to intervene
 UN recommended giving away 55% of Palestine to
a Jewish state
 Israel is the only Jewish state, they are surrounded
 by Arabs
 Iran is threatening to blow Israel off the map
 ~Reasons Why~
 Palestinians are Arabs who had lived in the area of Israel for 2000 years forced to move
 The ones that did not move were forced to live in camps to make room for Jews
 Jerusalem is a holy land to 3 major faiths, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim
 Jews and Muslims each want to control Jerusalem
 In 1947, it was when the UN decided to split
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EXTRA CREDIT (ISRAEL AND PALESTINE
CONFLICT) (CONTINUED)
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Arabs were forced to share with Palestinians, but then they got less
than what they were promised.
People are usually fight with stones, etc, for what they believe in
Palestinians became refugees in other countries throughout the
middle east
A lot of places got overpopulated with Palestinians
Terrorism is a constant threat in Israel
Israel puts up a wall around Palestinian areas to prevent terrorist
from moving into Israeli areas
In 1947, is when the creation of Israel began
UN decided to partition Palestine between Jews and Palestinians
Jewish State- Israel
Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria declare war on
Israel
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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